Aliyense ali ndi chibwenzi chomwe amakonda, ndipo anthu ambiri amasangalala posamalira mbewu. Ndizosangalatsa bwanji kuwona mphukira ikutuluka kuchokera m'mbewuyo, kuisamalira nthawi yakukula mwachangu, komanso kosangalatsa, kukolola phindu lanyama yobiriwira yobiriwira. Koma, kuti mukolole bwino, muyenera kupanga zovala zapamwamba ndi feteleza, kuphatikiza masamba.
Malamulo osamalira mbeu nthawi zonse amakhala:
- kumasula nthaka;
- kuthirira;
- umuna;
- kupalira;
- chitetezo cha tizilombo ndi chithandizo;
- kudula kapena kupinira;
- kukonzekera zomera m'nyengo yozizira
Mutha kuthira manyowa m'njira zingapo:
- Njira yayikulu imaphatikizapo kuthira feteleza m'nthaka, musanadzalemo zomera.
- Njira yofesa imachitika pa nthawi yobzala mbewu.
- Kuvala bwino ndikubweretsa michere pa nthawi ya moyo... Zovala zapamwamba ndi muzu, masamba (tsamba), mzere wapakati ndi njira yolerera.
Kodi kudyetsa masamba
Kuvala za masamba ndi njira ina yowonjezeretsa michere yosungunuka m'madzi ndi kupopera mbewu pansi, kudutsa mizu.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti michere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasamba ndi zimayambira za zomera zimalowa mkatikati mwa chomera chobiriwira ndipo zimayamwa mwachangu kwambiri.
Abwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwachangu, mopatsa thanzi pang'ono poyankha.
Mukafuna
Zowonjezera pakupanga chisankho pakudyetsa masamba:
- wamakono njira umuna;
- Chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono, mchere, kusakhazikika kwa mizu, chomera salandira zowonjezera zowonjezera kuchokera kunthaka, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa michere, ndipo zakudya zowonjezera masamba zimapereka zofunikira kwambiri pakanthawi kochepa komanso kwathunthu;
- wamphamvu kukondoweza kwa mizupamene tsamba limadyetsa muzu, kukulitsa muzu wokhala ndi mipanda yolimba kuti utenge zakudya m'nthaka;
- kukulitsa kukula kwa photosynthesis;
- umuna, kutsatira magawo a kukula kwa mbewu, mwachitsanzo, panthawi yakutha kwa ntchito ya mizu;
- kutalika kwa tchire salola kugwiritsa ntchito mzere wapakati feteleza;
- Kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, izi zisanachitike, phunzirani mosamala magome ogwirizana kuti asapangitse mankhwala atsopano;
- kupulumutsa mabatire chifukwa ntchito m'dera
Kuti tsamba likhale lopatsa thanzi, anthu amavomereza kuti awonetse malamulo okhwima:
- Ikani feteleza panthawi yakukula bwino kwa zida zamatchire.
- Yankho liyenera kugwa pamwamba ndi pansi pa tsamba ndi zimayambira;
- Ndikofunika kupopera yankho usiku kapena tsiku lamvula, popeza dzuwa limaumitsa njirayo chomera chisanachilowetse;
- Kutentha kozungulira osaposa 20 madigiri.
- Nyengo ikhale bata, osati yamvula.
Kodi feteleza ndi abwino kwambiri
Ndikofunikira kudziwa, mukamatsata zakudya zama masamba, mfundo za mayamwidwe azinthu zina.
Manyowa a nayitrogeni
Kusowa kwa nayitrogeni panthawi yokula kumachepetsa kwambiri zokolola, komanso mtundu wake komanso zomanga thupi. Manyowa a nayitrogeni amapopera bwino tsamba. kumayambiriro kwa masika Pofuna kukonza ntchito ya photosynthesis, kukula kwa kukula, kuwongolera ndi chitukuko cha ziwalo zoberekera.
Kudyetsa masamba mochedwa sikukhudza zokolola, koma kumawonjezera kwambiri mapuloteni azipatso.
Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zidawonetsedwa mwa kudyetsa masambawo ndi carbamide, yomwe imakhala ndi mtundu wa nayitrogeni wa amide.
Potaziyamu-phosphorous
Manyowa a potashi ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu, amathandizira kufulumira kucha kwa zipatso, pomwe pali kuwonjezeka kwa mikhalidwe yabwino ya mbeu.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira potaziyamu osakwanira komanso pang'onopang'ono amasamba masamba, ayoni a potaziyamu ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo zimawavuta kuti adutse pa cuticle ya tsamba. Ndibwino kuti muwonjezere potaziyamu pakagwa nyengo yozizira kuti tsamba likhale lolimba.
Magnesium ndi zofufuza
- Magnesium ili nayo pepala labwino kwambiri, imayambitsidwa nthawi imodzi ndi urea ngati magnesium sulphate.
- Biostimulants kutengera ndi nyanja.
