Mulching strawberries ndi njira yaulimi yomwe imathandizira kuti mlimi azivutika komanso kupewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha mbewu. Kudziwa bwino zaukadaulo komanso nthawi yoyika mulch, mawonekedwe azida zithandizira kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri osamalira mbewu ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Munkhaniyi, tikambirana zamomwe mungapangire mabulosi a sitiroberi, momwe mungawaze mabedi ndi chifukwa chake mumafunikira.
Kuyika mulching ndi chiyani?
Kukula kolondola ndi kubala zipatso kwa mbewu ndizosatheka popanda kupangika dothi nthawi zonse. Chofunika kwambiri pa izi chimaseweredwa ndi nthaka. Ndi amene amakhala pachiwopsezo chazovuta zambiri. Mvula imakokolola mchere, kusintha kwa mphepo ndi kutentha kumabweretsa kuyanika ndi kuzizira.
Izi sizabwino pantchito zamoyo m'nthaka, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga humus. Zimasunthira mbali zakuya, ndipo nthaka yataya chonde.
Mulching - kuphimba nthaka pansi pa zomera ndi organic ndi zochita kupanga. Izi zimamuteteza kuzinthu zonse zoyipa. Kuchulukitsa kuberekana kwazinthu zamoyo, ma minwode ndi tizilombo topindulitsa, komwe pamodzi ndi ma organic acid amapanga gawo lachonde.
Mulch imatseka kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndikupangitsa kuti zovuta za namsongole zikule. Chomwe chimakulirakulira ndikukula kwa mulch, ndikofunika kutetezera namsongole. Katundu wambiri wa mulch amateteza mizu yazomera ku kuzizira, kutentha kwambiri ndi chisanu.
Mulch wosanjikiza umachepetsa kutuluka kwa chinyontho m'nthaka, komwe kumachepetsa kufunika kothirira. Zimasokoneza kulowa kwa ma virus ndi fungal spores kumizu ya strawberries, kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa vuto la mizu, rhizoctoniae, verticillosis. Zipatso zakupsa sizimakumana ndi dothi, kuchuluka kwa zowola sikuchotsedwa.
Pakutha, mulch wa organic amapangira michere yonse yofunikira ku strawberries. Amalowa pang'onopang'ono m'nyengo yonse yokula, ndikusunga mchere pakati pa mizu ndi gawo lapamwamba la sitiroberi.
Musanasankhe zofunikira pamtanda, muyenera kusankha pazomwe mukufuna kuchitazo. Kutengera ndi zomwe zasankhidwa, mulch umatha kukhala gwero la zakudya za strawberries, kuteteza kumatenda, kapena kungopanga malo abwino m'nthaka.
Malamulo a mulching strawberries
Nthaka pansi pa zomera sayenera kukhala pansi pa mulch chaka chonse. Masika, amafunika kutentha. Kupanda kutero, nyengo yokula ya mbewuyo ichedwa kwambiri. Strawberries imangosungunuka pokhapokha maluwa osunga maluwa.
Mulching imatha kuchitidwanso nthawi yachilimwe. Mosasamala kanthu za tanthawuzo, nthaka ndi zomera ziyenera kukonzekera musanaike zinthuzo:
- kumasula nthaka;
- chotsani namsongole, masamba odwala, masharubu owonjezera;
- madzi ochuluka;
- pangani kudyetsa kwa nyengo.
Nthawi yoti mulching yachisanu ya strawberries ndi kumapeto kwa Seputembara, pomwe chomeracho chikukonzekera kugona. Munthawi imeneyi, mulch imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati imodzi. Izi ndizodzitchinjiriza ku kuzizira kwambiri kwa nthaka m'nyengo yachisanu yopanda chipale chofewa, kuwononga mizu nthawi yachisanu.
Sikokwanira kuyika mulch; nthawi yotentha muyenera kuwunika momwe mulili. Zida zamagetsi zimafunika kusokonezedwa pafupipafupi ndikusintha malo owola m'malo mwake. Zinthuzo siziyenera kukhala zokwanira motsutsana ndi zimayambira za tchire, payenera kukhala kusiyana kwa masentimita 1-2 kuti pakhale mpweya wambiri.
Kusankhidwa kwa zida ndi malamulo a mulching
Ndemangayi ikupereka zida zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zonse kuti mulching strawberries. Mutatha kuwunika maubwino ndi zovuta zawo, mutha kusankha mulch woyenera pazikhalidwe ndi zolinga zake.
Mphasa
Udzu ndi mtsogoleri wodziwika wazida zonse zoyenera ma strawberries. Zouma zokha ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizira.
Udzuwo umakhala ndi ulusi wovuta kuwola, womwe umateteza ku kuwola msanga. Pachifukwa chomwechi, ndi gwero loipa la zakudya, kuwonjezera apo, limatulutsa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Kubwezera kutayika kwa mchere ndikupatsa tchire chakudya, udzu umaphatikizidwa ndi kompositi kapena manyowa ovunda.
