Mbatata ndi mbewu yotchuka kwambiri ku Russia. Imakula m'munda uliwonse, ndipo pofika nthawi yophukira imachotsedwa m'malo osungira zinthu kuti isungidwe kwanthawi yayitali. Koma, mwatsoka, zimachitika kuti tubers za mbatata zimayamba kukhala zakuda. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha njirayi ndikusungira kosayenera. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika komanso zoyenera kuchita ngati mbande zimakhala ndi nthawi yozizira.
Mavuto osungira
Ngakhale masamba owoneka bwino amathanso kukhala ndi mabala akuda. Chifukwa chomwe izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndichinsinsi. Ngati vutoli lafalikira m'mbali zambiri za mbeu, pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
Kodi mitundu akhoza kusungidwa m'nyengo yozizira
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 380 ya mbatata. Zonse zimasiyana mtundu wa peel, zamkati, kulawa, kukula kwa mizu, ndi nthawi yakupsa. Mukamasankha mbatata kuti musungire nthawi yayitali, muyenera kutsatira chisonyezo china - chake kusunga khalidwe.
Kusungidwa kwa mbatata kumakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi mitundu yosankhidwa potengera nthawi yakucha. Mitundu yosayenera kwambiri ndikukhwima koyambirira, masamba oterewa amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pachakudya chilimwe komanso koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. Mitundu yapakatikati mpaka kucha yakucha ndiyabwino kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Mukamasankha teremu, muyenera kuyang'ana kuti kukhwima mwaluso kwa muzu kufikire Masiku 100-130... Mbatata zoterezi zimapanga khungu lolimba, limathana bwino ndi matenda, ndipo lili ndi matani ambiri.
Ndi bwino kugula mitundu ingapo ya mbatata ngati kulibe chidziwitso chodzala ndikusunga mtundu wina wazitsamba.
Malemu mitundu yaitali yosungirako choyenera kwambiri... Zili ndi zinthu zambiri zofufuzira ndipo zimatha mpaka masika popanda mavuto. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri: "Picasso", "Zhuravinka", "Lorkh", "Atlant", "Vesnyanka".
Kutentha koyenera ndi chinyezi cha mbatata
Sungani masambawo kutentha +2 +6 madigiri, ndi chinyezi cha mpweya chiyenera kukhala pamlingo 80-90%... Malo oyenera kwambiri osungira ndi cellar kapena chapansi.
Mpweya wabwino mchipindacho ndiofunika. Kutentha kwa 0-1 madigiri, mbatata sizimaola, koma zimakhala zotsekemera, ndipo thupi limada. Pa kutentha kwa madigiri 7-12, ma tubers amayamba kuphuka, kukhala ofewa, mawanga amawonekera pamkati.
Chifukwa chiyani mbatata imasanduka yakuda mkati panthawi yosungirako
Mdima ukhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda - imvi.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mdima:
- chikhalidwe sakonda zinthu zatsopano, pamene nayitrogeni wochuluka amamasulidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa bowa. Izi zidetsa mbatata;
- pachiyambi cha muzu mbewu, pali kusowa kapena kuchuluka kwa chinyezi;
- zokolola zimakololedwa nthawi isanakwane, zamkati zimadetsa mbatata zosapsa. Mbatata zachedwa, nthawi yotentha, zitha kuwonongeka zikasungidwa mchipinda chotentha;
- ngati zokolola zachitika mochedwa nthawi yachisanu, ma tubers amatha kutentha kwambiri ndipo zamkati zimatha kuda. Pakutentha kwa nthaka madigiri -2 ndi chisanu, ma tubers amayamba kuvunda;
- mayendedwe osavomerezeka: kugwedezeka, kukakamizidwa;
- zosungira zosayenera Kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutentha ndikokwera kapena kutsika kuposa madigiri 2-6;
- tubers zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa wowuma;
- kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda - alireza... Imafalikira kudzera kubzala; matenda ndikuda kumapitilira nthawi yosungidwa.
Chifukwa chiyani imasanduka yakuda masika
Zimakhala kuti masamba apulumuka m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo pakufika masika imayamba kukhala yakuda. Chifukwa chake chingakhale mpweya wabwino.
Mbatata imayamba kuvunda ndikubwera kwanyengo ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo imamera, zamkati zimada, zimakhala zotupa komanso zofewa. Pali kutsika kwakutentha kosungira. Chinyezi chimatulutsidwa ndipo izi zimathandizanso pazokambirana.
Zomwe zingachitike komanso zoyenera kuchita kuti masamba asadetse
Pofuna kupewa mbatata kuti isadetsedwe, muyenera kuwona momwe kutentha kumakhalira ndikusunga m'mabokosi amitengo okhala ndi mabowo olowera.
Ikani ma pallet ndikusunthira pamakoma pofika 20 cm... Chifukwa cha izi, mutha kupewa: kunyowa ndi kuzizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisankhe mbatata kamodzi ndikuchotsa zouma, zofewa, zowola. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiphimbe mbewu zomwe zimasungidwa munyumba ndi bulangeti lofunda.
Mukatha kukolola, muyenera pasanathe masiku 20 siya mbatata kuti zikatulukire mumlengalenga. Ndizoletsedwa kusunga muzu masamba ndi masamba ena kupatula beets.
Nthawi yachisanu
Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti masamba amatha kuzizira. Sizowopsa ngati mbatata sizinaphule. Koma ngati ziphuphu zawonekera, ndiye kuti kubwera kwa chisanu kumatha kukhudza zokolola zamtsogolo ndikuzimenya.
