Mitundu ya peyala iyi idapangidwa ku Timiryazev Agricultural Academy ndi asayansi Potapov ndi Chizhov. Powoloka, mitundu ya Lesnaya Krasavitsa ndi Olga idagwiritsidwa ntchitozomwe zinapatsa kukoma ndi kulimbana ndi matenda ambiri.
Pear Chizhovskaya adadutsa mayesero osiyanasiyana ndipo mu 1933 adagawidwa (akufuna kulimidwa) zigawo zitatu: Middle Volga, Central ndi North-West. Koma nthawi zambiri izi zimalimidwa m'minda ya madera a Samara, Moscow ndi Vladimirovsk. Munkhaniyi, mutha kudzidziwitsa nokha mawonekedwe ndi malongosoledwe a peyala ya Chizhovskaya - masiku akucha, mawonekedwe azisamaliro, matenda amitengo ndi njira zothanirana nawo.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Korona wamtengo, wopangidwa ngati piramidi kapena chulu, wopangidwa ndi nthambi zopindika pang'ono. Kutalika ndi makulidwe a mphukira zokutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira kapena khungu lakuda ndizapakati. Nthambi zamagulu ajambulidwa ndi utoto wotuwa, ndipo thunthu lake ndiimvi yakuda.
Kutalika kwa mtengo (mtundu wamba) kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 1.8 mpaka 2.5 mita... Manambala ang'onoang'ono (mapangidwe ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono, okutidwa ndi minofu yotayirira) amapezeka pachimtengo pafupifupi pansi. Mdima wofiirira, masamba opotoka pang'ono ndi ofanana ndi kondomu.
Masambawo ndi apakatikati ndipo ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owulungika, ndipo m'mphepete mwake muli ma denticles ang'onoang'ono. Masamba osalala pamwamba ndi pansi, amamangirizidwa ku nthambi pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings wa sing'anga kutalika.
Maluwa oyera a m'mimba mwake amakhala ofanana ndi mbale. Corolla imapangidwa ndi masamba okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu. Maluwawo, ngati maluwa, ndi oyera kwambiri. Amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence yamtundu wachishango, zidutswa 5-7.
Makhalidwe a chipatso, nthawi yakucha
Chizhevsky zosiyanasiyana zimapereka zipatso zapakatikati za obovate kapena mawonekedwe apakale, kulemera kwake kumatha kusiyana ndi magalamu 110 mpaka 140... Pamwamba pa mapeyala okhala ndi timadontho tating'ono taphimbidwa ndi khungu lowonda la matte, louma mpaka kukhudza.
Zipatsozo ndizofanana (utoto umatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera pakubiriwira mpaka wachikasu) wopanda mawanga owala ofiira. Amadziphatika ku nthambizo ndi mapesi amfupi. Chiwerengero cha mbewu zofiirira zokhala ndi maupangiri osongoka mu peyala imodzi chimasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa zidutswa 5 mpaka 10.
Zipatso zamtunduwu zimadzikopa ndi zamkati zonenepa pang'ono, zomwe zimatulutsa fungo lonama. Zamkatazo zimatha kukhala zoyera kapena zachikasu. Kukoma kowawasa-kokoma kwa peyala iyi kudavoteledwa kuchokera pamiyeso 4.1 mpaka 4.2 ndi oyipa. Zipatsozo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, komanso pokonzekera ma marinades, ma compote ndi timadziti... Shuga wambiri, zosungunuka komanso zowuma ndi vitamini P zidapezeka pakupanga mapeyala.
Mitundu ya Chizhovskaya ndi yamkati mwa nyengo yosakanizidwa yomwe imapsa kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira. (Ogasiti Sep). Zipatso zimatha kukhala panthambi kwa nthawi yayitali, koma chosangalatsa kwambiri, chakukhwima kwathunthu, chikaponyedwa pansi kapena udzu, sichimawonongeka ndipo chimasungidwa pafupifupi sabata. Pakutentha kwa madigiri 0, zipatsozo zimasungidwa kwa miyezi 2 mpaka 4... Zipatso zimapirira mayendedwe mtunda wautali.
