Palibe munthu m'modzi yemwe samakonda mbale ngati saladi wokomera nkhaka. Ndizosangalatsa makamaka ngati kulima kwa zelents kunkachitika pang'onopang'ono pawindo kapena pa khonde ndi manja anu. Pali gulu lamaluwa lomwe silimangokhala kulima zipatso zokoma komanso zathanzi m'nyumba zazilimwe, khonde nkhaka - kunyada kwa katswiri aliyense.
Kodi ndizotheka kulota za nkhaka zokula pawindo kapena pa khonde
Zitha kuwoneka zosatheka kwa wamaluwa ambiri oyamba kumene kulima nkhaka pawindo, koma izi ndi zenizeni. Zachidziwikire, muyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti mupeze zokolola, koma kwa iwo omwe amakonda kuwonetsa luso lawo muukadaulo waulimi, njirayi ndichisangalalo chenicheni. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchitoyi itha kukhala yosangalatsa pabanja.
Palibe zoletsa nthawi yakunyamuka. Koma kubzala ndichinthu chimodzi, ndipo kuyang'anira - kutsatira dongosolo ndi zochitika, makamaka nthawi yozizira - ndichinthu china. Zoyenera kuchita ndikukhazikitsa nyali yokhala ndi masana pafupi ndi bedi losakonzekera kuyambira Novembala mpaka Okutobala, kuthirira koyenera, chidwi chamaluwa, kutsina ndi garter. Kuunikira kosakwanira kumakhudza nyengo yokula.
Chifukwa chakusowa kwa nthawi, ndizotheka kubzala ndikukolola zipatso nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri yokula pawindo
Lamulo lalikulu la momwe mungakulire amadyera mchipinda ndikusankha bwino mbewu. Ndi mitundu iti yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pobzala? Mukatenga mitundu yoyamba yomwe ikubwera kuti mulime, kukula kwa mbande kumachedwetsedwa, zomwe, kumatha kubweretsa kufa kwa mmera.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ndi yoyenera kulima nkhaka pawindo.
Khonde
Mitundu yakucha yoyambilira yoyambilira yopatula masiku 40-42 kuyambira pomwe idatuluka. Zokolola pa mita imodzi iliyonse ndi 8-11 kg. Kuti mukule bwino kusiyanasiyana ndikupeza zokolola zambiri, chinthu chachikulu ndikuthirira moyenera molingana ndi malangizo.
Buyan
Izi sizitengera mungu ndipo zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yobala zipatso. Zelentsy zipse masiku 44-48 kuchokera pomwe mphukira zoyamba kuwonekera. Zokolola zambiri ndi 3.5-5 kg pa m2.
Nyerere
Makhalidwe ake ndi kupsa koyambirira kwambiri, zipatsozo zimawoneka patatha masiku 37-38 patatha masiku kumera kwa nthanga. Kuyendetsa mungu sikofunikira pachomera. Makilogalamu 10-12 atha kuchotsedwa pa 1 m2 mosamala.
Mpikisano
Mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umafunikira mungu ukakhala ndi zokolola zambiri (opitilira 25 kg pa 1 m2). Abwino kuti zenera zikule chifukwa cha kukula kwake kophatikizana komanso kukana kwamatenda.
Olimpiki
Chomeracho, ngakhale kuti chimakhala ndi chikwapu chachitali, chimasinthasintha bwino kuti chizikhala kunyumba. Zipatso zimapsa masiku 47-49 patatha masiku kumera pamwamba pa nthaka ya njere. Mukakulira wowonjezera kutentha mogwirizana ndi ukadaulo, mpaka makilogalamu 45 amachotsedwa pa 1 m2, kunyumba zimadziwikanso zokolola zambiri - zopitilira 24 kg pa 1 m2.
Malamulo oyambira kukula
Chinsinsi chopeza zokolola zabwino za nkhaka ndikwaniritsidwa kosasunthika kwa malamulo oyambira aukadaulo waulimi:
- Bzalani mitundu yokhayo yoyenera kulima pazenera.
- Thirani nthaka ndi mbeu.
- Onetsetsani momwe kutentha kumakhalira pagawo lililonse.
- Chotsani zojambula.
- Sungani chinyezi m'nthaka ndi mlengalenga, komanso mulingo wowunikira.
- Kuika kwakanthawi ndi garter, yambitsani feteleza ndi kudyetsa
- Kuti mumanyamula maluwa pamaluwa omwe amafunikira.
