Ukadaulo wokulitsa bowa wa oyster kunyumba ndi manja anu ndiwosavuta, ngakhale amateur amatha kuthana nawo. Komabe, musanapite ku bizinesi ndikukula bowa, muyenera kudziwa njira zomwe zilipo komanso zofunikira pakadali pano bowa amakula bwino. Komwe mungayambire ndi momwe mungapangire njirayi kuyambira pachiyambi, tikukuuzani pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngakhale oyamba kumene azikhala osavuta kubzala ndikubzala bowa.
Zoyenera kulima bowa wa mzikuni kunyumba
Mutha kukonza malo olimamo bowa muzipinda zapansi, mosungira nyumba kapena zipinda zopangidwa mwaluso ku kanyumba kanyumba. Pakulima bowa wa oyisitara, muyenera kupanga izi:
- kuthekera kokhazikitsa ndikusunga kayendedwe ka kutentha mkati Madigiri 10-20;
- konzekerani chipinda dongosolo mpweya kuchotsa carbon dioxide ndi nyali ndi nyali za fulorosenti;
- khazikitsani chinyezi 70-90%.
Chifukwa cha katundu wawo, bowa amatenga zinthu zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo poizoni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti malo onse m'chipinda chapansi apatsidwe mankhwala. opanda zizindikiro za nkhungu ndi tizirombo... Ndikofunika kukhalabe aukhondo mpaka kumapeto kwa zokolola.
Nthawi yotentha momwe bowa wa oyisitara imakula bwino imangokhala ndi zilembo kuyambira 20 mpaka 28 madigiri.
Momwe mungamere bowa kunyumba
Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira bowa wa mzikuni kunyumba. Njira iliyonse ili ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwerenge ndi zovuta zonse zaukadaulokusankha chomwe chikukuyenererani.
Momwe mungasungunuke m'matumba ndi manja anu
Gawo lapansi lingagulidwe lokonzeka kapena lokonzedwa ndi manja anu. Zopangira zabwino kwambiri za bowa wa oyisitara ndi balere kapena udzu wa tirigu... Komanso yoyenera:
- matabwa olimba;
- mankhusu a buckwheat;
- mankhusu a mpendadzuwa;
- zipika za chimanga ndi mapesi.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera pogaya kuti 5-10 masentimita.
Omwe angoyamba kumene kudziwa ukadaulo wokulitsa bowa kunyumba amalangizidwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito utuchi. Njirayi ndi yovuta ndipo ili ndi zofunikira zapadera.
Musanagwiritse ntchito gawo lapansi, muyenera kupha tizilombo zakuthupi. Pachifukwa ichi, amathandizidwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha.
Gawo ndi gawo njira yothanirana ndi gawo lapansi:
- zakumwa zosaphika zosankhidwa zimatsanuliridwa mu thanki yachitsulo kapena poto wokulirapo;
- mudzaze chidebecho ndi madzi (kuchuluka 1: 2);
- bweretsani zomwe zili poto kuwira ndikuphika pafupifupi maola 2-2.5.
Malo omalizidwa ayenera kukhala yonyowa komanso yofewa, koma simuyenera kuchulukitsa ndi madzi. Zolemba zolondola zimatulutsa chinyezi chocheperako panthawi yopota.
Kuphatikiza pa gawo lapansi, mbewu (mycelium) imayikidwa m'thumba. Sikoyenera kugula kwambiri nthawi imodzi, imawonongeka mwachangu. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, kuchokera 1 kg ya zopangira mutha kukwera mpaka 3 kg ya bowa wa oyisitara.
Pansi pake pamayikidwa m'matumba m'magawo, ndikusintha mpira wa gawo lapansi ndi mbewu. Matumbawo amadzazidwa mwamphamvu popanda kupondaponda. Mukamangirira m'mbali mwa chidebecho, mabowo owoneka ngati mtanda amadulidwa ndi tsamba pamwamba pa polyethylene. Ayenera kuikidwa pakadutsa masentimita 10 mu kachitidwe ka checkerboard.
