Kugwiritsa ntchito malowa pachaka pakulima mbewu zosiyanasiyana kumafooketsa nthaka. Kuti abwezeretse chonde chake, amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza nthawi ndi nthawi. Kompositi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yopezeka kwambiri yazakudya yomwe imakhala ndi michere yambiri. Manyowa otere amatha kupangidwa mdzikolo ndi manja anu.
Kodi kompositi ndi chiyani
Kompositi ndi imodzi mwazinthu za feteleza zomwe zimatha kukololedwa pawokha, pogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zapanyumba ndi mbewu. Kupangidwa kwapamwamba kwambiri komwe kumakhala ndi mchere komanso zinthu zofunikira kwambiri ndizofanana ndi humus. Kusakaniza kwa michere kumakonzedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zakuthupi motsogozedwa ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi. Mulu wa kompositi umadziwika ndi chamoyo chamoyo. Njira yosinthira zinyalala kukhala chinthu chopatsa thanzi imapezeka chifukwa chokhala ndi tizilombo tambiri.
Kumanga kompositi si ntchito yolemetsa, koma ukadaulo uli ndi zina. Mapangidwe olondola okha ndi omwe amatha kubwezeretsanso mphamvu ya nthaka, kukulitsa chonde komanso kukonza kapangidwe kake. Pali maphikidwe ndi njira zambiri zokolola feteleza. Mlimi aliyense wodziwa ntchito amakhala ndi zinsinsi zake zokha, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zina, kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zina, ndi zina zambiri.
Kwa iwo omwe sanasamalire kukonza dzenje la kompositi pasadakhale, ma humus omwe amapakidwa amaperekedwa. Koma musanagule, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zambiri za wopanga, apo ayi mutha kupeza zotsatira zosalowererapo kapena zoyipa mutathira feteleza padziko lapansi.
Zimapangidwa ndi chiyani
Ngakhale zitakhala zokopa bwanji kugula kompositi yokonzeka, mutha kungokhulupirira zomwe mwadzikonzera nokha. Kuti mupeze fetereza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito:
- kuwononga ndi kuyeretsa masamba / zipatso;
- mazira (omwe ndi mazira omwe sanalandirepo kutentha);
- moŵa wa tiyi, malo a khofi;
- dulani udzu;
- masamba owuma;
- peat;
- manyowa a ziweto, ndowe za mbalame;
- nthambi zoonda, zimayambira;
- mapepala, nsalu zachilengedwe, nthenga (zopangira zopindika);
- udzu, zometa, mankhusu a mbewu.
Zonse kapena gawo la zosakaniza zimadzazidwa m'bokosi kapena dzenje mwadongosolo linalake. Kuti muyambe kuyeseza, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa dongosolo labwino la kutentha komanso chinyezi chambiri.
Zosakaniza izi siziyenera kuyikidwa mu kompositi kapena dzenje:
- zinyalala zamasamba ndi zipatso zotenthedwa (mwa iwo mulibe zinthu zina zothandiza, kapangidwe kake kadzakhala kopanda thanzi);
- udzu (mitundu yonse ya namsongole imakhala ndi poizoni kapena poizoni zomwe zimawononga nthaka ndi mbewu);
- zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi matenda aliwonse kapena tizilombo (kompositi yokhala ndi chinthu choterechi imayambitsa kufalikira kwa matenda panthaka ndi zomera);
- zinthu zopangira (sichikhala pakuwonongeka ndikuwonongeka);
- zinyalala zipatso (mafuta ofunikira amaletsa kuwonongeka, ma crusts ambiri amatha kuwonjezera acidity ya nthaka).
Malinga ndi mphekesera zotchuka, mutha kuwonjezera ndowe za agalu, amphaka, komanso zodzitumizira zimbudzi ku manyowa. Akatswiri samalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zamtunduwu, chifukwa nyongolotsi zomwe zimawononga thanzi la anthu zimapezeka m'zinyalala za nyama. Pokhala m'malo otentha komanso achinyezi, amapulumuka mwangwiro, kenako amakhala ndi raspberries, strawberries ndi zipatso zina.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Kuti mumvetsetse zabwino zonse zogwiritsira ntchito kompositi, muyenera kuganizira momwe zimakhudzira nthaka ndi zomera.
