Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere, Azhur akuyenera kusamalidwa mwapadera, chifukwa cha mitundu ingapo yamaluso. Ndipo masamba athanzi obzalidwa m'munda mwake ndi omwe amawakonda popanga zakudya zokoma zopatsa thanzi ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira, m'nkhaniyi tikufotokozerani za phwetekere ili.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a phwetekere Azhur
Mitundu ya Azhur ndi ya mitundu yakucha msanga. Nthawi yakucha ukadaulo imabwera pambuyo pake Masiku 105-110 atapanga mphukira zoyamba.
Chomeracho chili ndi chitsamba chofananira, chokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira otseguka. Imafika kutalika kwa masentimita 80-90, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikule popanda thandizo lina. Inflorescence ndi yosavuta. Peduncle ndiyotchulidwa.
Zipatso za phwetekere ndizomwe zimakhazikika mozungulira, panthawi yakupsa kwaukadaulo zimakhala ndi utoto wofiyira kwambiri. Tomato iliyonse yamtunduwu imalemera 250-350 g... Zipatso zokhala ndi khungu lopyapyala koma lowundana komanso lokoma, zamkati zamkati, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kulimba komanso kuthupi.
Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi phwetekere ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa chopezeka ndi michere yambiri, mavitamini, mchere, shuga ndi ma organic acids.
Mbiri yakuswana ndi dera lokula
Azhur wosadzichepetsa wokhala ndi kukoma kwabwino ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya oweta zoweta ku Russia. Woyambitsa komanso wokhala ndi patent ndi Sedek.
Cholinga chopanga wosakanizidwa ndikumanga chikhalidwe m'malo otenthetsa kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira... Mitunduyi idalembetsedwa mu 2007 ngati mbewu ya masamba, pambuyo pake idayamba kutchuka pakati pa wamaluwa.
Kutchire, ndi koyenera kukula m'malo ngati: Astrakhan, Krasnodar Territory ndi madera apakati a Russia. M'madera akumpoto, kulima kumatheka kokha m'malo wowonjezera kutentha.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi zovuta zake
Makhalidwe abwino omwe mitundu yamtengo wapatali yamtengo wapatali ndi awa:
- mitengo yokolola kwambiri, kuchokera ku 1 m2 yamalo omwe mungatenge 7-8 makilogalamu, ndi ku chitsamba chimodzi - kuyambira 5 mpaka 8 makilogalamu phwetekere;
- kukoma kosayerekezeka ndi mawonekedwe akunja, chifukwa cha zipatso zazikulu ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola;
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa tomato ndi kukhazikika kwa kucha kwawo nyengo iliyonse;
- palibe chizolowezi cholimbana;
- kulimbana bwino ndi matenda ndi tizilombo, malinga ngati njira zonse zaulimi zikutsatiridwa;
- kuteteza maonekedwe ndi kukoma zipatso poyenda mtunda wautali;
- kusunga mtundu wabwino, womwe umakupatsani mwayi woti muzitha kusunga masamba obiriwira kwa miyezi itatu mukawayika pamalo ozizira;
- kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, popeza masamba ndi abwino komanso okonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Malinga ndi ndemanga za wamaluwa odziwa zambiri, izi sizikhala ndi zovuta zina, titha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira ndi feteleza wovuta, yomwe imasokoneza pang'ono chisamaliro cha tomato, komanso kudalira kwa kulawa kupezeka kwa michere m'nthaka.
Njira zaluso zakukula
Njira yolima mitundu ya Azhur m'malo owonjezera kutentha, malo otseguka ndi ntchito yosavuta yomwe sikutanthauza kuti pakhale zovuta, ndipo chisamaliro ndichosangalatsa komanso chotsika mtengo.
Kudzala mbewu
Njira yothandiza kwambiri yokolola zochuluka ndiyo kubzala mbande za tomato.
Chifukwa chake, njira yayikulu yaulimi musanadzalemo mbande ndi chithandizo cha mbewu, yomwe idzawonjezera kumera ndikuchepetsa nthawi yakumera ya mbande.
Njira zokonzekera mbewu zimafuna nthawi yambiri ndi chisamaliro. Magawo akulu ndikuphatikizira kusanja mbewu, kutenthetsa, kukonza njira yothetsera biostimulant yokhala ndi zoteteza ndi zoyambitsa, kuthira, kumera ndi kuumitsa.
Gawo la nthaka yobzala liyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya mbewu, kutenthedwa, osadulidwa, kudziwika ndi mchere wokwanira komanso asidi ndipo mulibe mankhwala omwe ndi owopsa pachikhalidwe.
Pakati paulendo mu masiku 55-60 musanadzalemo mbande, muyenera kuyamba kufesa mbewu, zomwe zimaphatikizapo izi:
- Musanadzalemo, tsitsani nthaka muzitsulo ndi moisten.
- Malo mbewu ziwiri kapena zitatukusiya mmera wopangidwa bwino pambuyo pake. Ngati bokosi lagwiritsidwa ntchito, nyembazo ziyenera kuzamitsidwa 1 cm, ndikuwona kuchepa kwa masentimita asanu.
- Thirani, kuphimba ndi zojambulazo kapena galasi ndikuyika m'chipinda chotentha 23-25 madigiri pamwamba pa zero. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbande za mtundu wa Azhur zimakonda kuyatsa bwino, mpweya wouma, dothi lonyowa ndipo sizingathe kulimbana ndi zojambulajambula, chifukwa chake, zimapanga malo abwino kutsatira zomwe chikhalidwe chimakonda.