Kwa milungu iwiri, thumba limatsitsidwa m'chipinda chapansi kuti muzisungunuka nthawi yayitali Madigiri 19-23... Palibe kuyatsa kofunikira pakadali pano.
Ubwino waukulu wa njirayi ndi kuphweka kwa ukadaulo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri pamakhala osauka kapena opanda zipatso. Zikatero, muyenera kusankha gawo lapansi ndikuyang'ana kupezeka kwa nkhungu.
Kutola bowa kumayamba miyezi 1.5 mutabzala. Mbewu ziwiri zimatengedwa m'thumba limodzi.
Gawo ndi tsatanetsatane waukadaulo woswana pa chitsa
Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zokulitsira bowa wa oyisitara: zazikulu komanso zazikulu. Mbali yoyamba, wapadera malo zinthu zili bwino. Njira yachiwiri ikuyimira ukadaulo wa kulima bowa panja... Nthawi yokolola imadalira nyengo.
Ngati mdziko muno mulibe kudula kapena kosungira nyumba, simuyenera kukhumudwa. Mutha kulima bowa wa oyisitara paziputu kapena nyenyeswa za mtengo wolimba (mabokosi, phulusa, popula, beech, ndi zina zambiri).
Masiku obzala amayamba mchaka pakukhazikitsa zabwino kutentha. The cuttings akhathamiritsa kwa masiku 1-2 musanagwiritse ntchito. Njirayi siigwiridwa ndi mtengo watsopano.
Mabowo amapangidwa kale pazitsulo ndi m'mimba mwake 10 mamilimita ndikukula mkati 5-6 masentimita... Mbeu imayikidwa m'mabowo ndikuphimbidwa ndi moss kapena tepi yomata. Mycelium yooneka ngati ndodo ndi yokwanira kulowetsa mu dzenjelo ndikutseka ndi pulasitiki.
Malo olima bowa amasankhidwa mumthunzi pansi pa korona wandiweyani wa mitengo. Izi ndizofunikira kuti bowa wa oyisitara asamaume nthawi yotentha.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zipika, kukumba maenje komanso kuyika utuchi wonyowa pansi amaperekedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zidutswa zamatabwa zothiridwa zimayikidwa m'mbali zokonzeka ndikuzikwirira ndi dothi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a utali (osachepera 15 cm). Kusiyana pakati pa ziphuphu kuyenera kukhala masentimita 35-50.
Kusamaliranso mabedi a bowa ndiko kuthirira nthaka pambali pake. Nthawi yosonkhanitsa bowa wa oyisitara nthawi zambiri imagwera Ogasiti Sep.... Minda yotereyi imabweretsa kukula bwino mpaka zaka 5 ndikubala zipatso zochuluka kwa zaka 2-3 mutabzala.
Pa magawo a substrate
Gawo laling'ono la maluwa ndi polyethylene wamanjaodzaza ndi zolimba. Pre-ntchito pamwamba pa filimu Kuwonongeka kuzungulira kapena mawonekedwe ena. Mabowo amatha kugawanikana bwino pakhomopo, kapena azikhala ndi mbali ziwiri zokha.
Poyamba, pokonza ma briquettes, kulumikizana kwawo sikuyenera kuloledwa, mosiyana ndi kuphwanya kwamayiko awiri, komwe malo olowa alibe mabowo.
Odziwika kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwa magawo awa:
- kulemera - 15 kg;
- kutalika - 70 cm;
- awiri - 25 cm.
Kuchuluka kwa gawo lapansi pamanja, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi chilengedwe zimadalira zida zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito komanso njira yotenthetsera.
Pali zosankha zambiri pakuyika magawo amitundu yaying'ono. Amatha kuyimitsidwa Zidutswa 2-3 pa chingwe kapena popachika payekha pazokwanira. Kulemera kwake kwa matumba ndikulemera kwambiri, komwe kumapereka kukhazikika pakukhazikika Wina ndi mnzake... Zotsatira zake ndi khoma lolimba.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma briquettes m'mashelufu kumaloledwanso. ofukula kapena yopingasa udindo. Chingwe cholumikizidwa kumbuyo kwa mashelufu chimakhala ngati khoka lachitetezo kuti lisagwere kapena kugwa kwa gawo lapansi. Mukamakula bowa kunyumba, chisankho chokhazikitsa matumba chimapangidwa kutengera mawonekedwe amchipindacho.
