Nandolo imakhala ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimapindulitsa thupi. choncho Mbewuyi imalimidwa pafupifupi m'munda uliwonse wamasamba... Ngakhale chisamaliro chosavuta, sizotheka nthawi zonse kukolola. Nkhaniyi ikuwululira malamulo oyambira ukadaulo waulimi omwe akuyenera kuganiziridwa ndi alimi oyamba kumene, momwe angakonzekerere mbeu, kaya imere komanso nthawi yobzala.
Malamulo pofesa nandolo ku Ukraine, dera la Moscow, Urals ndi Siberia
Nandolo ndizomera zosazizira, mphukira zazing'ono zimatha kupirira chisanu mpaka usiku mpaka 5-6 ° C. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti mutha kuyamba kubzala mu Marichi. Kutentha kozizira ndi kochepa, mphukira sichitha kutentha... Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudikirira nthawi yomwe kuwerengera usiku sikugwa pansi pa 5-8 ° C.
Mutha kulima nandolo pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi - mbewu. Njira yoberekera pankhaniyi ndiyosayenera.
Kodi nthawi yabwino yobzala nandolo kunyumba ndi iti? Palibe nthawi yeniyeni yobzala mbewu, koma wamaluwa ambiri amatsogoleredwa ndi kalendala ya mwezi ndi nyengo. Ku Ukraine ndi dera la Moscow, kubzala panthaka kumayambira kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi, pomwe dothi limasungabe chinyezi chomwe chimasonkhanitsidwa nthawi yachisanu. Ku Urals ndi Siberia, nthawi imasinthidwa masiku 10-15, kutengera nyengo. Komabe akatswiri amalimbikitsa kumaliza kufesa nyemba kumapeto kwa Meyi... Chomeracho chimakula bwino, chimamasula ndipo chimabala zipatso nthawi yayitali masana.
Kukonzekera mbewu musanadzalemo kunyumba
Kumera kwa mbewu kumadalira kulondola kwa kukonzekera kwawo kubzala. Nandolo iyenera kuwerengedwa poyamba - sankhani zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri kuchokera pa nambala yonse, yomwe ilibe zowononga, mawanga akuda ndi zolakwika zina. Mbeu zowonongedwa sizingapereke mphukira zathanzi, ndipo mphukira zofooka zimakumana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo koyambirira.
Kukonzekera kwina kumadalira njira yosankhidwa yambewu. Alipo awiri okha: owuma komanso oyambira. Si chizolowezi kubzala nandolo ndi nyemba ndi mbande.
Magawo a mbeu zokonzekera kubzala:
- zilowerere mu yankho la boric acid (1 gramu ya ufa pa 5 malita a madzi otenthedwa mpaka 40 °) kwa mphindi 5-8;
- kuchotsa chinyezi chowonjezera chopukutira chowuma;
- kuyanika kwa maola 1-2 kutentha!
- kutera.
Chithandizo cha mbewu ndi boric acid yankho chimalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi mphutsi za mizu yoluka.
Ndi njira yowuma, ndikofunikira kuthirira madzi poyambira ndikuphimba bedi ndi kanema kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Izi zimafulumizitsa kumera kwa mphukira.
Monga kukonzekera nandolo yobzala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachikale... Kuti muchite izi, mbewu zimamizidwa kwa masiku 1-2 mu chidebe chokhala ndi madzi ofunda (oviikidwa), omwe kale adakulungidwa ndi chopukutira cha thonje. Kutupa ndi kumera, pamafunika nthawi ya kutentha kwa 20-23 °. Nsalu ikamauma, imanyowetsedwa. Mbeu zimatha kumera m'masiku 3-5.
Pofuna kuti musadandaule za nthawi yakumera, mutha kuyendetsa mbeuyo pakulimbikitsa. Mbeu zingati zilowerere? Poyankha koteroko, ndikwanira kuthira zobzala kwa maola awiri, kuziyika pakhonde kapena pazenera.
