Iodini ndi chinthu chofunikira osati kwa anthu okha, komanso pazomera zambiri zamasamba ndi zokongoletsera. Koma musanapatse mbewu zomwe mumazikonda ndi kuyamwa kochokera ku ayodini, muyenera kusanthula maphikidwe pazothetsera vutolo komanso momwe mankhwala amapangira mbande za phwetekere.
Mutha kudyetsa ndikusintha tomato ndi whey, kutengera cholinga chomwe chimakonzedwa. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala azitsamba komanso kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuthirira mbande za nkhaka ndi momwe mungasamalire mutatha kutola, tiwuza zambiri.
Chifukwa chiyani ayodini imathandiza mbande za phwetekere
Tomato wovuta kwambiri pa kupezeka kwa ayodini, chifukwa chake, sangathe kukula popanda icho.
Zothandiza za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ayodini:
- Amalimbikitsa zipatso zambiri.
- Imalimbitsa chitetezo chazomera zazing'ono.
- Imathandizira kubzala mbewu.
- Wothandizira wabwino kwambiri.
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mankhwala ndi njira yofooka ya ayodini ndi chida chabwino kwambiri kuyambira mochedwa choipitsa ndi powdery mildew.
Kuchiza kwakanthawi kwa zomera zodwala ndi ayodini kumateteza kufalikira kwa matenda owopsa m'mabzala a phwetekere ndikusunga zokolola zamtsogolo.
Momwe mungadziwire kusowa kwa ayodini mu chomera
Monga lamulo, mawonekedwe a mbewuyo akuwonetsa kusowa kwa ayodini. Kodi muyenera kumvetsera chiyani mukamayang'ana tchire?
- Kuperewera kumakhudza momwe tomato amapangira: masamba amakhala wotuwa, zimayambira - woonda.
- Tomato nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda owopsa, monga kuchepa kwa mochedwa, malo abulauni, zojambulajambula ndi zowola. Mlingowu utatha kuchiritsa kodzala udwalanso chifukwa chosowa chitetezo chokwanira.
- Chifukwa chakusowa kwa tomato wamkulu, amalowa mu gawo la zipatso mochedwa kapena osabweretsa zokolola konse... Ngati ayodini sawonjezeredwa nthawi yomweyo kuzomera, zipatsozo zimakhala zochepa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira. Ndizosatheka kupeza zokolola zochuluka kuchokera kuzomera zoterezi.
Momwe mungadyetse
Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa zomera ngati muzu ndi kudyetsa masamba. Njira yoyamba imaphatikizapo kuthirira tomato pamizu, yachiwiri ndikupopera masamba ndi yankho la michere. Olima alimi amasintha mizu ndi masamba kuti avale bwino.
Pakubweretsa ayodini, izi ziyenera kuchitika motere:
- Mbande zolimbikitsidwa pang'ono zimadyetsedwa yofooka yankho: onjezerani madontho 2-3 pamalita 4 amadzi.
- Mu June, pokonzekera maluwa, tomato amadyetsedwa ayodini mkaka njira (Chinsinsi chafotokozedwa pansipa).
- Kulimbitsa masamba momwe angathere panthawi yobala zipatso, kuvala mizu pamwamba kumayikidwa pansi pa tomato: Madontho 10 a yankho la mowa ayikidwa mu ndowa imodzi yamadzi.
- Nthawi yakubzala zipatso, tchire limakumana ndi njira yothetsera phulusa ndi asidi boric... Mavalidwe apamwamba amathiriridwa pamzu wa chomeracho.
Chonde dziwani kuti kuthirira koyamba kumatha kupitilizidwa pokhapokha mbande zikafika masiku khumi.
Kodi chodabwitsa chiti chogwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha ndi malo otseguka
Ngati cholinga chowonjezera ayodini sikungodyetsa tomato kokha, komanso chithandizo cha vuto lakumapeto, kukonza kumachitika mwanjira yapadera.
- Kuchotsa phytophthora ndikuletsa mawonekedwe ake, makoma a wowonjezera kutentha amatsukidwa ndi zinyalala.
- Amatsuka malo oyera 1% yankho la manganese.
- Wowonjezera kutentha amadzaza ndi malasha: chidebe chachitsulo chimakutidwa ndi khungu, pomwe makala amoto amathiridwa. Chipindacho chimayenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu mukamayendetsa.
Musanagwiritse ntchito kubzala phwetekere pamalo otseguka, kukonzekera sikuchitikanso.
Folk azitsamba pokonza tomato
- Galasi 1 adyo wodulidwa kugona mu chidebe chamadzi ndikusiya kupatsa tsiku limodzi. Nthawi ikatha, tincture imasefedwa ndipo 2 g wa potaziyamu permanganate amawonjezeredwa. Zovala zapamwamba za foliar zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga bowa.
- 15 g wa phulusa amasunthidwa mu 2 malita a madzi otentha ndikuumirira tsiku lonse. Ndiye unani kusakaniza ndi kuthirira mbewu. Kudyetsa phulusa kumathetsa kuchepa kwa phosphorous.
- Ndowe za nkhuku kuchepetsedwa kawiri ndi madzi, kenako ndikutsikira m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kwa masiku atatu. Mavalidwe apamwamba onunkhira amasungunuka 1:10 ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamzu.
Momwe mungadyetse nkhaka ndi tsabola
Nkhaka zimadyetsedwa kuti zibwezeretse zopatsa thanzi ndikutsitsimutsanso zipatso za zipatso: chikhalidwecho chimapopera masiku 10 aliwonse ndi mkaka wosakaniza.