- Manyowawa amakhala ndi mchere wochuluka kwambiri komanso amafufuza zinthu molingana. Ikamalowa m'nthaka, zimachitika mwachangu kagayidwe kachakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusowa kwa zinthu zomwe zikusoweka kumalipidwa nthawi yomweyo.
- Zinthu zachilengedwe, zikaphatikizidwa ndi dothi, zimapanga gawo limodzi. Pambuyo kuthirira mwamphamvu kapena mvula, micronutrients imakhalabe pamtunda, mosiyana ndi feteleza wamafuta, omwe amakhala m'malo ozama kwambiri panthaka.
- Manyowa ndi abwino kwa chinyezi ndi mpweya, zomwe zimamuthandiza kukonza kapangidwe ka nthaka m'mbali zakumtunda. Izi ndizofunikira pakukula kwamizu.
- Manyowa ali ndi humus wambiri, zomwe zimachulukitsa chonde padziko lapansi.
- Ndizosatheka kudyetsa zomera ndi zinthu zofunikira. Zida zonse ndizochilengedwe. Amakumana ndi kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe popanda kutseka nthaka ndi poizoni wosiyanasiyana.
- Manyowa opangidwa ndi feteleza ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri Njira yolemeretsa nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza.
Manyowa alibe zovuta. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mukakonza mulu wa manyowa kapena dzenje, muyenera kusankha malo kutali ndi malo osangalalira ndi kunyumba, popeza kuwola kumatsagana ndi kutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, chinthuchi chimakopa ntchentche, nyerere ndi tizilombo tina. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa bokosi lapadera, lomwe lili ndi zitseko, kudzakuthandizani kupewa mavuto okhala mdera loterolo. Kupatula mulu wa kompositi motere kumathandizanso kukongoletsa; ngodya yatsambalo siziwoneka ngati yosalala.
Momwe mungapangire DIY compost bin
Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndowe yopangira manyowa kuti mupange malo oti musonkhanitsidwe zinyalala kuti mupeze feteleza. Sikovuta kupanga malo osungira, kutsatira malamulo osavuta.
Zofunikira pomanga malo
Kuti chidebe chopangidwa chikwaniritse zofunikira zonse, mukamasonkhanitsa, ndi bwino kuganizira mfundo zofunika:
- makoma am'mbali ayenera kukhala ndi mabowo omwe amalola kufalikira kwa mpweya (mipata ya 2 cm ikhoza kutsalira pakati pa matabwa);
- palibe chinthu chonga pansi pa bokosi;
- kupezeka kwa chivindikiro kumalepheretsa kuyenda kwamadzi pakagwa mvula yambiri (chinyezi chowonjezera chimapangitsa kukula kwa bowa);
- gawo lotsika la bokosilo liyenera kutseguka kuti zitsimikizire kuti feteleza amamwa (kuchokera pansipa, mawonekedwewo amakula msanga).
Zida zopangira feteleza
Mabala ndi matabwa amasankhidwa kuti apange kompositi. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito zishango zamatabwa. M'malo movala chivundikiro chamatabwa, chimango chimakulungidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena polycarbonate chimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukonzekera kwa zinthu za chidebecho kumachitika ndi ma hardware ndi maulumikizidwe (kutsegula zidutswa).
Mulingo woyenera wa bokosi: kutalika - 1 m, m'lifupi - 1.2 m.
Kupanga malangizo
- Chotsani malo okhala ndi zinyalala za zinyalala ndi kuchotsa zinyalala za mbeu. Chitani chizindikiro molingana ndi zojambulazo.
- Kumbani mabowo m'makona akuya masentimita 35-50 kuti muyike zogwirizizazo.
- Ikani zothandizirazo m'maenjewo, ziwasanjikizeni mozungulira ndikuphimba ndi miyala mpaka theka lakuya. Gawo lotsalira pamwamba pa nthaka limatsanulidwa ndi simenti.
- Pakatha masiku 1-2 simenti itayikidwa, tsekani simenti ndi nthaka.
- Lumikizani zothandizira pamwamba ndi pansi ndi mipiringidzo (mbali 4).
- Dulani chimango ndi matabwa ozungulira gawo, ndikusiya mipata ya 2 cm yolumikizira mpweya. Kumbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri, muyenera kulumikiza bolodi kumadalira omwe ali pansi kuti athe kutsegula feteleza.