Popeza peyala ya Chizhovskaya imangobzala zipatso ndi mungu wambiri (womwe umadzipangira chonde), kuti tipeze zokolola pafupipafupi, mitundu ina imabzalidwa pafupi - oyambitsa mungu (Rogneda, Severyanka, Lada). Kawirikawiri zimapezeka pamtunda wa mamita 4 mpaka 5 kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Izi zimakonda makamaka wamaluwa chifukwa chakuti mitengo imayamba kubala mbewu kale zaka 3-4 zolimidwa ndipo zimachitika pafupipafupi. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimatha kupanga makilogalamu 50 pamtengo.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Mwa mitundu ina, peyala ya Chizhovskaya ndiyodziwika bwino:
- zabwino kwambiri nkhanambo kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ena;
- mkulu nyengo yozizira hardiness;
- chipiriro nyengo yoipa.
Zoyipazi zikuphatikiza kuchepa kooneka kwa kulemera kwa zipatso ndikukula kwa mtengo. Ngati mapeyala achichepere ali ndi zipatso zolemera magalamu 110-140, ndiye kuti ali ndi zaka 10 amalemera pafupifupi magalamu 80-90.
Kusankha mipando ndikufika
Podzala peyala ya Chizhovskaya, amasankha malo owunikiridwa ndi dothi lopanda kanthu, lotayirira komanso chakudya chokwanira. Ndikofunika kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi apansi amakhala pansi kwambiri.
Yophukira imawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi yabwino kubzala.nyengo yokula ikatha (masamba atuluka kwathunthu ku mmera). Koma mutha kuchita izi mchaka, mpaka nthawi yomwe masamba adzuke (koyambirira kwa nyengo yokula).
Dzenje lodzala limakumbidwa 60 ndi 60 ndi 80 masentimita kukula.Ngati dothi lomwe lili pamalo ake kapena dacha siloyipa, ndiye kukula kwa dzenjelo kumakulitsidwa ndi 20-30 cm. Ngati dothi ndi dongo, ndiye kuti ngalandeyo iyenera kutsanulidwa pansi pa dzenjelo, lomwe liyenera kukhala ndi mchenga ndi miyala kapena zinyalala zazing'ono. Kutalika kosanjikiza kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 10 ndi 15 cm.
Pomwe pali mchenga wambiri m'nthaka, dothi ladothi limatsanulidwa pansi pa dzenjelo ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 10... Amachita izi kuti madzi ndi michere zisalowe pansi kwenikweni.
Ndibwino kugula mbande kuti mubzale zaka 1 mpaka 3. Koma mitengo yazaka 1-2 imazika ndikukula mwachangu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mbande zotere za Chizhovskaya nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 1,3 mpaka 1.8 mita. Kutalika kwa mizu kuyenera kukhala osachepera 20 cm, ndipo makulidwe a thunthu ayenera kupitirira masentimita 1-1.5.
Musanadzalemo, ndibwino kuti muzisamalira mizu mu yankho la heteroauxin kapena china chilichonse cholimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu.... Mizu imanyowa kwa maola 3 mpaka 12. Asanabzala, amayesedwa, kuthyoledwa, kuwuma komanso kutalika kwambiri amafupikitsidwa.
Mizu ya dzenje lobzala iyenera kukwana momasuka komanso mofanana. Kugona chisakanizo chadothi chikukonzedwa kuchokera panthaka yachonde, manyowa owola kwathunthu (humus), komanso potaziyamu sulphate (350 magalamu) ndi superphosphate (350 magalamu). Choyamba, nthaka yabwino yamaluwa imathiridwa pamizu (ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 15 cm), ndiyeno - ndi osakaniza ndi feteleza amchere.
Onetsetsani kuti mwatsimikiza kuti palibe zotchinga zopanda kanthu pakati pa mizu. Mukadzaza dzenjelo pakati, lipondereni pang'ono kuti dziko lisagwe ndi mizu.
Mukabzala, tsanulirani madzi ambiri pamalo obzaliramo ndikukweza nthaka yomwe ikungoyenderera. Ndikofunika kuti mulch padziko lapansi kuzungulira thunthu (kuphimba) ndi peat, mankhusu, tchipisi kapena matabwa. Njirayi imathandiza kuti chinyezi chikhalebe pansi, chimalepheretsa kupindika komanso chimateteza kuti namsongole asawoneke.
