Sipanakhalepo mikangano yambiri komanso zokambirana zamtundu wina uliwonse wa sitiroberi monga chamora turusi. Zipatso zazikuluzikulu, mpaka kukula ngati apulo yaing'ono, zimadzutsa kukayikira za chiyambi. Kumverera, komabe, kumangopita kusilira pambuyo poyesa koyamba.
Kununkhira kwa strawberries zakutchire komanso mawonekedwe osalala a zamkati sangathe kusiya mphwayi iliyonse.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana chamora turusi
Mitunduyo idapangidwa ngati oweta aku Japan omwe adadutsa "zimphona" ziwiri palimodzi. Chidziwitso sichikudziwika motsimikiza, kaya ndi zipatso za ntchito za asayansi, kapena alimi.
Chitsambacho chimakula ndikutambasula mwamphamvu korona wamasamba obiriwira ndi ndevu zazitali. Ma peduncles ndi ochepa, obiriwira komanso maluwa ndi akulu.
Zokolola za pakati-mochedwa chikhalidwe kuchokera ku tchire ndi kuchokera 1.8 mpaka 3 kg, kulemera kwa mabulosi kuchokera magalamu 80 mpaka 110... Chamora turusi imapsa mochedwa - theka lachiwiri la Julayi (masiku 15-25).
Kutalika kwa zipatso ndi mtundu wa zipatso kumadalira chisamaliro cha chomeracho, m'malo abwino ndi miyezi 1-2.
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, tchire siloledwa kuphulika, maluwa ndi peduncles amachotsedwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Kwa zaka ziwiri zotsatira, strawberries chonde khalani ndi zokolola zochuluka ndi zipatso zazikulu. Kwa zaka 4-5, kukula kwake kumachepa, komanso nyengo ya zipatso. Ichi ndi mtundu wa chizindikiritso chobzala m'nthaka yopatsa thanzi.
Nyengo yolima zipatso ndizochepa, nthaka ndi yachonde. Amisiri alimi amalima amalima chamora turusi kumpoto. Zowona, nyengo ya zipatso ndi yaifupi, ndipo zipatso zimalemera pafupifupi 35-50 g. Kuchita koteroko kumatheka chifukwa cha mitundu yozizira kwambiri.
Koma sikoyenera kubzala tubers kumadera otentha, chomeracho chimamwalira chifukwa chouma panthaka. Malinga ndi ndemanga za wamaluwa, chomeracho sichimaundana popanda pogona mwapadera pamadigiri -33... Mukamagwiritsa ntchito agrofibre, zokololazo zimakula. Chikhalidwe chimatha kupirira nyengo yozizira ndi ulemu ndikakonzekera bwino ndikusamalira.
Simuyenera kubzala tubers m'malo otsika ndi malo okhala ndi madzi apansi panthaka. Mizu imamwalira chifukwa chakuthira madzi.
Makhalidwe a zipatso
Mabulosi a Chamora turusi ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi makola ndi scallops. Kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 80, koma ndiukadaulo woyenera waulimi, mutha kupeza zipatso 110-130 gr.
Strawberries akudziwika ndi mtundu wofiira wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira. Fungo limatchedwa sitiroberi. Mu Ogasiti, bedi limadzaza ndi zipatso, chithunzicho chimakopa ana ndi akulu.
Chikhalidwe chimatha kubala chipatso popanda chisamaliro choyenera, koma kulemera kwake kwa chipatso sichiposa magalamu 40-50. Pamalo amodzi, strawberries amabala zipatso mpaka zaka 12 ndi kuthirira koyambirira kwambiri.
Izi sizikuganiziridwa potengera kusowa kwachinyengo. M'malo mwake, zosiyanasiyana sizitengera aulesi. M'malo mwake wofuna, wofatsa ngakhale wamisala.
Mbiri yakuswana ndi dera lokula
Mbadwa za strawberries sizidziwika bwinobwino, koma amakhulupirira kuti mtunduwo udasankhidwa ndikusankhidwa ndi asayansi aku Japan omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Gigantella Maxim kapena Mfumukazi Elizabeth.
