Walnut ndi chikhalidwe chakumwera. Mtengo wamtali, wofewawu umafuna kwambiri kutentha, chinyezi komanso kuwala.... Mwachikhalidwe, imakula ndikubala zipatso m'malo omwe kutentha kwapachaka sikutsika pansi + 10 ° C (Asia Minor ndi Central, Caucasus, Balkan Peninsula). Chifukwa chake, kulima kwa mtedza m'malo ambiri aku Russia kumakhala ndi zovuta zambiri. Njira yothetsera vutoli ikhoza kukhala kulima kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu malo oyamba pakati pawo ndi mtedza wabwino.
Kufotokozera za mtedza mitundu Abwino
Vuto lalikulu pakulima mtedza wachikhalidwe ndikachedwa kulowa mu zipatso. Nthawi zambiri, mmera umayamba kutulutsa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, ndipo nthawi zina mchaka cha khumi ndi chisanu cha moyo.... Chifukwa chake, mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 20, obereketsa adalandira ntchitoyi: kutulutsa ma walnuts omwe amakula msanga.
Vutoli lidathetsedwa mu 1947 ndi olima mtedza ochokera ku Fergana (Uzbekistan). Ulemu wotsegulira Mitundu Yabwino ndi ya woweta S.S. Kalmykov.
Mawonekedwe a Walnut amadziwika ndi izi:
kufotokozera kwathunthu | Mitundu yotsika pang'ono, sikukula kuposa 4-5 m. Makungwawo ndi otuwa, pa mphukira yazaka 2-3 - zofiirira, pa mphukira za pachaka - imvi wobiriwira, osakhala ndi pubescence pang'ono. Masamba ndi pinnate. Pa mphukira zam'mimba zimapezeka mozungulira, pazobala zipatso - m'munsi mwa mphukira sizikukula, ngati masikelo. |
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Kukula msanga | Amawonetsa zipatso zoyamba kale mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo. Zokolola zabwino zitha kupezeka mchaka chachisanu. |
Maluwa | Maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera oyera obiriwira, osonkhanitsidwa ndi burashi ya ma PC 9-15. Mungu wochokera, dioecious. |
Zipatso | Lalikulu (pafupifupi 10 g), chowulungika, ndi chipolopolo chochepa thupi. Kernel ndi yopepuka, yosavuta kuchotsa. Kutuluka kuchokera mu Seputembala mpaka Okutobala. |
Makhalidwe a fruiting | Imayang'anira kupanga mbewu ziwiri pachaka. |
Zotuluka | Kutalika, mpaka makilogalamu 120 pamtengo. |
Frost kukana | Kutalika, mpaka -35 ° C. |
Kukaniza matenda | Kulimbana ndi chlorosis. |
Kufuna nthaka | Amatha kukula panthaka ya acidic kapena yamchere. Silingalolere kupezeka kwapafupi kwamadzi apansi panthaka. |
Chifukwa chake, pakati pa zabwino za mtedza wabwino, mutha kulemba:
- kukhwima msanga;
- Zotuluka;
- Kuphatikizika kwa mtengo;
- chisanu kukana;
- kudzichepetsa;
- kukana kwa chlorosis;
- kuthekera kopanga mbewu ziwiri nyengo iliyonse.
Tsoka ilo, Mitundu Yabwino siyosiyana pakukhazikika poyerekeza mitundu yazikhalidwe. Ngati mtedza wamba ukhoza kukhala zaka zoposa 100, ndiye kuti ukukula mwachangu - pafupifupi 40-50.
Choyipa china ndikuti maluwawo, omwe amagwa pansi pa chisanu kubwerera kasupe, nthawi zambiri amawonongeka. Mwamwayi, kutha kwachiwiri pachimake kumakwaniritsa izi.
Maluwa achiwiri nthawi zambiri amayamba milungu 1-2 pambuyo pamafunde oyamba ndipo amatha chilimwe chonse. Chifukwa chake, magawo onse amatha kuwonedwa nthawi imodzi pamtengo umodzi munyengo: maluwa, mapangidwe ndi kucha kwa zipatso.