Kodi nyengo yozizira ndiyabwino pachikhalidwe?
Masika achisanu zowopsa kukolola mbatata. Izi ndizowona makamaka kumadera a Siberia. Zipatso zazing'ono za mbatata zimawopa chisanu ndipo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chisanu cham'masika ndipo kutentha kulikonse kuchokera 0 mpaka pansipa kumatha kupha mbewuyo.
Kodi mbatata zidzatha zokha zitazizira
Alimi ena amabzala mbatata koyambirira kwa Marichi, ndipo pamakhala zoopsa zozizira mbewu.
Ngati zimamera zazing'ono, izi zimatha kukhudza zokolola zamtsogolo, ngakhale mbatata zipitilizabe kukula pakatentha. Zomera zakale sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuzizira.
Momwe mungasungire pambuyo pa chisanu
Ngati mulonjezedwa chisanu, muyenera kuchichita mwachangu mbande zazing'ono chikhalidwe, ndipo pambuyo pa chisanu kutulutsa tchire ndiye zitunda.
Pofuna kupewa kuzizira ndikupatsa mbatata mpata wopulumuka ngati idawuma, mutha kuteteza masambawo ndikuphimba udzuwo. Alimi ena amayatsa moto pogwiritsa ntchito udzu, matabwa m'mphepete mwa nthaka yolimapo ndipo potero amateteza nthaka. Kuti muwonjezere utsi, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya mafuta amchere kapena phula lamoto pamoto. Muthanso kuphimba mabedi ndi zojambulazo.
Ngati chisanu chadutsa, ndipo masamba atha kale kuzizira, muyenera kupereka tchire mwayi woti adzichiritse. Tchire lowonongeka amatha kuchira, ngakhale ndi khama kwambiri. Kuti muthandizire mbewuyo, muyenera kuyidyetsa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Zifukwa zomwe mbatata m'munda ndizouma
Kutentha kwa mpweya kukatsika pansi pa madigiri ziro, kapena chisanu chausiku chimayamba mchaka, mbatata zimayamba kuzizira ndipo zimatha kuzizira. Izi zimakhudza mphukira, iwo sungani wakuda ndi kufota... M'tsogolomu, ngakhale mbewuzo zikapitilira kukula ndi "kusunthira kutali", zipatso zamkati zimatha kuyamba kuda.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati mbande ndi nsonga zinali ndi nthawi yozizira
Ngati chisanu chidayamba mosayembekezereka ndipo mbande zidazizira, muyenera udye mdima usanalowe mothandizidwa ndi: manyuzipepala, kanema wamdima, nsanza.
Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kusungunuka kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti nsongazo sizidzafota ndipo kuzizira sikudzakhala kwenikweni.
Momwe mungadyetse
Mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa zimafuna chithandizo nayitrogeni, komanso ndikofunikira kupangira zovala zapamwamba: nitrophoska 5 gr. 1 sq. m.
Kuvala masamba ndi 20 g wa urea pa 10 malita a madzi kumathandizanso. Kuti nsonga zachisanu zikhale ndi moyo, muyenera kuzipopera "Epinom Zowonjezera».
Ngati chisanu chimayamba pomwe mbewuyo yaphulika, koma sinakololedwe, ndiye kuti mutha kuyidyetsa ndi phulusa kapena potaziyamu. Pambuyo nyengo yozizira, ndikoletsedwa kukumba mbatata, muyenera kuyembekezera kutentha.
Choyamba ngati chisanu chimagunda mutabzala
Ngati, atabzala, adagwira ndikumenya chisanu, masamba adatha kuzizira, ndiye kuti apulumutse, ndikofunikira kuyambiranso ndikuchiritsa mwanjira yapadera.
Njira zopulumutsira mbeu ngati chisanu chimati:
- hilling... Pambuyo pa chisanu, zimamera zimavutika, chifukwa chake muyenera kulima mbewuzo kuti nsongazo zili pansi pa chitunda;
- kuphimba... Kutenthetsani mbeu ndi udzu wosanjikiza, udzu kapena utuchi;
- kuphimba mbewu ndi kanema. Kanema yekhayo ndi amene sayenera kukanikiza pa mphukira zazing'ono. Zikhomo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mozungulira ndipo filimuyo iyenera kukokedwa;
- kukonkha... Mbewuyo imayenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka mukakhala t 0. Madzi ayamba kusanduka nthunzi ndi kuteteza mbewuyo;
- kusuta kotentha... Pamwambapa zidatchulidwa za njira iyi yoteteza chisanu. Muyenera kuyatsa moto mbali zonse ziwiri za mbeu kuti utsi utsanulire kudera lonselo. Kuti mupange chophimba cha utsi, muyenera kuyatsa moto kuti motowo utenthe masentimita 50-70. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuwotcha udzu, nkhuni, manyowa. Moto uyenera kuyaka kwa maola 3-4 m'mawa. Njirayi imagwira ntchito pokhapokha nyengo yamkuntho;
- kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha chikhalidwe... Ndikofunikira kulimbitsa zakubzala mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa owongolera kukula ngakhale musanabzale mbewu. Amathandizira ziphuphu zazing'ono kupirira nyengo iliyonse. Odziwika kwambiri ndi Silika, Biostim, Epin Extra.
Kuti mudzisamalire nokha ndi banja lanu ndi mbatata m'nyengo yonse yozizira, muyenera kusankha mitundu yambiri "yolimba", komanso kutsatira malamulo osunga mbewu. Zokolola zochuluka!