Tomato ndi mbewu zosapatsa zomwe ndizosavuta kusamalira, koma kuti musapeze zipatso zazing'ono kapena matenda, muyenera kulabadira chikhalidwe. Chomeracho chimayankha bwino pakumwa madzi nthawi zonse ndi kudyetsa, olima munda opindulitsa ndi zokolola zochuluka. M'mbuyomu, tikambirana za chisamaliro choyenera cha tomato mutabzala panja.
Magawo osamalira tomato mutabzala pansi
Mukasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikubzala mbande m'munda wa phwetekere, m'pofunika kupereka chisamaliro cha panthawi yake, chomwe chimakhala chopatsa chomeracho zakudya ndi chinyezi. Kuphatikiza pa zosowa zoyambirira, pali ena omwe alibe mphamvu zochepa pakukula. Zovuta za ntchitoyi zitha kupezeka m'nkhaniyi.
Kutsirira koyenera
Tomato amachitanso chimodzimodzi pakuchepa kwa chinyezi, motero kuthirira kumachitika nthaka ikauma. Musanayambe maluwa, mafupipafupi ndi nthawi 1 pa sabata, popanga zipatso, kuthirira kumawonjezeka mpaka 2-3 sabata. Kutentha kotentha masana, muyenera kuthirira nthaka tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lililonse (yang'anani kukula kwa nthaka). Njirazi ziyenera kuchitika m'mawa kwambiri kapena madzulo. Madzulo ndiabwino, chifukwa chinyezi chimakhalabe muntunda nthawi yayitali, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chomeracho chizikhala bwino.
Kukonzekera njira yothirira, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa adzagwa kapena mobisa Baibulo... Kuwaza kumanyowetsa nsonga, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda am'fungus, makamaka zowola za apical. Kuthirira kumathanso kuchitidwa pamzu kapena m'mitsinje. Pofuna kupewa matenda, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere phulusa pamadzi. Ndipo pamene thumba losunga mazira likuwonekera, ufa wa phulusa umawazidwa kuzungulira tchire kuti upeze zipatso zabwino.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi kuti mumveke bwino. Njira yabwino yothetsera kutentha ndi yoyenera. Mtengo wamadzi pachitsamba ndi malita 8-10.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, kuthirira kumalumikizidwa ndikuyika mavalidwe am'mbuyomu. Pachifukwa ichi, feteleza amchere amasungunuka m'madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zonse ziwiri imachepetsedwa.
Grassing tomato
Olima minda ena amanyalanyaza njira yothina tomato, poganiza kuti chitsamba chambiri komanso mphukira zambiri zimawonjezera zokolola. Pamenepo chomeracho sichikhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira thumba losunga mazira onse, Chifukwa chake, zipatso nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa zazing'ono kapena sizikhala ndi nthawi yakupsa. Vutoli limathetsedwa pochotsa mphukira zopanda ntchito. Izi zichitike akadali ang'ono (3-5 cm). Ngati nthawi yatayika, ndipo akula kale, ndiye kuti sizingakhale zomveka kukanikiza pang'ono.
Njirayi imachitika koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Ana onse opeza amachotsedwa kuthengo, ndikusiya masamba 2-3 pamwamba pa zipatso. Nthawi zina zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni kuchotsa inflorescence, koma izi zidzakhala zabwino za zipatso zakucha (zidzakhala zazikulu kwambiri).
Njira ina yolumikizira ndikuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo masiku khumi aliwonse. Poterepa, njira imodzi yopangira tchire imasankhidwa: mu tsinde limodzi, awiri kapena atatu. Kusankha kutengera zosiyanasiyana.
Kupopera mbewu motsutsana ndi tizirombo ndi kudyetsa
Mabedi okhala ndi tomato sayenera kupopedwa osati kokha kupezeka tizilombo, komanso popewa, popeza pakati pa mbewu za nightshade, tomato ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Momwe mungapoperare mumafunsa?
Pa siteji yobzala, mizu ya mbande imathiridwa mu yankho la mankhwala ophera tizilombo (mwachitsanzo, Aktara) kuteteza motsutsana ndi ma wireworms, kafadala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Nyengo isanakwane, mabedi amathandizidwa pafupipafupi ndi fungicidal kukonzekera (Quadris, Ridomil Gold), yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda a fungal.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba. Kupopera tchire ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mankhusu a anyezi, phulusa la nkhuni, ndi adyo zimawoneka ngati zothandiza. Kuti muwopsyeze tizilombo, zotsekemera kuchokera ku zomera zonunkhira ndizoyenera: mankhwala chamomile, chowawa, calendula, ndi zina.
Muyenera kudyetsa tomato katatu konse nthawi yokula. Pa nthaka yopanda michere, izi zimachitika mwadongosolo milungu iwiri iliyonse. Feteleza ntchito zonse organic ndi mchere. Mavitamini omwe ali nawo ayenera kukhala osachepera potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Ndi feteleza wochuluka bwanji amene ayenera kuwonjezeredwa pokonza?Chimodzi mwazomwe mungasankhe chimapereka izi:
- 50-60 gr. superphosphate;
- 30-40 gr. potaziyamu mankhwala enaake;
- 15 gr. ammonium nitrate;
- 10 malita a madzi.
