Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino za mbatata, muyenera kuwunika momwe nthaka ilili ndikukhala ndi feteleza munthawi yake. Makampani amakono amapanga manyowa ochulukirapo pazinthu izi, koma akagwiritsidwanso ntchito mbeuyo siyikhala yoteteza chilengedwe komanso yotetezeka. Kuti mulemeretse nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza ndikuwonjezera chonde, koma nthawi yomweyo kuti musasemphane ndi zachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kubzala manyowa obiriwira pakati pa mizere ya mbatata.
Kodi magawo a mbatata ndi ati?
Othandizira ndi a feteleza wachilengedwe... Pambuyo pobzala, nthaka imalimidwa, chifukwa chake kubiriwira kumakhala pansi. Pamenepo imayamba kuwola, ndikupangitsa kutulutsa ma micro-macroelements othandiza.
M'nyengo, mutha kuwonjezera kwambiri kupezeka kwa humus kumtunda kwa nthaka.
Kuphatikiza apo, wosanjikiza wapamwamba adzapindula ndi zinthu zofunika mbatata monga:
- potaziyamu
- nayitrogeni;
- phosphorous, ndi zina zotero.
Ndizofunikira onetsetsani kuchuluka kwa masamba obiriwira, popeza ngati pali zochuluka, ndiye kuti sizowonongeka, koma acidification wa zomera zolimidwa zidzachitika. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuchulukitsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Siderata sikuti imangothira nthaka ndikudzaza ndi michere yoyenera. Amathandizanso kuthana ndi matenda ofala kwambiri ndi tizirombo tomwe timakhudza mbatata.
Momwe mungakonzekerere nthaka
Siderata, monga mbewu iliyonse, imafunika kukonzekera nthaka isanakwane. Mukakolola, malowo amadzaza ndi zingwe kapena chida china, alireza (kutengera malita 10 pa zana mita iliyonse).
Ngati acidity ya nthaka yawonjezeka, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera pang'ono layimu... Nthaka youma kwambiri iyenera kuthiriridwa musanabzala manyowa obiriwira. Pazifukwazi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wosamba. Pokhapokha mutatha kupita kukabzala mbewu ndikubzala.
Momwe mungasungire
Nthawi yobzala manyowa obiriwira imasankhidwa kutengera cholinga chomwe amadziwitsidwa pamalowo. Ngati zomerazo zapangidwa kuti zizithamangitsa tizirombo, ndiye kuti mutha kubzala mbewu momwemo... Poterepa, pamafunika kuwadula nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mbeu zisapse.
Kufesa manyowa obiriwira masika kumachitika nthawi yomweyo chisanu chikasungunuka.
Ayenera kukhala osazizira, chifukwa pofika nthawi yoti mbatata zibzalidwe, zomerazi zimakhala zitadulidwa kale. Kufesa nthawi yophukira kumaphatikizapo kusamalira nthaka ndikulemeretsa ndi zinthu zina zofunikira nyengo yotsatira. Njira zonse zofunikira zimachitika zokolola zitakololedwa ndipo malowo ndi aulere.
Chifukwa chiyani amabweretsa nthawi yachaka
Mukamabzala manyowa obiriwira masika, mbatata pang'onopang'ono zimalandira michere kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwawo nthawi yonse yokula.
Kubzala kumachitika nthawi yomweyo, chisanu chikangosungunuka ndipo dziko linayamba kutentha. Mbewu ziyenera kukhala zozizira.
Masika, ndibwino kubzala mbewu monga:
- mpiru;
- kugwirira;
- rye;
- phala;
- phacelia.
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma siderates, omwe angatero amakula nthawi imodzi ndi mbatata, amalemeretsa nthaka komanso amathamangitsa tizirombo.
Atha kukhala:
- nyemba;
- calendula;
- chinthaka.
Ndingatani kubzala m'dzinja
Ngati simunakwanitse kuthira dothi mchaka, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kugwa, potero ndikusamalira zokolola zamtsogolo.
Kufesa kwadzinja kwa manyowa obiriwira sikudzangothira nthaka kokha, komanso kupondereza namsongole, zimathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yodzaza ndi mpweya, kuchepetsa tizirombo.
Powerengera nthawi yobzala, muyenera kuganizira zakuti chisanayambike chisanu, mbewu ziyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokwera yokwera komanso kuti zikule. Kupanda kutero, sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza.
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matumba a mbatata:
- mpiru;
- radish;
- phala;
- nyemba;
- phacelia;
- kugwirira.
Komanso, amayamikiridwa makamaka mpiru woyera, popeza ndi iye amene amakonda kukula msanga ngakhale kutentha pang'ono. Koma oats pambuyo pake sangatchetedwe, koma mbatata zingabzalidwe mwachindunji mmenemo. Poterepa, chomeracho chikhala ngati mulch ndikuteteza mbewuyo pazovuta zakunja.
Momwe mungasankhire
Njira yayikulu posankha manyowa obiriwira a mbatata ndi momwe nthaka ilili. Iyenera kukhala yotayirira, yokhala ndi mchere wokwanira, yopanda tizirombo ndi matenda.
Tsoka ilo, mtundu umodzi wazomera nthawi zambiri sungathetse mavuto onse. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi kuphatikiza kwa mitundu ingapo ya zomera.
Pofuna kuonjezera chonde m'nthaka ndi umuna wake, zimabzalidwa pamalo omwe mbatata zimakula nyemba... Ndiwo omwe amathandizira wamaluwa kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito feteleza woyambira ndikudzaza dziko lapansi ndi zinthu zonse zofunika.
Polimbana ndi tizirombo (wireworm, mochedwa choipitsa) zimathandiza mpiru kapena colza... Koma kuti muwopsye kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, ndibwino kudzala fulakesi.