Zofanana ndi mitundu zimatchulidwanso pakufotokozera kwasayansi. Chifukwa chake, Japan imawerengedwa kuti ndi komwe Chamora Turusi adabadwira.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Kuti chithunzi cha mitunduyo chidziwike bwino, muyenera kudziwa bwino zaubwino ndi zovuta za chikhalidwecho.
Makhalidwe akulu a chamora turusi ndi awa:
- zazikulu zazikulu zipatso zokhala ndi fungo lokoma la sitiroberi ndi kulawa;
- zipatso ndizolimba, zimalekerera mayendedwe mosavuta, pomwe zimasunga umphumphu;
- imatha kukula ndikubala zipatso pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zambiri;
- chisanu kukana;
- chikhalidwe sichikakamiza nyambo;
- kukana mapangidwe a powdery mildew.
Mukamakula sitiroberi, muyenera kuganizira zofooka zake:
- kutengeka ndi kuthirira pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko chamtchire;
- akhoza kuukira nkhupakupa ndi slugs;
- gawo lalikulu likufunika kutsika;
- concomitant matenda: verticillosis, imvi zowola, zofiirira ndi zoyera mawanga.
Kutsata malamulo apafupipafupi pakusamalira zosiyanasiyana kumalepheretsa kupezeka kwamavuto ambiri omwe atchulidwa.
Mitundu ya zipatso zakukula zaku Japan
Malamulo okula chamora turusi nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana ndi mitundu ina ya sitiroberi. Koma palinso zina. Ayenera kuganiziridwa kuti apewe zosadabwitsa.
- Pokonzekera mabedi chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa kumtunda pakati pa tchire... Mu chikhalidwe chokhuthala, tizirombo timazika mizu bwino, matenda am'fungulidwe amakula. Kusiyana komwe kulimbikitsidwa pakati pa tubers ndi 30x60 masentimita... M'madera omwe chinyezi chambiri nthawi zambiri, chizindikirocho chimakwera mpaka 50 cm.
- Kukhalapo kwa mbali zotsika pabedi (20-25 cm) kumakupatsani mwayi wokonza agrofibre kuti mupeze zokolola zoyambirira ndikuteteza mbewu ku chisanu chakumapeto.
- Musanadzalemo mbande, nthaka zopindulitsa kwenikweni organic kapena feteleza amchere. Chamora Turusi amakonda nthaka yathanzi.
- Kuthirira nthawi ya fruiting kumachepa. Kuthirira mopitirira muyeso kumakhudza kukoma kwa zipatso.
- Tubers osayenera kuzama kulowa m'nthaka. Izi zingayambitse mapangidwe a nkhungu imvi. Komanso kubzala molakwika kumachepetsa kukoma kwa zipatso.
Kudzala mbande
Malo obzala mbande amasankhidwa kuyatsa bwino (osachepera maola 12 patsiku). M'madera okhala ndi zotsetsereka, kukondera kumakondedwa. Madambo ndi mitundu yamchere yamchere siyabwino.
Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa bwino ndikukhala ndi humus kapena zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Chamora Turusi amakondanso: feteleza amchere, mullein, ndowe za nkhuku (gwiritsirani ntchito dosed komanso mosamala kwambiri kuti musawotche).
Mukamayala mabedi, muyenera kutsatira zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa pakati pa tubers: 35x60 cm (1m2, 4 mbewu).
Zitsime sizifunikira kuzama kwambiri, masentimita 12 mpaka 15 ndi okwanira Kupambana kokulitsa chikhalidwe kumadalira, makamaka, za mtundu wobzala. Alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti azikonda ma rosettes omwe adapezeka pachimake choyamba cha tendril.
Kubzala mphukira mu chikho cha pulasitiki chodzaza ndi peat kumawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino yozikitsira. Mmera umayikidwa m'nthaka limodzi ndi mtanda kuti chomeracho chisapanikizike. Ngati mtundu wa mbande ukukayika, mizu iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi cholimbikitsira chokulitsa (Radifarm solution).
