Kutsata malamulo a ukadaulo waulimi sikungatsimikizire kuti kukolola kudzakwaniritsidwa. Monga mbewu zina, tomato amakumana ndi tizirombo tomwe timadana nawo tikamadya masamba achichepere kapena timitengo ta mbewu. Ntchito yayikulu ya nyakulima ndikukhazikitsa munthawi yake njira zodzitetezera komanso kuyankha nthawi yomweyo tizilombo.
Waukulu tizirombo ta phwetekere mbande
Ma parasites ambiri ndi ang'onoang'ono, koma sizitanthauza kuti alibe vuto lililonse. M'masiku ochepa, gulu lolimba limatha kuwononga munda wonse wa phwetekere kapena mbande zonse pawindo. Kuchedwa kukonza nthawi zina kumabera mbewu. Tizirombo timakhala tating'ono ting'ono ndi tchire lokhwima. Gawo lakukula kwa chomera pankhaniyi zilibe kanthu. Osati kokha kumtunda kwa chitsamba kuli pachiwopsezo, komanso mizu. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kumasuka mpaka kumapeto kwa kusonkhanitsa masamba.
Tizilombo tambiri tikamenya tomato nthawi yomweyo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mobwerezabwereza masiku 7-10.
Njira zowononga kachilomboka ku Colorado
Wokonda mbatata samadzikana yekha chisangalalo chosamukira kumunda wa phwetekere. Itha kuzindikirika mosavuta ndi mtundu wake wamtundu (mikwingwirima yosintha ya lalanje ndi yakuda). Mofulumira kwambiri, tiziromboti timaika mphutsi kunja kwa tsamba. Mphamvu yakudya masamba ndiyokwera kwambiri kwakuti m'masiku ochepa okha zotsalira za zimayambira zimatha kutsalira m'munda. Kuopsa kwa tizilombo kumakhalanso kwakukulu chifukwa chakuti alibe adani m'chilengedwe.
Njira zowongolera:
- kusonkhana kwa tizilombo ndi mphutsi pamanja (kumachitika tsiku lililonse, makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo);
- kubzala pakati pa mabedi a marigolds, adyo, marigolds;
- chithandizo cha zomera zokonzekera mwapadera (Aktara, Prestige, Mospilan).
Processing phwetekere motsutsana ndi whitefly
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mapiko oyera timakhazikika m'magulu am'munsi mwa tsamba. Chakudya chokoma kwambiri ndi kuyamwa kwa mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, majeremusi amakhala ndi matenda angapo, amapatsira mabedi a phwetekere ndi zinyalala. Tchire zomwe zakhudzidwa zimayamba kuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono.
Njira zowongolera:
- sungani mabedi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa misampha (zomatira tepi).
Medvedka
Kuthetsa tizilombo sikophweka. Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri kuti asawononge mbewu. Tizilombo tosusuka timakuluma pa zimayambira za mbande, zimawononga mizu, zipatso. Phwetekere imawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma kwenikweni kwa nzika zapansi panthaka.
Pali zochitika pomwe chimbalangondo chinawononga minda yonse ya phwetekere usiku umodzi wokha.
Njira zowongolera:
- Kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito mullein watsopano ngati feteleza, yomwe imakopa chimbalangondo;
- Kudzaza mabowo ndi madzi a sopo ndikutsata tizilombo (mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mafuta a mpendadzuwa, mashelufu ophwanyika);
- kukumba malowo kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kumathandizira kuwononga mabowo komanso kuzizira kwa majeremusi;
- kukonza misampha (mowa, manyowa, manyowa, ndi zina);
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Granula, Rembek, Medvetox).
Kangaude
Madontho ang'onoang'ono opepuka ndi masamba okutidwa ndi ziphuphu zimasonyeza kuwukira kwa kangaude. Mumakhala anthu onse pa tomato, amachulukitsa mofulumira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafuna kuyamwa madziwo. Zina mwazizindikiro: masamba obentchera, chikasu pamwamba pake, chomwe chimasokoneza tsambalo ndikupangitsa kuyanika kwa tchire.
Njira zowongolera:
- kupopera mabedi ndi kulowetsedwa ndi adyo ndi kuwonjezera sopo wochapa;
- kukonza tomato ndi kulowetsedwa kwa dandelion;
- kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera (Karbofos, Iskra M, Fufanon).