Njira njira:
- ntchito yabwino;
- chisamaliro chosavuta;
- kupeza zokolola mwachangu (pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2).
Zoyipa zake ndizowonjezera ndalama zogulira magawo a substrate.
Pamiyala
Mabuleki kapena matumba okhala ndi gawo lapansi ndi mbewu mchipinda chapansi kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba zitha kuyikidwa m'mashelufu ngati malo alola. Mashelufuwo ayenera kukhala opangidwa ndi matabwa kapena zitsulo zokulungidwa. Zidutswa zimayikidwa mozungulira kapena mopingasa.
Mashelufu amapangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Amisiri amapanga zojambula zokha, zopereka chitetezo chomwe chimalepheretsa matumba kugwa. Chimodzi mwazomwe mungasankhe chili ndi zikhomo zapadera m'mashelufu, pamwamba pake pamayikidwa mabuloko. Chifukwa cha izi, kukhazikika kwawo kukuwonjezeka.
Ndikololedwa kukhazikitsa manja a bowa m'magawo angapo, koma osaposa atatu... Poterepa, kutalika pakati pa mashelufu kuyenera kukhala 70 masentimita, ndi pakati pa matumba a bowa - 15-40 masentimita.
Mukamayika zotengera za bowa m'magawo awiri kapena atatu, m'pofunika kusiya malo omasuka pansi pazigawo zosachepera 30 cm kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino.
Njirayi yolima bowa wa oyisitara imadziwika ndi kukonza kosavuta komanso kukolola. Komabe, si nyumba zonse zazinyumba zachilimwe komanso nyumba zosungira zinthu zakale zomwe zimakhala ndi malo okwanira osungira mashelufu.
Momwe mungapangire mycelium wa bowa wa oyisitara
Sikovuta kugula mycelium yokonzeka, koma mutha kungoyesa mtundu wa zomwe mwagula patadutsa milungu ingapo. Ngati chinthu chotsika kwambiri chikadziwika, sichingathenso kulipirira mtengo wazida zopangira ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, chifukwa chake alimi ambiri a bowa amadziwa ukadaulo wa mycelium mwa iwo okha.
Mycelium ndi kubzala zinthu, yomwe imayambitsidwa mu gawo lapansi kuti ipeze zokolola za bowa.
Kunyumba, mycelium imakula makamaka pa nkhuni kapena tirigu... Njira yopangira nkhuni ndiyofunikira pakukhazikitsanso mycelium pa hemp. Mbewu zotere zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso zimalimbana ndi matenda. Kuwoneka kwa phala kumapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe cha amayi pagawo lambewu.
Bowa wapamwamba kwambiri amapezeka m'malo a labotale... Kunyumba, njirayi imatha kubwerezedwa pokonzekera zida zapadera pasadakhale:
- agar;
- thermometer;
- tweezers;
- machubu oyesera;
- mapaipi.
Komanso ntchito ifunika madzi, magetsi, gasi.
Zipangizo ndi mawonekedwe omwe akukonzedweratu kugwira ntchito ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala oledzeretsa.
Magawo okula mycelium
- Kuti mupeze mycelium ya chiberekero, muyenera Tsambani bowa wa oyisitara (kuchokera mdera loyandikira kapu) zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zingapo. Poyeretsa zidutswazo kuchokera ku mabakiteriya ndi tiziromboti, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiviike mu hydrogen peroxide ndikuviika zidutswazo m'machubu zoyeserera ndi njere zosweka. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito karoti, oatmeal, kapena agar ya mbatata m'malo mwa sing'anga.
Machubu amatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndikusungidwa mchipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha pafupifupi Madigiri 20... Pakatha masabata awiri, m'mphepete mwake mudzawoneka m'machubu wokonzedwa bwino. Awa ndi mycelium ya chiberekero.