Nthawi yobzala ma strawberries imadalira nyengo.
Pakati panjira zitha kuchitika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, komanso kumadera ofunda odziwika ndi chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira, mu Meyi.
M'nyengo yotentha, amakonda kusankha nthawi yophukira, pomwe nyengo yabwino kwambiri ya kutentha ndi chinyezi zimakhazikitsidwa. Akatswiri amalangiza kukonzekera mabedi kugwa: kukumba ndikusakaniza nthaka ndi ufa wa dolomite.
Zowonjezera pakubzala tubers zatsopano ndi monga:
- akuwukha mizu ya sitiroberi mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate tsiku limodzi ntchito isanayambe;
- kuwapanga mu chisakanizo cha manyowa ndi dongo, kenako maola awiri oyanika;
- mapangidwe a chitunda chaching'ono mdzenje loyikapo tuber;
- Kudzaza ndi kudzaza kwa nthaka.
Mutabzala, ma strawberries amathiriridwa kwambiri mpaka kumapeto kwa gawo lazosinthira kunja.
Kukula
Kuthirira
Thirirani chomeracho mutabzala komanso nthawi yamaluwa.
Pambuyo pa fruiting, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepa. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuti musangoganizira ziwerengero zomwe zavomerezeka, koma pamlingo wa chinyezi cha nthaka.
Nthawi yothirira ndi Nthawi 1 m'masiku 3-4... Strawberries, ngakhale chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi, chimatha kuvunda chifukwa chambiri chinyezi.
Dothi lokhala lokhala ndi malo abwino okhala limayesedwa ngati njira yabwino. Kuthirira madzi owaza madzi ndiyenso koyenera. Imwani nyemba mpaka pakati-nthawi yophukira, pakakhala mvula yambiri.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, strawberries amayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachiwiri atatsika... M'mikhalidwe yosavomerezeka, zokololazo zidzapezeka mchaka chachitatu. Pofuna kupewa kuyanika m'nthaka ndi kuwola zipatso zakucha, muyenera kuthira nthaka ndi udzu, utuchi kapena zinthu zina zokutira.
Kawirikawiri sipakhala chifukwa chofotokozera feteleza, kudya mopitirira muyeso kumabweretsa masamba, osati kukula kwa mizu.
Mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti, muyenera kumaliza kudula masamba ndi ndevu... Nthaka imathandizidwa ndi yankho la fungicide (2%). Ngati pamizere yadothi pamizu, yikani ndi gawo lapansi.
Nyengo isanafike kuzizira, bedi limakutidwa ndi utuchi kapena nkhuni zilizonse zowuma (makulidwe a pilo ndi osachepera 5-7 cm). Kapenanso, gwiritsani ntchito agrofibre.
Njira zoberekera
Pali njira zingapo zoberekera chamora turusi.
Masharubu
Njira yosavuta yopezera mmera watsopano ndichaku masharubu. Kuti muchite izi, kuchokera ku chomera chomwe chafika zaka 2-3, zosankha zabwino kwambiri (mpaka ma PC 5.) Amasankhidwa, akukula pafupi ndi malo ogulitsira. Amatha kuikidwa m'manda pogwiritsa ntchito waya wokhotakhota, kapena kudula kuti alowe mu kapu ya zothetsera mizu.
Pachiyambi, mphukira yachichepere idzayamba pambuyo pake Miyezi 1-1.5 (ndi olekanitsidwa ndikusanjidwa). Lachiwiri - kudutsa Masabata 2-3 Masharubu adzazika mizu ndikukhala okonzeka kubzala.
Kugawa tchire
Njira yogawa imaphatikizapo kusankha chitsamba chathanzi pambuyo pake kugawikana mu magawo 2-4.
Chidutswa chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera 4-5 ndi muzu wa 5-6 cm.Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, magawo opatukana amabzalidwa panja.
Mbewu
Njira yofalitsira mbewu imawonedwa kuti ndi yowononga nthawi komanso yosayembekezereka.