- Konzekeretsani pamwamba ndi chivindikiro chotsegulira chomwe chagwetsedwa kuchokera m'mabungwe angapo popanda mipata.
Musanasonkhanitse bokosilo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizisamalira zinthu zonse zamatabwa ndi mankhwala othandiza kuteteza nkhuni ku nkhungu ndi cinoni.
Momwe mungapangire mulu wa kompositi
Monga njira, konzani mulu wa kompositi m'makona ena obisika a tsambalo. Mulu satanthauza kutaya zinyalala mosasintha, koma kusanja kwadongosolo kwa zinyalala. Ndi bwino kusankha malo mumthunzi, padzuwa zida zake zidzauma. Pogona pamthunziwu pamakhala chinyezi chofunikira, chomwe chimathandizira pakuwonongeka. Nyongolotsi, nsabwe zamatabwa ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timathandizanso kuwonongeka.
Zida zoyenera
Mulu wa kompositi udzafunika peat (monga zofunda) ndi kubwezeretsa organic kuphatikiza:
- nthambi zazitsulo ndi zimayambira za zomera;
- zinyalala za kukhitchini ndi zapanyumba;
- pepala laling'ono ndi zidutswa za nsalu;
- udzu, udzu;
- manyowa, ndi zina.
Pofuna kuzungulira muluwo mozungulira, nyemba kapena zitsamba zokongoletsera zimabzalidwa... Muthanso kutchinga malowa ndi mpanda wotsika.
Ukadaulo wophika mdziko muno
Kukonzekera kwa mulu wa kompositi kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, kupatula nyengo yozizira. Kuti muchite izi, dothi losanjikiza la 20 cm limachotsedwa mdera lomwe lasankhidwa ndipo kufukulako kumadzaza ndi peat (wosanjikiza wa 10 cm). Peat pillow itha kuthana ndi kutchinjiriza komwe kumalepheretsa kutayikira kwa michere komanso pepala lofolerera kapena polyethylene. Kenako, ikani zigawo zonse m'magawo
Ndizosatheka kutaya zinyalala zonse mwachisawawa, njira yothira singachitike kapena zosakaniza zimangowola ndikudzazidwa ndi bowa. Ikani zigawozo m'njira yoti zigawo zikuluzikulu zimasinthana ndi zowuma. Kukula kwa zomera zobiriwira kumayenera kukhala mkati mwa 20 cm, manyowa ndi chakudya cha mafupa - 5 cm, zinyalala zapakhomo - 15 cm.
Mulu wolinganizidwa bwino uli ndi zotsalira za 70%, mpaka 10% ya nthaka, mpaka manyowa 20% kapena zinthu zina zonse. Alimi ena amalimbikitsa kuphimba gawo lililonse ndi mipira yachonde (5-7 cm). Pamwamba pake pamakutidwa ndi udzu kapena udzu, mutathirira muluwu ndi yankho lotentha potengera zitosi za mbalame kapena manyowa.
Pamulu wa kompositi, zone imagawidwa ndimiyeso: m'lifupi - 1.2-1.5 m, kutalika - 1-1.2 m.
Kukalamba
Zikhomo zama organic zimakhwima pafupifupi miyezi 8. Mlimi aliyense amavomereza kuti iyi ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri, chifukwa chake, njira yotulukamo imapezeka pamagulu angapo a ma kompositi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwapadera, komwe, chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, kumathandizira kuwonongeka. Komanso, kusasitsa kwa kompositi ndizotheka m'matumba.
Zoterezi zimapangidwa pamaziko azachilengedwe; sangathe kuwononga nthaka kapena zomera. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera Embiko Compost (Gringo) kumatsimikizira kucha kwa feteleza m'masabata 6-8 okha.
Momwe mungadziwire ngati kompositi yakonzeka
Manyowa omalizidwa amatha kudziwika ndi mtundu wakuda wa kapangidwe kake. Iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yonyowa, osatulutsa fungo. Manyowa apsa amamva fumbi ngati nthaka ya m'nkhalango.
Kutsatira malamulo opangira manyowa, mutha kubzala zipatso zanu ndi manja anu osagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zowonjezera feteleza wokonzeka.