Musaiwale kuyika msomali pakati pa mizu mukamabzala, yomwe idzagwira mbande nthawi ya nyengo yoipa.
Chisamaliro cha peyala cha Chizhovskaya
Kusamalira peyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Chizhovskaya kumaphatikizapo kudyetsa, kuthirira, kudulira ndi kumenyana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira nthawi zonse nyengo yonse yokha ya mapeyala achichepere mzaka 3-4 zoyambirira mutabzala. Momwemo Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti dothi lathiridwa mpaka kuzama kwathunthu kwa mizu... Kuthirira kotere kumathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwachangu komanso kukula bwino kwa mbewu.
Mitengo yokhwima imathiriridwa kamodzi kokha nyengo (kuyambira 3 mpaka 7), koma madzi sayenera kupulumutsidwa. Onetsetsani kuthirira mapeyala musanatuluke maluwa ndipo akangomaliza kutha., komanso kugwa (kumapeto kwa nyengo).
Pambuyo kuthirira kapena kugwa kwamvula yambiri, dothi lozungulira thunthu limamasulidwa mpaka 10 cm mpaka 15.
Zovala zapamwamba
Kuti peyala iyi ikule bwino, kukula ndikupereka zokolola, chakudya chowonjezera chimafunika. Mitengo imadyetsedwa kamodzi pachaka kumayambiriro kwa masika... Kuti muchite izi, bwalo la thunthu limadzaza ndi manyowa owola (kutalika kuchokera 4 mpaka 6 cm), komanso feteleza wamafuta (azofosk kapena Kemira) nawonso amawonjezeredwa. Mtengo umodzi ndi wokwanira magalamu 100 mpaka 150.
Mitengo ya peyala yokhwima imadyetsedwa mu kugwa pakukumba... Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito ndowe zang'ombe zowola theka kapena feteleza wina. Muyeneranso kuwonjezera potaziyamu sulphate ndi superphosphate (250-350 magalamu aliyense). Kuti feteleza afike ku mizu mokwanira, amafalikira kuzungulira kwa korona ndikusindikizidwa pakukumba mpaka masentimita 35.
Zogwiranso komanso kudyetsa kowonjezera, yomwe imatha kuwongolera pang'ono kukula kwa mbewu. Ngati kuchuluka kwa zipatso pamtengo ndizochepa, ndiye kuti kudyetsa kumachitika ovary isanagwe. Ndipo ngati pali zipatso zambiri, ndiye kuti kudyetsa kumachitika pambuyo poti mazira ambiri agwa.
Kudulira
Mitengo yomwe yangobzalidwa kumene imangodulidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, ngakhale itabzalidwa kugwa. Mukamadzulira mbande, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti nthambi zammbali ziyenera kukhala pa thunthu osachepera 50-70 cm kuchokera pansi.... Kutalika kwawo sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Mphukira yapakati imafupikitsidwa kuti ikwere masentimita 15 mpaka 30 pamwamba pa nthambi yayikulu kwambiri.
Kwa mapeyala akuluakulu, kudulira kumachitika kawiri pachaka.... Pakudulira ukhondo, masamba onse osweka, owuma komanso matenda, komanso nthambi zakale amachotsedwa. Nthawi ina, kudulira komwe kumachitika kumachitika, mothandizidwa ndi kukula kwakulimba kwa mbewu ndikubwezeretsanso pamlingo wabwino, komanso kuchuluka kwa madontho a maluwa kumayendetsedwa.
Mukamapanga kudulira okalamba onetsetsani kuti mudula nthambi zosatha mpaka zaka 3-5 kapena mphukira. Ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe zikukula chaka chilichonse. Ngati ndi ochepera 15-20 cm, ndiye kuti kudulira kumafooka (kwa nthambi za zaka 2-3). Ngati kukula kukuchepera 15 cm, ndiye kuti mphukira zimadulidwa ku nthambi zakale. Pofuna kupewa korona kuti usakule, mbali ina ya nthambi za zipatso mkati mwake imachotsedwa.