- Kuti mupeze mycelium wapakatikati, muyenera wiritsani Mbewu zambewu kwa mphindi 15. Pambuyo pozizira ndi kuyanika, amasakanizidwa ndi choko ndi gypsum (kwa makilogalamu 1-1.5 a mbewu, tengani magalamu 30 a gypsum ndi magalamu 10 a choko). Chosakanikacho chimatsanulidwa mumitsuko, ndikuidzaza ndi 2 / 3. Kenako, uterine mycelium kuchokera ku chubu choyesera imawonjezeredwa pachidebecho. Khosi la chitini limatsekedwa ndi zojambulazo, zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi tepi. Chojambuliracho chimasungidwa munthawi yofanana ndi machubu oyeserera a Masabata 2-3... Zotsatira zake ndi mtsuko wodzaza mbewu ndi mphonje - wapakatikati wa mycelium.
- Inoculum imapezeka chimodzimodzi, pobzala mycelium wapakatikati muzitsulo zoyera ndi gawo lapansi. Pambuyo pa kukula kwa mycelium, imasamutsidwa m'matumba kapena m'mabwinja omwe ali ndi gawo lapansi momwe bowa azikuliramo.
Kusamalira bowa pakukula
Pambuyo pobzala mycelium m'mabowo a polyethylene, matumbawo amatumizidwa makulitsidwezomwe zimatenga masabata atatu. Nthawi yoyendetsa kutentha sayenera kufika madigiri 30, apo ayi zinthu zobzala zitha kutenthedwa ndi kutentha.
Pakadali pano palibe mpweya... Kudzikundikira kwa kaboni dayokisaidi kumabweretsa zinthu zabwino pakukula kwa mycelium. Zomwe zimafunika ndikutsuka tsiku ndi tsiku pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi klorini. Izi zidzathandiza kupewa nkhungu kukula.
Kenako, matumbawo amayikidwa mchipinda chokhala ndi zida zotentha kwambiri Madigiri 10-20... Kuzizira kwa mpweya, sikudzakhala kotentha kwambiri. Kuunikira kuyenera kukhala 12 koloko ndimphamvu ya 5 kW pa 1 m2. Tsiku lililonse nthawi 1-2, bowa amathiriridwa ndi owaza mwapadera.
M'chipinda momwe bowa amalimidwa, pamakhala milingo yayikulu mlengalenga, chifukwa chake ntchito iyenera kuchitidwa ndi chigoba ndi magalasi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa ziwengo.
Phindu lokulira kunyumba
Mutha kulima bowa m'mabuku angapo, kukhutiritsa zosowa za banja lanu. Koma zochitika zamtunduwu, ndi njira yoyenera, nthawi zina zimakhala njira zowonjezera. Komanso, kusamalira mabedi a bowa sikuwoneka ngati kovuta.
Ngati mungakhazikitse malo abwino osungira matumba a bowa (matumba) ndikutsatira kutentha komwe kumakhazikika, ndiye kuti 3-3.5 kg ya bowa imatha kuchotsedwa pamalopo. Mofananira kuchokera matumba 100 amapeza bowa wa oyisitara 350 kg.
Poganizira mtengo wamsika (pafupifupi ma ruble 130 pa kg), ndalamazo zidzakhala ma ruble a 45,500. Pafupifupi theka la ndalamazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kulima bowa. Phindu lonselo lidzafika ku ruble 20,485. Phindu pamenepa ndi 75%, payback - 5.2 mayendedwe, omwe amatanthauzira kuti miyezi amatanthauza Miyezi 13-15.
Ngati kukula kwa nyumbayo kulola kukhala ndi matumba 200, ndiye kuti phindu limawonjezeka mpaka 82%, ndipo ndalama zonse zizikhala ma ruble 40,000-41,000. Ndalamazi zipindulitsa m'mizunguli ya 3.4 kapena miyezi 9 yokha.
Njira yolima bowa oyisitara kunyumba ndiyosangalatsa komanso yophunzitsa. Mwa kudziunjikira zokumana nazo, mutha kukulitsa mawu pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kusintha zomwe mumakonda kukhala bizinesi yaying'ono.