Kukonzekera bedi lamaluwa ndi kulima koyenera
Muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera mundawo posankha malo mdzikolo kapena chiwembu chanu. Muyenera kukonda malo owala bwino paphiri... Mizu ya chomerayo imalowerera kwambiri m'nthaka, ndikakhala ndi madzi okwanira pansi, pamakhala chiopsezo chowola. Chifukwa chake, nthaka yamadzi osefukira siyabwino kubzala nyemba. Kodi malo abwino oti mubzale nandolo ali kuti?
Posankha malo ogona, ganizirani zomwe zakula kale. Omwe adalipo kale ndi awa: beets, mbatata, chimanga, zukini, biringanya, ndi zina zotero. Koma mutatha nandolo, mutha kubzala zonse, nthaka imadzaza ndi nayitrogeni, imakhala yotakasuka komanso yachonde.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukonze bedi la mtola pomwe udzu wosatha, mbewu za nyemba zimakula, zomwe zimatha kudwalitsa kapena kuwononga tizilombo.
Kodi nandolo amakonda nthaka yotani? Nthaka yabwino ya nandolo ndi yolimba yopanda acid komanso mchenga wopepuka... Chernozems, yolima sod-podzolic ndi mitundu ina ya nthaka ndiyabwino. Zowawasa, zamchere ndi zosaphika sizimasankhidwa. Ngati acidity imadziwika patsamba lino, ndiye kuti kuyambitsa ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu wosweka kumathandizira kuchepetsa chilengedwe.
Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalangiza, pokonzekera dimba, kuti athane ndi nthaka bwino, kuti pakukula kwambiri mbewuyo isamve kusowa kwa michere. Komabe, sikofunika kudyetsa, mutha kuyambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa misa yobiriwira. Kugwa, pakukumba, zinthu zakuthupi zimayambitsidwa (manyowa, manyowa, manyowa ovunda). M'chaka, pokonzekera malowa, nthaka imadzaza ndi potaziyamu (30 g) ndi superphosphate (20 g) pa 1 m2.
Ndikofunika kukumba nthaka ndikubweretsa feteleza munthawi yomweyo ndi kumiza mpaka masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Ndi bwino kugwira ntchitoyo isanafike chisanu, kuti tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo zisame. Kuchokera kumunda, muyenera kusankha mosamala zinyalala zonse zomwe tizirombo titha kupeza.
Chiwembu chodzala panja m'dziko
Mukamasankha chiwembu chodzala, muyenera kuyang'ana kuzinthu za tchire la chomera chachikulu. Ngati izi ndizochepa komanso zazing'ono, ndiye kuti bedi lamaluwa limakonzedwa ndi izi:
- Kusiyanitsa mzere - 15-20 cm;
- Pakati pa mbewu ndi 5-6 cm;
- kumiza kuya - 3-5 cm (ngati mupanga ufa wa masentimita 1-2, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chodya nandolo ndi mbalame chikuwonjezeka).
Kwa mbewu zazitali (zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 80 cm), tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chiwembu: 30x10 masentimita m'mizere iwiri yokhala ndi mzere pakati pa 50 cm.
Mukamabzala, amadya nandolo pafupifupi 15-17 pa mita mita imodzi.
Njirayi imaphatikizapo kufesa mbewu m'malo okonzekera, kenako ndikudzaza nthaka. Musanaike mbeu panthaka, muyenera kuthira mowolowa manja ndi madzi ofunda. Mphukira zoyamba zidzawoneka sabata ndi theka mutabzala. Kwa tchire lalitali, ndi nthawi yoti mupange chithandizo. Chomera chofalikira panthaka sichingabale zipatso zabwino.
Pofotokozera mwachidule zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, titha kunena kuti posankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira, kukolola nandolo kumatsimikizika. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu: kudyetsa nthaka, kukonza mabedi, kumera ndikufesa mbewu, kusamalira mbande - kukolola kwabwino kumatsimikizika.Mphatso zowolowa manja za chilengedwe ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Zipatso zimasungabe mikhalidwe yawo yamtengo wapatali ngakhale itazizira.