Aphid
Tizilombo tobiriwira tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono (pafupifupi 2 mm) timakhazikika pansi pamunsi mwa masamba, ndikudya msipu wambiri. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakopa nyerere kumalo okhalamo, zomwe zimadya ndowe zawo. Tiziromboti titha kuzindikiridwanso ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a tchire, masamba owuma achikasu, thumba losunga mazira.
Njira zowongolera:
- kupopera mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndikulowetsedwa kwa tsamba la anyezi kapena adyo;
- kusesa mabedi ndi phulusa lamatabwa;
- kutsuka chitsamba ndi tizilombo ndi yankho la sopo wochapa zovala ndi shampu;
- kufumbi tomato ndi fodya;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Fitoverm, Karate, Aktellik).
Thrips
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (pafupifupi 1 mm), tofanana ndi gulugufe. Imadyetsa zitsamba zamasamba, kusokoneza mayendedwe azakudya kudzera m'mitsuko. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa majeremusi, chikhalidwecho chimakhala chokutidwa ndi mabala ang'onoang'ono a silvery, omwe amakula ndikuphatikizana.
Njira zowongolera ma Thrips:
- podzitetezera, namsongole yemwe amakopa tizilombo ayenera kuchotsedwa msanga pabedi;
- isanafike chisanu choyamba, muyenera kukumba pansi kuti muwononge mphutsi;
- pamene tizirombo tapezeka, kukonzekera kwapadera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito (Vermitek, Akarin).
Waya nyongolotsi
Chingwe chotchedwa wireworm ndi kachilombo ka kachilomboka kakang'ono, kamene kamadziwika mosavuta ndi mtundu wake wa lalanje komanso wolimba kwambiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa mizu ya tomato, chifukwa chake chomeracho chimafooka ndikufa.
Njira Control:
- kutulutsa makina kwa tizilombo tikakumba nthaka;
- kubzala pafupi ndi tomato, radish, kabichi, mpiru;
- Kuphimba mabedi ndi utuchi kapena udzu wonyowa mu urea;
- chithandizo cha mabedi ndi mankhwala (Aktara, Antichrushch, Prestige).
Mphukira ntchentche
Maonekedwe a tizilombo pafupifupi samasiyana ndi ntchentche wamba, koma chidwi cha tizirombochi chimayang'ana mbewu za masamba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timawononga chilichonse: mbewu, mizu, mphukira zazing'ono.
Njira Control:
- kukumba munda wamasamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kuyeretsa zotsalira zonse zazomera;
- kuphatikiza manyowa m'nthaka;
- chithandizo cha mabedi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa fodya;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Fitoverm, Strela, Bazudin).
Zolemba zam'munda
Gulugufe wamasana usiku (pambuyo pake mbozi). Kutalika kwa tizilombo kumafika masentimita 3-4, utoto wake ndi wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mzere wonyezimira wonyezimira (mbozi) komanso bulauni mumitundumitundu (gulugufe). Tizirombo tomwe timadyetsa timadyetsa masamba, timabowola paliponse. Zipatso zosapsa ndizopanganso chidwi.
Control njira:
- monga njira yodzitetezera, m'pofunika kukumba malowa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, kuchotsa mosamala zotsalira zazomera mmenemo;
- Asanapangidwe zipatso, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatha kuchitidwa ngati mbozi itazindikira (Inta-vir, Fas, Zeta).
Munthawi yobzala zipatso, tizirombo toyambitsa matenda sitingagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa tizilombo, zinthu zakupha zimaloŵa m'malo mwa tomato, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Gall nematode
Tiziromboti ndi nyongolotsi yochuluka, pafupifupi 2 mm kukula kwake. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zakupezeka kwa nematode ndikupanga minofu yosalala (mizu) pamizu ya phwetekere. Zikhalidwe zomwe zakhudzidwa ndizotsalira kwambiri pakukula. Zizindikiro zina zimasonyeza kusowa kwa madzi ndi mchere. Nthawi zambiri, chomeracho sichingapulumutsidwe.
Njira zowongolera:
- monga njira yodzitetezera, bulitchi imayambitsidwa munthaka musanadzalemo;
- Ndi bwino kukonzekera bedi la tomato mutatha adyo, anyezi kapena calendula;
- Chitani chithandizo ndi Fitoverm.
Kukhala ndi chidziwitso kumatanthauza kukhala ndi zida zonse. Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kwavutoli kukuthandizani kuti mupeze chida chofunikira chothandizira mabedi, potero simusiya mpata wa tizirombo.