- Masulani nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mupereke mpweya ku mizu.
Ndi nthawi yanji yobzala nkhaka kunyumba?
Nthawi zambiri, kufesa mbewu kwa mbande kumachitika pang'onopang'ono mu Marichi. Patatha mwezi umodzi, mbande zokhwima zimasamutsidwa kumiphika zosiyana. Lingaliro ili limachitika chifukwa cha nthawi yoyenera chaka, pomwe sipadzakhala kuchepa kwa kuyatsa bwino.
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yoyenera kubzala molingana ndi ukadaulo?
Mutha kuyamba kufesa mu Januware, izi zimachitikanso pafupipafupi. Palibe malire okhwima pa nthawi yobzala mumsewu; pozindikira nthawiyo, munthu ayenera kutsogozedwa ndi mwayi wopanga nyengo yabwino pakukula kwa mbewu.
Nthaka yoyenera kulima mitundu yoyambirira mumphika
Pakukula nkhaka, nthaka yachonde yachonde imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Gawo lokonzedwa bwino la chilengedwe chonse kapena chosakaniza chodzikonzekeretsa cha magawo ofanana ndi choyenera: nthaka yachonde, humus, mchenga, phulusa, utuchi wovunda. Bwanji osachita izi kunyumba? Pazifukwa zokongoletsa, musadzaze nyumba yanu ndi zonunkhiritsa izi.
Kuti muteteze gawo lapansi, m'pofunika kuwotha mu uvuni. Mothandizidwa ndi njirayi, zidzatheka kuchotsa mphutsi zosiyanasiyana ndi ma spores, omwe pambuyo pake amatha kudwala ndi mphukira zazing'ono.
Kukonzekera mbewu zoti mubzale
Njira yokonzekera kufesa pakhonde siyosiyana kwambiri ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima mbewu kuthengo kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amapezeka mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate, muyenera kupeza mbewu zabwino kwambiri. Chofunikira pakulima kunyumba ndikumera koyambirira kwa mbewu. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa tchire lomwe limakwanira m'bokosi. M'nyengo yozizira, palibe malo oti mungabzala mbande zazikulu, ndipo ndichachabe kutaya mphukira zomwe zikukula. Kukakamiza mazenera onse ndi nkhaka si njira yothetsera vuto, chifukwa chake Ndi bwino kubzala zitsanzo zophuka zokha.
Kuti mufulumizitse kumera kwa mbande, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tithandizire mbewu ndi cholimbikitsira chisanadzafese.
Momwe mungamere ndikubzala kunyumba
Kufesa kumachitika mosavuta m'mabokosi amitengo kapena mumiphika yosiyana. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito makapu apulasitiki, ndikofunikira kuti pali bowo pansi kuti mutulutse chinyezi chowonjezera. Pambuyo kumera, nyembazo zimakwiriridwa m'nthaka yonyowa ndi masentimita 1.5. Mpaka pomwe mphukira ziwonekere padziko lapansi, chidebecho chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Maulamuliro otentha panthawiyi ndi osachepera 25 °. Pambuyo masiku 2-3, zidzakhala zotheka kuwona momwe madontho obiriwira amayendera nthaka. Mphukira zikawonekera, muyenera kuchotsa pogona ndikuchepetsa kutentha mpaka 20 °.
Ndikofunika kuyika mbande zokhwima ndi masamba 3-4 m'miphika yambiri, komwe kumayikidwa malita 5 a dothi. Komanso, eni ena amagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi pomwe tchire 3-4 limabzalidwa pa 1 m2.
Mphukira zimasamutsidwa kumalo atsopano mosamala pamodzi ndi nthaka, kuti mizu yofooka isawonongeke.
Kusamalira mphukira zoyamba ndi mbande m'nyumba
Kusamalira mbande kumasiyanitsidwa ndi mantha, pakadali pano ndikofunikira kuthandiza mphukira kuti zikhale zolimba, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri pakukula.
Kuyatsa masika ndi chilimwe
Nkhaka zimafuna kuwala kochuluka, choncho, ndi bwino kusankha zenera kapena loggia pazenera kuchokera kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. Pa masiku amvula komanso masika, muyenera kubweza kusowa kwa kuyatsa pakuyika nyali za fulorosenti. Pofuna kuteteza chomeracho kuti chisamaume ndi dzuŵa lomwe lili mchipinda chachilimwe, galasi limadzaza ndi tulle yopyapyala. Kuwunikira kowala kumateteza chikwapu ku radiation ya ultraviolet.