Njirayi imaphatikizapo kulekanitsa zamkati kuchokera ku zipatso zazikulu kuti ziume pambuyo pake. Mbeu zosankhidwa zimabzalidwa mu Marichi mu chidebe chokhala ndi gawo lapansi (nthaka yonse, peat, humus) ndikuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro.
Kwa milungu iwiri yotsatira, kubzala kumasungidwa m'firiji, pambuyo pake imayikidwa pazenera ndipo nthawi zina imathiridwa ndi kupopera mbewu. Pambuyo pakupanga 2 masamba mphukira imabzalidwa mumphika wosiyana. Ndipo atatha kuwonekera Masamba 5-6 - pamalo otseguka.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Strawberries amakonda mafangasi matenda, koma nthawi zambiri zimadabwitsa malembo... Chithandizo sichikhala chothandiza nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake ndi bwino kutenga njira zodzitetezera munthawi yake.
Verticillosis
Chitsamba chikawonongeka ndi verticillosis, chomera kufota ndi mapangidwe a mawanga ofiira achikasu ndi pafupifupi pachimake chakuda pa tuber. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza: Benorad, Fundazol. Amatha kuthana ndi chomera chodwala osaposa katatu pachaka.
Monga njira yodzitetezera, musanadzalemo, muzuwo umakhala wothira potaziyamu permanganate. Munthawi yachitukuko, masamba owonongeka ndi nthambi zimachotsedwa mwachangu.
Fusarium
Fusarium imawonetseredwa chikasu, mapepala owuma mwachanguchingwe chogwera. Masharubu amasanduka bulauni.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza: Benomil, Benorad, Fundazol. Ngati sikunali kotheka kupulumutsa chomeracho, dothi m'malo mwake limathandizidwa ndi Nitrofen.
Monga njira yodzitetezera, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: kusamutsa mabedi munthawi yachonde, kuyambitsa ufa wa dolomite m'nthaka, kusamalira tsambalo ndi fungicide.
Kuvunda imvi
Imvi yovunda imadziwika ndi mapangidwe mawanga akuda pabulosiyokutidwa ndi mulu wonyezimira wokhala ndi timadontho tating'ono takuda.
Pochiza, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito: Fundazol, Teldor, Bayleton, ndi zina. Monga njira yodzitetezera, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malamulo awa: mukamabzala, siyani malo okwanira pakati pa tubers, konzani mabedi munthawi yake, musagwiritse ntchito manyowa atsopano ngati nyambo.
Mizu yakuda yowola
Rhizoctonia kapena mizu yakuda yowola zimakhudza mizu, imadziwonetsera ngati mawanga a bulauni, kuyanika ndi kugwa masamba.
Palibe njira zothandizira matendawa, koma vutoli likhoza kupewedwa mwa kuthira mbande musanadzalemo ndikubzala tchire pamalo atsopano.
Tizirombo
Kuchokera ku tizirombo pa strawberries, mphutsi zimalowa Mulole kachilomboka ndi sitiroberi mite... Pachiyambi choyamba, masamba achikasu kwambiri ndi kugwa amawoneka koyambirira kwa nyengo. Ndipo chachiwiri - kusinthika kwawo ndikupotoza m'machubu.
Pamene tizirombo tapezeka, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yopulumutsa chomeracho. Ndikofunika kupopera tchire ndikukonzekera mwapadera: Karbofos, Neoron, Fitoferm, ndi zina.
Kuchokera mphutsi Mulole kachilomboka Kupewa kudzakuthandizani - chithandizo cha mabedi musanadzale ndi Bazudin, Antichrushch, Aktara, kubzala turnips pafupi, lupins ndi white clover. Kuwonekera sitiroberi mite Imalepheretsa kusamba kosiyanasiyana (kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi otentha ndi ozizira).
Aliyense amatha kulima mabulosi akuluakulu, amangofunika kuleza mtima pang'ono ndikupatsa chomeracho chisamaliro choyenera.