Komanso manyowa obiriwira amathandizira kuthana ndi namsongole wamkulu. Kuti muchite izi, pitani patsamba lino buckwheat, nasturtium, radish, clover, nyemba.
Manyowa ati obiriwira ndi abwino kwambiri ku mbatata
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti manyowa amtundu wina uliwonse ndiabwino kwa mbatata kuposa ena. Chomera chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yake, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti muziphatikiza ndikupanga zosakaniza mukamabzala.
Komabe, palinso njira yachilengedwe - phacelia... Imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, imapeza msanga wobiriwira ndipo imatha kupatsa dothi mpweya wabwino. Ndicho chifukwa chake chomerachi chatchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa.
Kodi ndingabzale ngati dothi lili ndi tizirombo kapena bowa
Mbatata sayenera kubzalidwa munthaka yothira matenda kapena yodwala. Asanafike, tsamba lotere limafunikira kuchiritsa... MUSAFulumire ndi kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Othandizira amatha kuwathandiza.
Ochiritsa achilengedwe atha kukhala:
- mafuta mafuta;
- mpiru woyera;
- kugwirira;
- kugwirira.
Izi sizimangochiritsa nthaka, komanso Chotsani tizirombozomwe zili mmenemo. M'madera omwe mwadzaza kwambiri, mbande zimatha kusiya m'mipata. Chifukwa chake, ma phytosaniters azigwira ntchito yawo nyengo yonseyi.
Mitundu ya mbatata
Nyemba
Nyemba zoyera zimawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazipatso zabwino kwambiri zobiriwira, zomwe zimatha kukhathamiritsa nthaka ndi zinthu zina zofunikira.
Ndikofunika kumvetsera viku... Ndikokwera pachaka komwe sikuti kumangolepheretsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka, komanso kumapangitsanso kapangidwe kake. Zatsimikizika bwino pazifukwa zopanda ndale.
Chomera monga clover wokoma Sizingangowonjezera kukonza kwa nthaka pamalopo, komanso zimathandizira polimbana ndi ma nematode ndi ma wireworms. Chifukwa cha mizu yake yamphamvu ndi nthambi, imatha kutulutsa michere pansi penipeni pa dziko lapansi.
Ndibwino kubzala kugwa ndikusiya chomeracho nthawi yachisanu. Izi zidzakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri.
Cruciferous
Mitengo ya Cruciferous imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati ngati feteleza wachilengedwe, komanso wothandizira nthaka... Amathandiza kulimbana ndi mavairasi ndi tizirombo.
Ambiri m'gululi mpiru woyera... Imatha osati kungomanga msanga wobiriwira, komanso kumasula nthaka, kukonza kapangidwe kake. Ikameta, imakhala ngati feteleza wabwino, ndipo pakukula imateteza malowo ku namsongole.
Ayenera kusamaliranso pang'ono ndipo mafuta radish... Chifukwa cha muzu wamphamvu, chomeracho chimamasula nthaka bwino, chimathandiza kusunga chinyezi, kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kumenyana bwino ndi matenda a fungal. Imatha kupondereza namsongole. Ikatha, imapanga michere yambiri.
Mbewu
Mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati manyowa obiriwira.
Rye imakopa chidwi cha wamaluwa chifukwa cha mbewu yake yotsika mtengo komanso nthaka yopanda malire. Ikatha, imapanga feteleza wambiri, koma singathe kukonza nayitrogeni m'nthaka.
Ngati ayikidwa ngati feteleza wobiriwira phala, ndiye mutha kuyibweza ndi mbeu imodzi ya 200 kg ya manyowa pa zana mita imodzi. Chomerachi chimatha kukonza nthaka, chimathandiza polimbana ndi namsongole, nematodes, matenda a fungal, nkhanambo, mizu yowola.
Kodi phacelia angakhale wopanda chidwi
Phacelia watero nthawi yayifupi kwambiri yakucha... Chomeracho chimamasula nthaka bwino, chimakulitsa ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous panthawi yowonongeka, ndipo imatha kuletsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Chifukwa cha izi, chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati manyowa obiriwira. Imalekerera chisanu bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala ndi zokolola zingapo nyengo iliyonse. Misa yobiriwira itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya chanyama.
Ubwino ndi kuipa
Siderat amatchedwa feteleza wobiriwira pakati pa wamaluwa. Izi sizifukwa zopanda pake: izi, zikagwa pansi chitani ngati manyowa, peat kapena feteleza wina. Pakati pa kuwonongeka kwawo, makina opangidwa ndi microelectric ndi macroelements amapangidwa, omwe amafunikira kuti mbatata zikule bwino.
Manyowa ena obiriwira samangokhala feteleza okha, komanso amasamalira nthaka, komanso kuthamangitsa mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo.
Mpendadzuwa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati manyowa obiriwira a mbatata. Chomeracho chimadya zakudya zambiri pakukula, ndipo thunthu lake lowola limatha pang'onopang'ono.
Pali, mwina, palibe zoyipa zogwiritsira ntchito feteleza. Kupatula kuti njira yomwe imawakulira imafuna ndalama zakuthupi ndi ndalama zake, ogwira ntchito. Ndipo kukula kumatenga nthawi, chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala oleza mtima ndikudikirira mpaka unyinji wobiriwira utakula.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito manyowa obiriwira a mbatata, simungangowonjezera zokolola zamalowo, komanso kulima mankhwala osungira zachilengedwe... Kupatula apo, feteleza wachilengedwe amakhala otetezeka mwamtheradi m'thupi la munthu, zomwe sizinganenedwe za zofananira zamagetsi.