Tizirombo ndi nkhondo yolimbana nawo
Peyala ya Chizhovskaya ikhoza kuukiridwa ndi tizirombo totsatira: aphid wobiriwira, peyala kachilomboka (honeydew), tizilombo tochepa ku California, kachilombo ka peyala, peyala ndulu mite, apulo maluwa kachilomboka ndi bukarka.
Mphutsi za Bukarka idyani minofu ya masamba ndi thumba losunga mazira a zipatso, chifukwa chake masamba ndi thumba losunga mazira zimasokonekera. Pofuna kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito Angio.
Apple imafalikira kafadala kumayambiriro kwa masika, amatola masamba otupa ndikudya zamkati. Chifukwa cha kuukiraku, impso zimataya madzi. Maluwa kachilomboka mphutsi, anaika mu masamba, kudya pistil ndi stamens. Maluwawo amasanduka bulauni kenako amauma. Mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kulimbana nawo: Iskra, Fufanol, Karate, Fastak ndi Sherpa. Kawirikawiri chithandizo chimodzi chokha chimachitika.
Matenda
Zina mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri pa peyala iyi ndi cytosporosis, khansa ya muzu ndi chisanu.
Cytosporosis Nthawi zambiri imawonekera pamakungwa a thunthu ndi nthambi zosatha zomwe zimapanga mtengo. Chimawoneka ngati malo ofiira ofiira, osowa pang'ono mkati. Posakhalitsa, ming'alu yayikulu imawonekera m'mphepete mwa banga ndi pamitengo yathanzi, ndipo khungwa pamabala limayamba kufewa. Ngati nthendayi yawonekera posachedwa, ndiye kuti tsambalo limatsukidwa bwino, limathandizidwa ndi sulphate yamkuwa ndi varnish yapadera yamunda.
Ophulika chisanu imawoneka ndikuchepa kwamphamvu kwa kutentha, pomwe mbali zakunja kwa mtengo zizizirala mwamphamvu kuposa zamkati. Mipata yomwe imabwera chifukwa cha chisanu imasalaza kukhala nkhuni zathanzi, kenako imathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena mkuwa sulphate ndikuphimbidwa ndi phula.
Khansa ya muzu imapezeka m'mapeyala ngati zophuka pamalo olumikiza, pafupi ndi kolala yazu komanso pamizu. Poyamba, zophuka zofewa zimawonjezeka kukula ndikulimba pakapita nthawi. Kutuluka kwa khansa ya muzu kumabweretsa kuyimitsidwa kwakukula ndi chitukuko cha mitengo yaying'ono. Zilibe vuto lililonse pa mapeyala akuluakulu.
Pofuna kuteteza matendawa kuti asawonekere m'munda mwanu, muyenera kugula mbande zabwino kuchokera kuzipinda zopangira mafakitale... Ndipo musabzale pamalo pomwe mitengo yazipatso yomwe idakhudzidwa idakulira.
Ndemanga
Borovchanka: Tinabzala mtengo wa peyala wa Chizhovskaya ku dacha pafupi ndi Borovsk mu 1998 ngati mmera wa chaka chimodzi. Mtengo unakula popanda mavuto. Ngakhale malowa ali paphiri ndipo amawombedwa kwambiri ndi mphepo, sikuda. Chaka chilichonse tinkayembekezera kuti chipatso chimodzi chimodzi tilawe. Nthawi zingapo panali zipatso zingapo, koma sitinapeze. Tidabweranso, mbalame zidakwanitsa kuzikola, ndipo zidagwa. Koma tapirira chifukwa cha kuleza mtima kwathu! Tapeza zokolola zabwino chaka chatha! Kukongola kwathu kumawoneka kokongola kwambiri ndi zipatso kotero tidapepesa pomulanda chovala chotere! Mwamuna adakondwera ngati mwana, ndipo adamupanikiza mosamala mapeyalawo. Kukoma kwamitundu iyi ndizodabwitsa. Zamkati ndi zokoma, zotsekemera. Ndi fungo labwino bwanji !!! Mutha kukula mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana mikhalidwe yathu. Msonkhano Wadziko
Syoma: Peyala Chizhovskaya inayamba kubala zipatso kwa zaka ziwiri mutabzala mmera, umabala zipatso chaka chilichonse. Frost m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilala imalekerera popanda zovuta zowoneka. Nyenyezi yam'munda