- Zinthu zofufuzira zimayambitsidwa mwa mawonekedwe a chelates - mankhwala ophatikizika omwe amadziwika kuti ndi opangidwa ndi organometallic complex, momwe cholembera chimasungabe chitsulo chosungunuka mpaka chitha kulowa muzomera.Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zosafunikira ngati mchere wamchere kumadziwika kuti sikuthandiza chifukwa chakuti feteleza samayamwa, kawopsedwe, kapangidwe ka mankhwala atsopano m'nthaka ndikubzala, kuyaka pamalo okhudzana nawo.
Momwe mungakonzekeretsere kuvala bwino mdziko muno
Kuonjezera zokolola za maapulo, m'pofunika kuchita zakudya zamagulu katatu urea (kupanga urea). Masika, masamba akadali ofewa, gwiritsani ntchito 0,3% (magalamu atatu a carbamide pa lita imodzi yamadzi) yankho, komanso nthawi yotentha ndi nthawi yophukira 0,5% (5 magalamu a carbamide pa lita imodzi ya madzi).
Ngati kasupe wautali komanso wozizira waonekera, chomeracho chisanamasulidwe, muyenera kuchidyetsa ndi izi:
Ammonium nitrate (kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni 46%) - 20.0 g. kusungunuka mu malita awiri a madzi, anawonjezera potaziyamu mankhwala enaake - 20.0 g ndipo sulphate yamkuwa - 1.0 g.,
kusakaniza uku akuwonjezeka kusungunuka mu 3 malita superphosphate - 200 gr. Chosakanikacho chimasefedwa ngati chimphepo chapanga ndipo yankho lake limathandizidwa ndi zomera.
Pankhani yotentha komanso yotentha, m'pofunika kukonza masamba ndi yankho la potaziyamu mankhwala ena 100 gr. ndi malita 10 amadzi, izi zimawonjezera kukokoloka kwa masamba.
Ukadaulo wokonza zamakhalidwe
Kudya koyamba
Chomera chisanamasulidwe, muyenera kuchidyetsa mwachangu ndi izi:
- Kawiri granular superphosphate (kuchuluka kwa phosphorous, ndi kusungunuka kwabwino) - 200.0 g., Kusungunuka mu 3 malita a madzi masana mu chidebe cha pulasitiki;
- Ammonium nitrate (kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni 46%) - 20.0 g. ndipo sulphate yamkuwa - 10.0 g., asidi boric 1 gr., potaziyamu sulphide - 80 gr.
- The acidity ndi neutralized ndi yankho layimu.
- Zosakaniza zonse ziwiri ndizosakanikirana ndipo malita 5 amadzi amathiridwa.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa yankho lotere kumapeto kwa nyengo kumatsimikizira kuonjezera zokolola ndi 20%... Panthawi yamaluwa, mbewu sizidyetsedwa.
Chachiwiri
Pambuyo mbewu chinazilala, muyenera kuchita nyambo yachiwiri:
- Kawiri granular superphosphate (kuchuluka kwa phosphorous, ndi kusungunuka kwabwino) - 200.0 g, kusungunuka m'malita atatu amadzi masana mu chidebe cha pulasitiki;
- Ammonium sulphate - 50.0 g kusungunuka mu malita awiri a madzi, anawonjezera potaziyamu sulphide - 100 gr. Zosakaniza zonsezi ndizosakanikirana, acidity imasinthidwa ndi yankho koloko, ndipo malita 5 a madzi amathiridwa mkati.
Chachitatu
Asanakolole amalimbikitsa kudyetsa kachitatu:
Kawiri granular superphosphate (kuchuluka kwa phosphorous, ndi kusungunuka kwabwino) - 400.0 g., Kusungunuka mu 3 malita a madzi masana mu chidebe cha pulasitiki. Magalasi 4 phulusa la nkhuni kunena mu malita atatu a madzi kwa tsiku, kusakaniza ndi kusungunuka superphosphate, neutralize acidity ndi chakudya njira koloko, onjezerani malita 5 a madzi.
Fetereza amenewa kumawonjezera kukoma kwa zipatso, Imathandizira mashelufu awo panthawi yosungira yayitali komanso mayendedwe.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe apamwamba a foliar, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mwanjira iliyonse, njirayi siyilowa m'malo mwa njira zonse zopangira feteleza, koma imagwiritsanso ntchito ngati chowonjezera chomwe chimakulitsa zokolola, ntchito zofunikira za chomeracho, kukoma ndi chitetezo cha chipatso.
Osapitilira njira yololeza yankho, chiopsezo chazakudya chomera chikuwonjezeka kwambiri, werengani mosamala malangizo a feteleza.
Mosamala perekani fetereza woyikidwa padziko lapansi, ngati mungadumphe zinthu zapansi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kutsika.
Khalani tcheru pamasamba akutukuka, feteleza wolakwika amatsogolera pakusalandila feteleza wofunikira, ndipo kuchulukitsitsa kumabweretsa kusowa kwa zokolola ndikupanga nsonga.