Nthaka, monga mukudziwa, ndiye maziko azinthu zonse zamoyo ndikukula padzikoli, maziko a moyo. Kuti mphamvu zake zisaume, chonde m'nthaka chiyenera kubwezeretsedwanso, ndipo ogwira ntchito ofunikira kwambiri ndi nyongolotsi. Chilichonse chanzeru ndichophweka kwambiri - mtundu wa nthaka, chonde chawo ndi zokolola zambiri zimadalira zonyansa za mbozi wamba. Momwe mungasamalire kunyumba, momwe mungadyetsere ndi zomwe mungadyetse komanso chisamaliro chotani chomwe chidzafotokozedwenso.
Zifukwa zoberekera nyongolotsi kunyumba
Kuswana mphutsi kunyumba sikovuta konse. Mlanduwo ukhoza kukhala bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo pali zifukwa ziwiri izi:
- zokwawa zimachuluka mofulumira kwambiri, kupeza zitsamba zothandiza ndipo ndi chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha nkhuku (minda ya nkhuku, minda ya nkhuku ndi kupanga mazira);
- Zotsatira za moyo wogwira ntchito ndi biohumus - feteleza wabwino kwambiri komanso wosamalira zachilengedwe m'minda ndi malo obiriwira.
Kuphatikiza apo, mu pharmacology, nyama zanyama izi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito vermicompost m'malo am'nyumba komanso mabanja kudzawonjezera kwambiri kupanga dzira la nkhuku, chonde m'nthaka, kukulitsa zokolola zamasamba ndi zipatso osagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamankhwala.
Zosiyanasiyana za annelids
Omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi ma bristle annelids ndi nyongolotsi. Koma ndizo, zomwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe, zomwe sizoyenera kuberekanso m'malo opangira. Oimira ma subspecies awa amaberekana pang'onopang'ono, movutikira kusintha kuzikhalidwe zatsopano ndi chakudya chosazolowereka, amakhala pang'ono. Iwo, mwina, ali oyenera kungodzipangira zosowa zawo za pafamu yakumbuyo.
Pofuna kulima mafakitale ndikupanga vermicompost, wasayansi waku Russia, Pulofesa AM Igonin adapanga mtundu wapadera "Prospector". Mwa kudutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yokhala patali lokwanira kuchokera kwina ndi kwina, adatha kupeza anthu okhala ndi mikhalidwe yatsopano:
- moyo wautali - kuyambira 4 mpaka 16 zaka;
- kuchulukana mofulumira;
- imalola mosavuta kusintha kwa chakudya (chakudya chamtundu uliwonse chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito - kuyambira masamba akugwa ndi udzu kupita ku zinyalala za anthu).
Ofufuzawa amasintha mwachangu momwe angathere kubereka ndikupanga chiwongola dzanja chachikulu ndi humus.
Mitundu ina yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga mafakitale ndi nyongolotsi yofiira yaku California. Anthu a KKC amaberekanso mofulumira kwambiri, amachulukitsa unyinji wothandiza, amasintha zinyalala zosiyanasiyana za moyo wa anthu kukhala vermicompost, amakhala ngati chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha mapuloteni m'minda yamaulimi ndi nsomba.
Tekinoloje yoswana m'nyumba
Zida zofunikira ndi malo oberekera
Ngati mwasankha kuyamba kuswana mphutsi, muyenera kuchita ntchito yokonzekera - sankhani ndikukonzekera malo kapena chidebe. Makontena amatha kukhala matabwa, pulasitiki kapena makatoni (zikuwonekeratu kuti zotengera zamakatoni ziyenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi), milu.
Amayikidwa m khola, garaja, malo ena aliwonse apadera omwe angathe kutsatira zofunikira - gawo la chinyezi limakhala 70-80% ndipo kutentha kumachokera 12-15zaKuyambira mpaka 22-24zaC. Muthanso kubzala mphutsi mumulu wamba wa manyowa, dzenje.