Zoswana
Mtedza wabwino umafalikira ndi mbewu kapena zokometsera. Njira yakumera kuchokera ku mbewu ndiyosangalatsa ndipo ili ndi chidwi.: mtedza ayenera kuikidwa mu dzenje pafupi wina ndi mnzake, zidutswa 4. Kenako mbewuzo zimakula limodzi ndikupanga chomera champhamvu komanso chosagonjetsedwa.
Zipatso za walnut zimafesedwa nyengo yachisanu isanafike kapena kasupe chisanu chikasungunuka. Pankhani yachiwiri, Ndikofunika kusanja mtedza mumchenga wonyowa kwa miyezi 1.5 kutentha kwa + 7 ° C ndi kubzala zophuka kale. Zipatso zimasindikizidwa m'mabowo akuya masentimita 10.
M'chaka choyamba, kukula kwa mbande kumachedwa pang'onopang'ono. Pofika nthawi yophukira, amakula mpaka masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Koma masika wotsatira, nati amawonetsa "kukula". Kutalika kwa mmera kupitirira mita, mutha kudikirira maluwa oyamba.
Ndi bwino kubzala walnuts ndi cuttings.... Njira yophukira imagwiritsidwanso ntchito, koma masamba olumikizidwa amatha kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira. Kulumikiza mtedza sikumayenda bwino nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake mumatha kupeza mbande zogulitsa zokha kuposa zotsalira.
Sapling kusankha
Komabe, posankha pakati pa mbande yokhazikika ndi yolumikizidwa, ndi bwino kusankha yotsirizira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'mabande ambiri omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku mbewu, zilembo sizikugwirizana ndi mitundu ya makolo. Walnut ndi chomera chochokera kumtundandipo mbewu sizingasungebe zokolola zake.
Mukamagula mmera, muyenera kusamala ndi momwe umakhalira. Kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa khungwa, mizu yofooka, kuvunda pamizu kuyenera kuchenjeza. Walnut kale salekerera kubzala bwino., ndipo zina "zowawa" zimatha kupangitsa kuti njirayi iphe mbeuyo.
Ndi bwino kusankha mbande ndi mizu yotseka. Kubzala kuchokera m'chidebe pamodzi ndi chotengera chadothi kumapangitsa kuti mizu ikule ndikulowetsa kwambiri.
Kukhoza kwa mtedza kuwoloka mungu kunalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti ziwonekere pamaziko a Cholinga cha mitundu yambiri yosakanikirana. Kuyesera bwino mbali iyi kunachitika ku Saratov, Krasnodar Territory ndi mzinda wa Slavyansk, Chigawo cha Donetsk.
Kudzala mtedza: malangizo ndi sitepe
Malo obzala mmera ayenera kukhala owala bwino komanso otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira yakumpoto. Walnut sangayime molimba, ndipo korona wake ukufalikira, chifukwa chake muyenera kubwerera osachepera 5 mita kuchokera kumitengo ina kapena nyumba zina.
Ngakhale kukana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Nthaka ya acidified, imva bwino pamiyeso ya sod-carbonate. Madambo onyowa onyowa sangamuyenerere.
Kubzala mmera wa mtedza kumaphatikizapo ntchito zingapo ndipo kumachitika malinga ndi chiwembuchi:
- Kukonzekera kwa nthaka:
- Patsiku lobzala mmera, dzenje limakumbidwa. Sikoyenera kuphika pasadakhale kuti dothi lisaume. Kukula kwa dzenje - 60 * 60 cm... Ngati dothi lisabereke, kukula kumawonjezeka mpaka 100 * 100 cm.
- Chonde chachonde chimachotsedwa ndikukumba dzenje, wothira peat ndi manyowa okhwima mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1.
- Kusakaniza kwa nthaka kumalimbikitsidwa ndi feteleza: ufa wa dolomite - 500 g, superphosphate - 600 g.
- Kukonzekera mmera ndi mizu yotseguka:
- Wolankhula zadothi amapangidwa: 1 gawo limodzi la manyowa owola kwathunthu, magawo atatu a dongo amatengedwa, osungunuka ndi madzi kuti akhale osasunthika komanso opangira mizu ("Heteroauxin" kapena "Kornevin") amawonjezeredwa.
- Mizu ya mmera imayikidwa mu bokosi lochezera ndipo anasiya kwa theka la ola kuti aume.