Pofuna kuchotsa powdery mildew, chomeracho ndi nthaka yomwe ili pafupi nayo imathiridwa mankhwala ambiri ndi yankho lochokera mkaka ndi ayodini: 350 ml ya mkaka, madontho anayi amawonjezeredwa ku 3 malita a madzi.
Kuti imathandizira kutuluka kwa mbande tsabola, nyembazo zimanyowa kwa maola 6 mu 0.1% yankho lachilengedwe. Pambuyo pake, nyembazo zimamera msanga, ndikusintha mbande zamphamvu.
Tsabola akatulutsa masamba awiri achiwiri, mbande zimathiriridwa ndi fetereza: Dontho limodzi la 5% ya ayodini tincture amachepetsedwa m'malita atatu amadzi.
Njira zochitira
Kuti umeretse tomato, mlingo wofunikira wa yankho lothandizidwa ndi mankhwala umatsanulidwira molunjika pansi pa muzu wa chomeracho. Popeza masamba a phwetekere ali ndi mphamvu yabwino, zomera kuthiridwa ndi zokutira pamwamba kuchokera kubotolo la utsi.
Kuthirira
Dothi ladothi lomwe lili pafupi ndi chomeracho likauma pang'ono, tomato amathiridwa ndi madzi ndikuwonjezera madontho ochepa. Chifukwa cha izi, ntchito ziwiri zimathetsedwa nthawi imodzi: chomeracho chimatenga chinyezi chofunikira komanso microparticles yothandiza.
Kupopera ndi mkaka
Kusakaniza kochokera mkaka ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri a fungicide: masambawo ali ndi filimu yamkaka, chifukwa chomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathe kukonza pamwamba.
Pofuna kukonza yankho, malita 4 amadzi amaphatikizidwa ndi 1 litre mkaka watsopano ndi madontho 15 a tincture wa ayodini. Utsi wa tomato ndi osakanizawo kunja kukuchita mitambo.
Kupopera ndi seramu
Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa choipitsa chakumapeto, mbande za phwetekere zimapopera mankhwala osakaniza motere: 1 lita imodzi ya seramu, madontho 40 a tincture wa ayodini, 10 ml ya 3% ya hydrogen peroxide amawonjezeredwa ku malita 10 a madzi.
Mutha kupopera mbande ndi mavalidwe apamwamba osapitilira kawiri pamwezi. Mavalidwe am'madzi opangidwa ndi mkaka wokhala ndi madzi omwe amathiridwa madzi asanafike amatha kupaka tsiku lililonse.
Kuvala bwino ndi ayodini komanso wobiriwira wonyezimira
Kupopera mbande ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi abwino kwambiri kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda mochedwa... Pokonzekera, onjezerani 10 ml ya ayodini kapena madontho 40 obiriwira obiriwira mpaka malita 10 amadzi. Chotsatiracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mizu ndi kudyetsa masamba.
Kudyetsa muzu
Koyamba mbande zimadyetsedwa zikataya kunja masamba awiri owona... Pophika, tengani malita atatu a madzi oyera ndikutenthetsa pang'ono, ndikuwonjezera dontho limodzi.
Zimakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri kuwonjezera mlingo: mbewu zazing'ono zimalandira michere yokwanira kuchokera ku yankho lofooka.
Feteleza amathiridwa pamizu nthaka yomwe ili muchidebe cha mmera yauma pang'ono.
Kachiwiri ayodini akuwonjezeredwa, atakhala tomato zipatso zamangidwa... Pofuna kuthira feteleza m'gawo lino, njira yothetsera vutoli yafupika pang'ono: Madontho atatu a ayodini azamankhwala amathiridwa pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi ofunda. Lita imodzi ya yankho imawonjezeredwa muzu wa mitundu yayitali, 0,7 malita amitundu mitundu.
Nthawi yomaliza yomwe amadyetsa panthawi yogwira zipatso... Zovala zapamwamba zakonzedwa motere:
- Onjezerani phulusa malita atatu mu chidebe ndi malita 5 a madzi owiritsa, sakanizani bwino yankho ndikusiya kupatsa ola limodzi.
- Njira yothetsera vutoli imachepetsedwa ndi malita 5 a madzi ofunda.
- Botolo la ayodini, 10 g wa boric acid amawonjezeredwa pachidebecho ndipo kapangidwe kake kazakudya kamasakanikirana bwino mpaka kufanana.
- Kusakaniza kotsirizidwa kumalowetsedwa kwa maola 24, kenako kumadzitsuka mwamphamvu ndi madzi: 1 lita imodzi yodzikongoletsera pamwamba imachepetsa ndi ndowa imodzi yamadzi.
Feteleza potengera phulusa ndi ayodini ndi wabwino imathandizira chitetezo chamthupi phwetekere ku matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo phytophthora, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza kubzala phwetekere.
Achinyamata
Manyowa sangathiridwe pansi pa muzu, koma amathiridwa pamwamba pa chomeracho. Tomato anapopera mankhwala m'mawa kapena madzulo kunja kukugwa kouma... Mphepo ikamagwa mvula itatha, tomato amapopera mankhwalawa.
Chonde dziwani kuti kudyetsa kuyenera kugwera pamasamba. mwa mawonekedwe a chifungaosapopera mankhwala, apo ayi kupopera mankhwala sikungathandize.
Ndizosatheka kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ayodini wowonjezeredwa pokonzekera kuvala bwino - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tomato ndi njira yowongoka kwambiri kumadzaza ndi masamba owotcha.
Chifukwa cha kuyambitsidwa kwa ayodini nthawi zonse, tomato amakula mwamphamvu komanso athanzi: mankhwalawo amadzaza zomera ndi michere, amachulukitsa kukana matenda, komanso amachulukitsa zokolola.