Njira imodzi yabwino ndikugwiritsira ntchito mabokosi awiri kapena atatu opakidwa pamwamba. Chotsikitsitsa chimakhala ndi mabowo m'mbali mwenimweni mwa matupi ake. Bokosili limapangidwira vermicom - gawo lamadzi la vermicompost. Bokosi lokhala ndi makoma opindika ndipo pansi pake limayikidwa pamwamba pake, chopatsa thanzi cha nyongolotsi chimayikidwamo ndipo anthu amakhala ndi anthu, pamwamba pa mabokosiwo muyenera kuphimba mabokosiwo ndi burlap kapena nsalu ina "yopumira", popeza creepers amakonda malo amdima komanso achinyezi.
Kupanga nyongolotsi
Mutha kubereketsa anthu mumsewu, m'munda momwemo, kulekanitsa malo ena ndikuwateteza ndi matabwa kapena zinthu zina zomwe zilipo.
Kukula kwake kwa nyongolotsi: m'lifupi 1-1.2m, kutalika 30-40cm, kutalika mosasinthasintha. Kakhungu kakang'ono ka kompositi kamayikidwa pansi, kofufutidwa komanso kothira bwino. Kenako ikani mulu wa kompositi zinthu zololeza mpweya kwa masiku 5-7.
Itha kukhala burlap yakale, makatoni, udzu wosanjikiza, womwe umafunika kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndi mvula kapena madzi okhazikika (osachepera masiku 2-3).
Chlorine iyenera kutuluka kwathunthu, chifukwa ndi poizoni wa mphutsi zamtundu uliwonse.
Pambuyo pa sabata pabwalo lililonse. m, mpumulo umapangidwa momwe zokwawa zimayikidwa, ndipo nyongolotsiyo imakutanso ndi zinthu zopumira.
Kukonzekera kompositi
Zosakaniza za manyowa owola, zitosi za nkhuku, peat, udzu, masamba ndi mapesi a masamba ndi udzu, zipolopolo za dzira loswedwa ndi zinyalala zodyera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kompositi yoyika mabokosi kapena maenje.
Mulimonsemo palibe manyowa atsopano omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ali ndi ammonia ambiri ndipo anthu amafa. Manyowa owola azaka 2-3 sadzakhalanso othandiza, chifukwa alibe michere.
Zida zonse zofunikira kuswana zimasonkhanitsidwa pamulu (kapena pamalo osankhidwa mwapadera), wokutidwa ndipo, osungunuka nthawi ndi nthawi, amasungidwa kwa miyezi 1.5-2.
Munda wa vermi weniweni
Ngati mungaganize zokhala ndi famu yanu ya nyongolotsi, ndiye, choyambirira, muyenera kukonzekera malo oti muzisunga nyongolotsi, muzisunga pamakontena, konzani kompositi ndikupatseni malo abwino oswana.
Kugulidwa kwa broodstock ndikofunikira. Mitundu yoyenera kwambiri, monga tanenera kale, ndi nyongolotsi zofiira ku California kapena ofufuza. Banja limodzi ndi anthu 1500. Pofuna kudzaza mita imodzi kiyubiki. mamita wa kompositi, mabanja 1-3 a broodstock amafunika.
Kusamukira kumalo atsopano kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri. Choyamba, anthu ochepa amapatsidwa dothi laling'ono lokonzedwa m'mbale zosiyana, nthaka imakulungidwa ndipo mbale zatsekedwa. Pakapita masiku angapo, onjezerani chakudya. Ngati nyongolotsi zonse zimagwira ntchito, zoyenda, zofiira, ziweto zonse zitha kulowetsedwa. Ngati anthu akufa apezeka, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kukonza acidity ya nthaka (malo abwino kwambiri amawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha asidi cha 6.5-7.5 PH).