Kuunikira kowonjezera kumatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kalirole, zojambulazo ndi zowunikira zina zomwe zitsogolere dzuwa ku tchire.
Kuthirira nkhaka zamkati
Mbande imakhuthala ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Kwa ichi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito botolo la kutsitsi. Iyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi okhazikika otentha.
Kuvala pamwamba kwa mbande
Mukabzala, mbande zimasungidwa m'malo otentha ndi kutentha kwa 23 ° kwa masiku 25-28. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa mavalidwe angapo: nthawi yoyamba patatha masiku 15 kumera ndipo patatha masiku 10. Tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta monga kapangidwe ka zakudya.
Garter wa akulu lashes
Lash ikukula imafunika kuthandizidwa - kuti imangirire.
Kwa garter, ukonde wa trellis umagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe ndi wosavuta kukulunga mozungulira. Pambuyo pomiza pansi ndikuyikonza, muyenera kuyendetsa tsinde pakhoma lopangidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, iyenso adzakulunga ukondewo. Mutha kukonza, koma chitani mosamala kuti musawononge chomeracho. Tinyanga tambiri timachotsedwa.
Garter imapangidwanso ndi chingwe, chomwe chimakhazikika pachimango chopangidwa mwapadera ndi ma slats. Zotsatira za njirayi ndi iyi:
- Chingwe chimamangiriridwa pamwamba pa chimango (kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe);
- kumapeto kwa chingwe kumatsikira kuzu lazitsamba, kutembenukira (osati kolimba!) kangapo kuzungulira tsinde ndi
- kubwerera njanji pamwamba;
- malekezero onse a chingwe amangidwa pamodzi.
Ndi kutsina liti komanso motani?
Kuti muwonjezere zokolola, m'pofunika kupanga nkhaka chitsamba... Kawirikawiri, chomeracho chimayika mphukira zamphongo pa tsinde, zomwe zimatchedwa maluwa osabereka. Pofuna kupewa mapangidwe awo, m'pofunika kuchotsa mphukira zakumaso pambuyo pomangirira. Kenako masamba 6-8 amadutsa tsinde ndikutsinidwa (kudula m'mphepete). Njirayi imayambitsa mapangidwe a nthambi zowoneka bwino, pomwe amadyera amamangidwa bwino.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Madzi ofunda okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira, madzi ozizira amalepheretsa kukula kwa mizu ndikuchepetsa mapangidwe a mazira m'matumba. Muyenera kuthirira tchire kamodzi pa sabata. M'chaka, mphamvu ya hydration, ngati kuli kotheka, imakwera mpaka 2-3 sabata. Muthanso kupopera zikwapu tsiku lonse pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda, oyera.
Muyenera kuyambitsa feteleza m'nthaka pafupipafupi, pafupifupi nthawi imodzi m'masiku 10. Nthawi yoyamba izi zichitike patatha milungu iwiri mutabzala. Pazinthu izi, zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi mchere kapena zothetsera organic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- mullein ndi madzi (1:10);
- zitosi za mbalame ndi madzi (1:15);
- kulowetsedwa pa peel anyezi, ndi zina.
Momwe mungaperekere mungu molondola
Mukamasankha mitundu y mungu wochokera, mungu uyenera kutsimikiziridwa, m'malo otseguka, ntchitoyi imagwiridwa ndi njuchi.
Musanachite, muyenera kuphunzira kusiyanitsa maluwa osabereka ndi maluwa achikazi. Inflorescence yachikazi imapangidwa pachisindikizo chobiriwira chomwe chimawoneka ngati nkhaka yaying'ono. Njira yoyendetsera mungu imaphatikizapo kuchoka kwa mungu kuchokera ku duwa lamphongo kupita ku lachonde. Kuti achite izi, amadula maluwa osaberekayo ndikutsegula ma stamens momwe angathere, ndikuchotsa masamba onse. Chomwe chatsalira ndikungogwira stamens ya duwa lachikazi, ndikubwereza njirayi kangapo (kutsimikiza). Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti zisawononge inflorescence yosakhwima.
Momwe mungakulire nkhaka bwino pazenera? Chinsinsi chake chimakhala posamalira mbewu, zomwe zimawapatsa zokolola zochuluka.