Kuti akule mtengo, wamaluwa amathandizira minda yapadera ndikugula mbande zodzabzala. Koma pali njira ina, yomwe ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo itenga nthawi yochulukirapo.
Mutha kudzala mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku mbewu.
Kodi ndizotheka kumera mtengo kuchokera ku mbewu ya apulo kunyumba?
Izi zimatenga nthawi yayitali. ndipo zitha kukhala zowopsa. Chifukwa zipatso zomwe zimatuluka zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana kuchokera pachomera choyambirira.
Mukamamera mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku mbewu, zotsatira za kubzala zidzadziwika pokhapokha zipatso zoyamba, zomwe zimachitika mchaka chachisanu cha moyo.
Zinthu zomaliza zitha kupezeka:
- Mtengo wathunthu womwe umabala zipatso zokoma, zosiyanasiyana.
- Mtengo wamtchire wamtchire wokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono zoyenera kusinthidwa.
- Palinso mwayi wopeza chomera chokongoletsera, zipatso zake zomwe zidzakhala zokongola, koma osati zokoma.
Ngati mungatsatire zofunikira zonse pakukula mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku mbewu, pali mwayi waukulu wopeza mtengo wosiyanasiyana... Njira yabwino kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mmera wapachaka ngati chitsa cha mtengo wokhwima kale.
Kuti mudziteteze kuti musalandire zinthu zoyenera kubzala, ndi bwino kumera mbewu zochepayotengedwa kuchokera kumaapulo osiyanasiyana.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mbewu yoti mulimire mtengo wa apulo?
Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti kulima mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku mbewu ndi ntchito yolemetsa komanso yayitali, kotero kuti imatha bwino, muyenera kusankha mbewu zoyenera.
Ayenera kukhala olimba komanso okhwima. Zodzala izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wake wakuda ndi utoto wofanana.
Komanso sipangakhale kuwonongeka kwa mbewu, choncho muyenera kuzichotsa pa apulo mosamala momwe mungathere.
Pokonzekera bwino, tsatirani izi:
- Kusamba - kuchotsa zotchinga zomwe zimalepheretsa kumera, mbewu zomwe zasankhidwa zimayikidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi ofunda ndikuyambitsa ndi supuni yaying'ono kwa mphindi 3-5, ndibwino kubwereza njirayi kangapo. Kenako madzi amakhetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito sieve kapena gauze.
- Zilowerere - ndiye mbewu zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi ndikuyika pamalo otentha kwa masiku 3-4. Patsiku 3, alimi odziwa ntchito amalangiza kuwonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera pachidebecho. Madzi ayenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse kuti apume.
- Kusintha - mothandizidwa ndi njirayi, nyembazo zimaumitsidwa ndikukonzekera malo awo achilengedwe.
Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito supuni yamtengo kapena ndodo chifukwa izi sizowononga mbewu.
Pali njira zingapo zochitira stratification:
- Zinthu zobzala zimasakanizidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 1 mpaka 3, kenako zosakanizazo zimakhuthala mpaka madzi atayamba kulowa pamwamba.
- Malingana ndi wamaluwa, gawo labwino kwambiri ndi moss wothira utuchi.
- Kuphatikizanso mchenga, utuchi komanso mpweya wothandizira.
Mbeu ziyenera kukhala mu gawo lapansi kwa masiku 6 kutentha. Pakadali pano, adzatupa. Kenako amasamutsidwa ku firiji kwa miyezi 2-3.
Momwe mungamere mtengo wa apulo kuchokera pamwala. Kukhazikitsa mbewu:
Mikhalidwe yobzala mafupa
Mphukira zoyamba zikawonekera, amphamvu ndi athanzi mwa iwo amasankhidwa... Nthawi iliyonse pachaka ndi yoyenera kubzala mbewu kunyumba.
Mukamaliza kukonzekera, chitani izi:
- Pofesa mbewu, chidebe chapadera chimakonzedwa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala bokosi kapena chidebe. Payenera kukhala mabowo pansi kuti athetse chinyezi chowonjezera.
- Kenako ngalandeyo imapangidwa ndi dongo lokulitsa, miyala ndi zinthu zina zofananira.
- Nthaka yakuda imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthaka yachonde, nthaka yotere ili ndi zinthu zonse zofunika pamtengo wachinyamata.
- Mukamabzala, chiwembu chotsatira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito: m'lifupi pakati pa mizere ndi masentimita 15-20, ndipo pakati pa nyembazo ndi 2-3.
- Kukula kwake sikuyenera kupitilira masentimita awiri.
- Ndiye nthaka imathirira madzi ochuluka.
- Mukamwetsa mbewu, amachita mosamala kuti asawononge nthaka komanso asaulule mbewu yomwe sinakhwime.
- Tsamba lachiwiri likangowonekera pamitengo yakula, muyenera kuyisankhapo, kuchotsa mitengo yofooka ndi mitengo yamtchire yamtchire. Amasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana chifukwa amakhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono komanso owala kwambiri, minga imawoneka pachimanga. Chifukwa chake, mtunda pakati pa mitengo umakulirakulira mpaka masentimita 7-8.
Kunyumba, mitengo ya maapulo imasungidwa kwa zaka zosachepera 4., pakadali pano, azitha kulimba ndipo mtsogolomo adzakhala okonzeka kumusamutsa kumtunda.