Momwe mungadyetse nyongolotsi
Nthaka zamadzimadzi ndi ndiwo zamasamba zenizeni ndipo sizilekerera zakudya zamapuloteni: nyama, nsomba, mazira. Pogula broodstock, m'pofunika kudziwa zomwe wogulitsa amadyetsa zipinda zake, chifukwa chofala kwambiri ndi chakudya chomwe adayesapo "kuyambira pakubadwa". Komabe, amazolowera zakudya zatsopano, makamaka Prospectors. Zimatenga nthawi kuti muzolowere mtundu wina wazakudya, chifukwa chake, zida zatsopano ziyenera kulowetsedwa pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono, kuti mphutsi zizolowere.
Monga chovala chapamwamba, zotsalira zazomera, masamba a mbatata, masamba a kabichi, zinyalala zosiyanasiyana za chakudya kuchokera kukhitchini komwe zimayambira mbewu, tiyi ndi khofi, maudzu, udzu, mkate wouma ndi oyenera. Chilichonse chomwe mungawonjezere pamulu wa kompositi ndi chomwe chiyenera kupukutidwa kuti chikonzeke mosavuta komanso mwachangu ndi omwe akuyenda. Kupanda kutero, njira ya acidification, nayonso mphamvu kapena kuwola kwa zinthu zitha kuyamba.
Muyenera kuyidyetsa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Thirani mavalidwe onse pamwamba pamabokosi kapena milu, mofanana, masentimita 7-10, mpaka makulidwe a humus osakanizidwa afike 50-60 masentimita ndipo gawo lapansi limakhala ngati masamba osakanikirana. Nthawi yozungulira ndi miyezi 3-4 kuyambira nthawi yokhazikika ziweto.
Kusamalira ndi kubereka
Chisamaliro chachikulu m'mafamu a nyongolotsi kapena m'malo osungira nyongolotsi ndikuwona momwe kutentha kumakhalira, kudyetsa panthawi yake, ndikusungabe chinyezi mukathiriridwa ndi mvula yofunda kapena madzi okhazikika.
M'mikhalidwe yabwino, nyongolotsi zimayamba kuchulukana. Mu kompositi, amagona zigoba - mipira yaying'ono yachikasu-mchenga. Zikwa zonse zimakhala ndi mazira angapo, omwe nyongolotsi zazing'ono zimawonekera patatha milungu 2-3, ndipo pambuyo pa milungu 7-8 ali okonzeka kuberekanso ana. Atsogoleri osapitilira muyeso wobereka ndi Prospectors - munthu m'modzi amabala ana 1,500 pachaka.
Misika yotheka kugulitsa
Kuchuluka kwa nyongolotsi kumatha kukhala bizinesi yopindulitsa ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi msika wazogulitsidwa ndikuwonjezera ziweto pasadakhale.
- Vermicompost ndi feteleza wosasamala zachilengedwe, wogwira ntchito kwambiri pakukula kwa zokolola, mbande zomwe zikukula, maluwa, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ogula biohumus atha kukhala minda, malo obiriwira, malo osungira maluwa, komanso amalonda wamba omwe akuchita nawo kuswana.
- Live biomass ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chopatsa thanzi cha nkhuku ndi nkhuku.
- Chakudya chamoyo chamtundu wa nyongolotsi ndichofunikira kwambiri paminda yamafuta.
- Nyongolotsi zikufunika kwambiri ngati chakudya chanyama cha m'masitolo ogulitsa zinyama.
Kupanga phindu
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa alimi apakhungu wapadziko lapansi, phindu la famu ya mbozi ili mkati mwa 150%. Prospector m'modzi pachaka amapatsa ana a anthu 1500 ndi pafupifupi 100 kg ya feteleza wofunika kwambiri - biohumus. Kuchokera pa tonni imodzi ya kompositi yotuta, mutha kukhala ndi makilogalamu 600 a feteleza wabwino kwambiri ndi makilogalamu 10-15 a anthu atsopano.
Mafamu olima mphutsi ndikupanga vermicompost siulimi wopindulitsa komanso wopindulitsa kokha, komanso kupindulitsa chilengedwe ndi zinthu zothandiza, kuthekera kopeza zakudya zachilengedwe.