Ngati kukhetsedwa kwa inflorescence ndi mazira ochuluka kumawoneka, chomeracho chimasowa zinthu zina (boron). Mutha kukonzekera yankho kuchokera ku boric acid (1 g) ndi madzi (1 L). Dulani masamba masana.
Chikhalidwe chimayankha bwino yankho la manyowa a nkhuku. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta omwe amakhala ndi zinthu zina monga magnesium, boron, mkuwa, zinc. Zithandizo zotchuka ndi izi: Mphunzitsi NPK-17.6.18, Kristallon et al.
Kudzaza ndi kumasula
Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, ndibwino kuti amasule nthaka pang'ono (kumiza kumiza pafupifupi 3 cm). Izi zimathandizira kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka, zimatsegula mwayi wopeza mpweya. Kutsegulira koyamba kumatha kuchitika pambuyo pothirira mbewu yoyamba. Nthawi zonse ndondomekoyi ndi nthawi imodzi m'masiku 10-14. Tchire likamakula komanso timipata tating'onoting'ono, kumasuka kumatha kuimitsidwa.
Ndizomveka kuphatikiza njira yomasula ndi kupalira. Namsongole amakopa tizirombo, kupanga shading kwa tomato, kotero kulimbana nawo ndikofunikira.
Pofuna kulimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu yowonjezera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizungulire tchire la phwetekere. Amapanga kuchokera pansi pa tsinde, koma m'nthaka yonyowa. Kugwedeza nthaka pansi pa chomeracho kuyenera kukhala kangapo pachaka. Njira yoyamba imachitika masabata 2-3 mutabzala mbande. Nthawi yachiwiri yokwera m'mabedi imachitika pambuyo pa milungu iwiri. Pofuna kuti asavulaze tomato, mwambowu uphatikizidwa ndi kumasula ndi kupalira.
Kupanga tchire la phwetekere ndikuswa masamba
Ndikofunikira kupanga tchire kokha muzomera zomwe zimakonda nthambi. Ngati zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi kukula kwa tsinde limodzi, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chochitira izi.
Pali njira zingapo zopangira tchire:
- mu tsinde limodzi;
- mu zimayambira ziwiri;
- mu zimayambira zitatu.
Poganiza zosankha, ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe zinthu ziliri komanso nyengo zanyengo. Kumwera chakumaloko, nthambi zimatha kusiya phwetekere. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zipatso zomwe sizipangidwe pamtengo waukulu zimakhala zochepa.
Posankha njira imodzi ana onse opeza omwe afika kutalika kwa masentimita 3-5 ayenera kuchotsedwa.Kuti mupewe phwetekere kuti isagwetse maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidule mphukira zomwe zakula pansi pamaburashiwo.
Ngati phwetekere imapangidwa kukhala zimayambira ziwiri, ndiye muyenera kusiya mphukira yotsatira, yomwe idapangidwa pafupi ndi burashi yoyamba. Ndipo posankha njira yachitatu, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya mwana wamwamuna wopeza yemwe akutukuka kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kuchotsa mphukira zowonjezereka nthawi zonse, chokhacho chomwe chingalepheretse njirayi ndi kutentha. Zikatero, chomeracho sichimalola kuvulala kulikonse.
Dulani mphukira mosamala kwambiri, muzigwira ndi chala chanu chachikulu ndi chala cham'mbuyo. Simuyenera kudzikokera nokha, koma mwamphamvu kumbali. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni ndi tsamba lakuthwa. Mukamudula mwana wopeza, musakhudze tsinde lalikulu, ndi bwino kusiya 1-2 mm ya mphukira yomwe yachotsedwa.
Kuphimba nthaka
Kubwezeretsa nthaka ndi mulch kumapangitsa kuti muchepetse kuthirira, kupalira ndi kumasula. Kusunga koteroko ndikofunikira kwa nzika zam'chilimwe zomwe zimayendera masamba kumapeto kwa sabata. Kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa mphamvu pantchitoyi, dothi limatetezedwa kuti lisaume.
Kutheka kwa mulching kumatha kuyesedwa kutengera izi:
- kuchepa kukula kwa udzu (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa udzu);
- kukhazikika kutentha boma ndi chinyezi cha nthaka;
- chitetezo kuchokera evaporation wa chinyezi;
- kupewa mapangidwe kutumphuka pamtunda;
- ziphuphu Amabzalidwa bwino pansi pa mtundu wa ubweya waubweya, womwe umapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yosasunthika.
Peat, masamba owuma kapena udzu, utuchi umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch. Kompositi yovunda ndiyabwino. M'madipatimenti akumunda a ma hypermarket masiku ano mutha kugula mulch yokumba, yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mzere womwe uyikidwe uyenera kukhala wa masentimita 6-8, kotero kuti kuwala kumadutsa mwakachetechete. Izi zidzateteza kukula kwa namsongole.
Pozungulira bedi la tomato mosamala, m'pofunika kuwona muyeso mukamwetsa ndi kuthira feteleza, apo ayi mutha kupeza zotsutsana. Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amadziwa zosowa za mbewu mwa mawonekedwe, chifukwa chake 2-3 pa sabata muyenera kungoyang'ana tchire. Ndiye vuto lililonse lodziwika lidzakhala losavuta kupeza kapena kuthetsa.