Ngati nyumbayo siyilola kuti ikhale ndi nthawi yayitali yosungira mtengo wawung'ono, imatha kuikidwa m'munda, koma nthawi yomweyo amateteza chomeracho kuzizira, tizirombo, mphepo ndi mavuto ena.
Chaka chilichonse ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chidebe chomwe mtengo wa apulo umakula. Izi zithandizira mtengo kukhazikitsa mizu yolondola.
Momwe mungamere mtengo wa apulo kuchokera pamwala. Kubzala mbewu zophuka pansi:
Kuthirira - kwa mtengo wawung'ono wa apulo, kuthirira munthawi yake ndiye gwero lalikulu la moyo, popanda iwo, mizu yomwe sinakhale yolimba sichitha kulandira chinyezi chokwanira ndipo mtengo ungafe.
Ndikofunika kuchita izi kamodzi pa sabata, kupewa mapangidwe owuma.
Zovala zapamwamba - Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mzaka zoyambirira za moyo, zowonjezera zowonjezera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo manyowa kapena ndowe za mbalame, zitha kuwononga chomeracho.
Amatha kuyambitsa ndipo amatha kuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana a bakiteriya. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti m'malo mwa feteleza mulowe m'malo mwa humus.
Kuletsa kukula kwa masamba ndikusintha kusasira kwa nkhuni, kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, mtengo wa apulo umadyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu-phosphorous supplements.
Pa mita imodzi iliyonse yambewu, feteleza amatsanulidwa:
- 15-20 magalamu a potaziyamu mankhwala enaake;
- 30-40 magalamu a superphosphate.
Kotero kuti michere imalowerera muzu pakudya nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa mosamalitsa ndi kuthirira mochuluka.
Thirani kuti mutsegule
Mbande ikangofika zaka 4 zokha, imatha kubzalidwa pamtunda. Njirayi imachitika bwino kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi kapena Seputembala.
Kuti mtengo uzike pamalo atsopano, m'pofunika kusankha malo oyenera kubzala.
Kuunikira bwino kumathandizira pakukula kolondola komanso zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
Komanso muyenera kumvetsera msinkhu wa madzi apansi panthaka, Ayenera kukhala osachepera mita imodzi kuya. Tekinoloje ya njirayi siyosiyana ndi kubzala mbande zomwe zidagulidwa nazale.
Momwe mungakulire mtengo wa apulo kuchokera panthambi?
Ngati njira yolima mtengo wazipatso ikuwoneka yovuta kwambiri, Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kufalikira kwa cuttings... Kuti mupeze mmera ku nthambi, ntchito yokonzekera imayamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Njirayi ndiyotopanso, koma zitenga nthawi yocheperako ndipo ndizotheka kupeza mitundu yomwe mukufuna.
Momwe mungakonzekerere cuttings kafalitsidwe
Olima minda ambiri amayesetsa kupeza mmera podula nthambi zomwe sanakonzekere ndikuziyika m'madzi. Koma pakadali pano, sizokayikitsa kuti mwina kudikira kuti mizu iwonekere.
Kuti izi zitheke, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira - koyambirira kwachisanu, kudula kumakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito izi:
- Poyamba, nthambi yolimba, yaying'ono komanso yakucha imasankhidwa; zaka zake ziyenera kukhala zaka 1-2.
- Pakati pake pakenera kuthyoledwa popanda kuwononga khungwa. Pachifukwa ichi, dera lomwe lasankhidwa limakhazikika mpaka crunch itawonekera.
- Kenako malo ovulalawo amabwereranso ndi tepi kapena tepi yamagetsi.
- Gawo lomaliza lidzakhala lolumikiza chithandizo, chomwe chimatha kukhala ndodo wamba. Sakulola kuti nthambi yowongoka iongoke.
Kodi mungabzale bwanji mbewu zokonzeka kubzala?
Pambuyo pakapangidwe kaziphuphu, mtengowu uyesera kuti uwachiritse, chifukwa izi zimapatsa chakudya chochuluka malo ovulala.
Mothandizidwa ndi izi mu Epulo, mtengo wa apulo udzakhala wokonzeka kuyamba kuswana:
- Gawo loyamba ndikuchotsa kumulowetsa, pambuyo pake nthambi imadulidwa m'malo owonongeka.
- Pakumera kwa cuttings, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito botolo lakuda lodulidwa lodzaza ndi madzi osungunuka kapena madzi amvula.
- Pogwira bwino ntchitoyi, mapiritsi angapo a kaboni adasungunuka m'madzi.
- Mukadzaza beseniyo pamlingo wa masentimita 10, mutha kuyikamo zidutswa 10.
- Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, mizu idzawonekera pansi pa masamba omwe ali m'madzi.
- Botolo lokhala ndi nthambi zophuka limayikidwa bwino pazenera.
Mizu ikangofika kukula kwa masentimita 7, imatha kuikidwa pamalo otseguka.
Ngati mtengo wawung'ono umapatsidwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse ndi kutetezedwa ku kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndiye kuti ungazolowere msanga zikhalidwe zatsopano.
Kuphukira mtengo wa apulo kuchokera munthanga ndichinthu chovuta kwambiri., zomwe zingathe kuchitidwa ndi wolima dimba wodziwa zambiri, koma kufalitsa kwa cuttings ndiyenso koyenera wamaluwa wamaluwa.
Mulimonsemo, mtengowo udzakhala wokondedwa kwambiri pamalopo.