- Mphukira zoyamba zidzawoneka masiku 5-7. Pakadali pano, kanemayo akuyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuthirira nthaka ikauma.
- Pambuyo popanga masamba 3-5, mbande zimayang'aniridwa namiza m'miphika yosiyana, pogwiritsa ntchito nthaka yatsopano. Kutola kumaphatikizapo kupanga mizu yowonjezera mwanjira yachilengedwe.
- Pakatha miyezi iwiri, pitani mbewu zazing'ono pamalo obiriwira kapena pamalo otseguka.
Kuika mbande pamalo otseguka
Mukamabzala tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pamalo otseguka, muyenera kuganizira za nyengo ndi njira yokula. Bwino pamene kutentha kwa nthaka kwakwera mpaka madigiri 15-17̊.
Kubzala kuyenera kuchitika madzulo. Izi zipangitsa kuti mbande zizolowere malo atsopanowo.
Magawo akulu obzala mbande pamalo otseguka:
- Musanadzalemo, sankhani malo okhala ndi nthaka yopumira komanso yotentha. Ndi bwino kulima masambawa pamalo okwera kapena pabedi lokwera. Oyambitsa akale ndi kabichi, nkhaka, zukini. Kukumba bedi lomwe mwasankha, mulingo ndi kusamalira zovuta za feteleza pogwiritsa ntchito kompositi, phulusa la nkhuni ndi superphosphate.
- Pangani matabwa okwerera, osasunthira mtundawo 40 cm, ndi pakati pa mizere - 50-60 masentimita pokonza bwino ndikukolola kosavuta.
- Bowo lililonse madzi bwino ndikuwonjezera zinthu zakuthupi.
- Bzalani mbande m'mabowo ndikuwaza modekha nthaka.
- Mukabzala, kuthiraninso mbewuzo pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda.
Chisamaliro
Kuti chomeracho chikhale chopatsa thanzi komanso cholimba, chisamaliro choyenera chikuyenera kupangidwa, chomwe chimaphatikizapo:
- kuthirira, kuchuluka kwake kumatengera nyengo ndi dera ndi chinyezi;
- wokhazikika kupalira ndi kumasula pakati pa mabedi;
- hilling panthawi yopanga mizu ndi kukula kwawo;
- mapangidwe a tchire ndikuchotsa kwakanthawi masamba amphukira omwe adakula pama axils, kuti tipewe kuchepa kwa zokolola komanso kuchepa kwa zipatso;
- kukhazikitsa njira zodzitetezera kuteteza mbeu ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga;
- kumanga ndikumangirira tchire lalikulu kuti likhale lothandizira pogwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofewa.
Makhalidwe a fruiting
Kuti mupeze phwetekere wabwino kwambiri, muyenera kutsatira malangizo onse ofunikira ndiwo zamasamba zokoma:
- Mbande osabzala pafupi wina ndi mnzake Pofuna kupewa kuchepetsa kukula kwawo ndikupitilira patsogolo.
- Patsani zomera ndi kuyatsa kwapamwamba, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, mwakukonzekera kuunika kochita kupanga.
- Mukamabzala mbande, muyenera kukumba masamba awo mozama pansi, mpaka masamba apamwamba.
- Kuti tomato akhale aakulu, muyenera kuchoka kuthengo osati ma inflorescence onse, koma pafupifupi atatu opangidwa bwino Magulu.
- Limbikitsani kukula kwa mbewu podula nsonga, ndipo poyambira kukonzekera kukonzekera kwanyengo, nthawi yambiri zipatsozo zipsa ndipo zidzakhala zokonzekera.
- Kuti muteteze phwetekere, sonkhanitsani nyengo yadzuwa masana, ndikuchotsa chipatsocho. Zokolola zomaliza ziyenera kuchitika kutentha kusanatsike mpaka madigiri 5̊ pamwamba pa zero usiku.
Nawa maupangiri ofunikira okuthandizani kukulitsa zokolola zanu.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Mitundu ya Azhur imawonetsa kukana kwambiri matenda omwe amapezeka mu tomato.
Chodabwitsachi sichimatengera chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda mochedwa, zojambula za fodya, malo abulauni. Tizirombo toyambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi nkhupakupa, nkhono, mbozi, njenjete.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda komanso kupezeka kwa tizirombo, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziwona:
- ikamatera gwiritsani mbewu zabwinoogulidwa m'masitolo apadera, kudalira opanga odalirika okha;
- kutsatira malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbewu ndipo osabzala tomato pafupi ndi mabedi a mbatata;
- pachaka sintha ikamatera, ndipo mwayi ulibe, ndikofunikira kukonza ndikubwezeretsa nthaka;
- pofuna kupewa utsi tchire zida zoyenera zotetezera;
- pezani ndi kuchotsa zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi matenda kapena tizilombo nthawi.
Olima minda ambiri adakonda mtundu wa Azhur ndikuupangitsa kukhala wokhalitsa pamabedi awo chifukwa cha zipatso zake zazikulu, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwawo komanso fungo labwino. Ndipo zokolola zochuluka zidzaperekedwa ngakhale nyengo ili yovuta.