- Kubzala mmera:
- Kunsi kwa dzenje chithandizo chayikidwa... Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumatsanuliridwa mu chimulu.
- Mbeu imayikidwa pamwamba pa chitunda chodzala... Mizu yakumunsi imagawidwa m'mphepete mwa malo otsetsereka ndikuphimbidwa mosamala ndi nthaka yachonde. Pamwambapa amaikidwa mozungulira - kotero kuti kuzama kwa zochitika zawo kumakhala m'chigawo cha masentimita 7-8.
- Udindo wa kolala wazu umayang'aniridwa... Iyenera kukhala 3-5 cm pamwamba panthaka.
- Mmera wakhazikika kuthandizira.
- Thunthu la thunthu limathiriridwa ndipo mulched.
Ngati mmera wa chidebe udagulidwa, ndiye kuti umangofunika kuchotsedwa pachidebecho pamodzi ndi dothi lanthaka ndikupititsa kudzenje lobzala. Pambuyo pake, tsekani ndi dothi lokonzekera ndi madzi.
Nthawi yabwino kubzala walnuts ndi masika. Ngati mmera wabzalidwa kugwa, izi ziyenera kuchitika pasanathe mwezi umodzi chisanachitike chisanu.
Kusamalira mukatera
Patatha milungu iwiri mutabzala, mmera umayenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi - malita 15-20... Ngati derali silikhala la chinyezi chokwanira, mtsogolomu, kuyang'anira mosamala boma lazomwe zili pafupi kudzafunika. Kuthirira kumafunika nthawi zonse, koma osati mopitirira muyeso.
Mmera wa walnut Abwino amafunikira korona. Ngati kubzala kunachitika mchaka, mutha kudulira koyamba nthawi yomweyo. Ngati kugwa, mutha kuzengeleza mpaka masika. M'munda wamba, mtedza umapangidwa kukhala "mbale"... Kuti muchite izi, sankhani nthambi zabwino za mafupa 3-4 ndikudula oyendetsa chapakati pamwambapa.
M'tsogolomu, kudulira kumafunika kuchitika chaka chilichonse. Mfundo yayikulu ndikupereka kuwunikira kokwanira pazigawo zonse za korona. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani nthambi zonse zakale komanso zowirira. Walnuts amabala zipatso pakukula kwapachaka, ndipo ndi omwe amafunika kupatsidwa dzuwa kwambiri.
Pofuna kupewa matenda a fungal, mtengowo umapopera madzi ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi.
Pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, nati imayimitsidwa kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti. Kumapeto kwa Seputembala, zipatso zonse zimachotsedwa ndipo nsonga zobiriwira za mphukira zimadulidwa... Njirayi imakakamiza mbewuyo kuti isinthe mphamvu kuchokera pakukula mpaka kusasitsa nkhuni.
Ndemanga zamaluwa okonda masewera
M'dera lathu la Primorsky, mtedza wa Ideal udapulumuka nyengo yachisanu yokhala ndi madigiri makumi atatu ndipo umabala zipatso chaka chilichonse. Adatola zidebe 4-5 pamitengo iwiri. Sindikudziwa zaka za mitengoyo, tinagula nawo gawo. Malo olima
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri - carpal, kukula koyambirira. Ndizomvetsa chisoni, ndizovuta kuzipeza mu mawonekedwe ake "oyera". Pali ma hybridi ambiri ofunikira. Komanso carp, koma mtedza siuli choncho. Masewera-mphesa
Mu February-Marichi, panali nyengo "yoyaka" mdera la Moscow. Makungwawo ankatenthedwa mpaka 15º masana, ndipo usiku adagwidwa ndi chisanu. Walnut Abwino amakhala osazindikira, ozizira pamwamba pa chivundikiro cha chisanu. Ndikofunika kutsuka kutalika kwa bole. Msonkhano wa Anastasia
Mapeto
Kulima mtedza ku Middle Lane kapena kwina kulikonse osati kumwera kwa Russia Ndizovuta kwenikweni. Zosiyanasiyana zabwino zimathetsa bwino. Inde, monga dzuwa limakhala ndi mawanga, momwemonso Zabwino zimatha kukhala zolakwika. Koma mavuto ambiri amatha kupewedwa posunga malamulo aukadaulo waulimi wachikhalidwe chodabwitsa ichi.