Udzu umakopa mbewa ngati pothawirapo ndipo umabalalika ndi mphepo yophukira. Chifukwa chake, pantchito yophukira, imasonkhanitsidwa ndikuchotsedwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira, mulching imachitika ndi zinthu zoyenera.
Dothi lokwanira bwino la dothi lotakasuka ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. M'masiku ochepa lidzakhazikika mpaka masentimita 5-7. Pa dothi lolemera, limadulidwa, lomwe limayikidwa osapitirira masentimita 3-5, ndikupanganso nthaka masiku khumi ndi atatu.
Kodi mulch strawberries ndi singano?
Ubwino wa singano ndizambiri za phytoncides ndi bactericidal zinthu. Ndi chitetezo champhamvu ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Zinthu zomwe zili muzipangizo za coniferous zimapangitsa kukoma kwa ma strawberries.
Zikopa za singano pang'onopang'ono zimachepetsa nthaka. Chifukwa chake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dothi la acidic pang'ono kapena laimu (50 g / 1 m2) imawonjezeredwa mulch isanayikidwe.
M'madera okhala ndi chilimwe chotentha, muyenera kuganiziranso: masingano amateteza nthaka mopepuka. Singanozo zimagona pansi paliponse pomwe udzu umera mosavuta. Zatsimikiziridwa pakuchita: kuteteza motsutsana ndi namsongole, ayenera kukhala wosanjikiza masentimita 30. Ndizovuta komanso zosatheka.
Masingano owoneka bwino komanso achikaso a pini amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch. Amayikidwa osanjikiza masentimita 3-5. M'chaka, mulch wakale umasinthidwa kapena kuphatikizidwa pansi panthaka.
Udzu, udzu watsopano ndi manyowa obiriwira
Kodi ndizotheka kapena osaphimba mabulosi ndi msipu kapena udzu watsopano? Mitengoyi imakhala ndi michere yosavuta kudya ndipo imapatsa thanzi ma strawberries. Koma kwa kanthawi kochepa chabe.
Kuwonongeka mwachangu kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mulch wosanjikiza ndi kuvunda kwa zigawo zotsika zazitali. Powola, zinyalala zazomera zimakhala chifukwa chakupha sitiroberi ndi zinthu zowola.
Udzu ndi woyenera kudyetsa kanthawi kochepa ma strawberries. Kuti apange nthaka yabwino, adzafunika kuyala ndi masentimita 7-10 ndikusinthidwa ndi mulch watsopano masiku khumi ndi asanu. Ndimagwira ntchito kwambiri.Asanagone, udzu wodulidwa umauma, mbewu zomwe zili ndi mbewu zambiri zakucha zimachotsedwa. Mzere wabwino kwambiri ndi masentimita 3-5.
Makungwa a mtengo
Pa mulching strawberries, gwiritsani ntchito khungwa la paini kapena larch laling'ono kapena laling'ono. Amakhala ndi ma tannins pang'ono, chifukwa chake sipadzakhala acidification m'nthaka. Ndi chinthu cholimba kwambiri cha mulch ndipo ndiyeneranso nyengo yozizira. Zitha mpaka zaka 5.
Makungwawo amateteza nthaka kuti isatenthedwe kwambiri ndi kuzizira, imawoneka bwino m'munda, koma imakhalabe ndi chinyezi choyipa kwambiri. Mudzafunika kuthirira mobwerezabwereza. Mzere wofunikira wa mulch ndi masentimita 5-7.
Utuchi
Utuchi umaola pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuwawona ngati gwero la chakudya. Pachifukwa chomwecho, utuchi ukhoza kukhala zaka zitatu. Pamalo oyipa a mulch wotere amasokoneza mayendedwe a slugs ndi nkhono, alipo ochepa.
Utuchi umayamwa kwambiri chinyezi, mpaka izi zitachitika, sipadzakhala madzi otuluka kumizu ya chomeracho. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kukulitsidwa, koma kufunika kwa izi kumachitika kawirikawiri.
Pofuna kuti mulch mulowe, utolankhani wolumikizana umafalikira padziko lapansi, utuchi umayikidwa pamwamba ndi masentimita 5. Utuchiwo ndi woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yotentha komanso yozizira.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito makatoni molondola?
Makatoni amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera malo abwino padziko lapansi. Pachifukwa ichi, kumapeto kwa nyengo, zidutswa zikuluzikulu za makatoni zimadzaza pakati pa tchire, ndikusiya mabowo mozungulira tchire. Mphepete ndi kulumikizana kwa katoniyo ndizokhazikika ndi zinthu zolemera.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa kumachitika kudzera m'mabowo. Pofuna kudyetsa strawberries nthawi yachilimwe, 3-5 wosanjikiza wa kompositi amatha kufalikira pansi pa katoni.
Spandbond ngati mulch
Izi ndizopangira geosyntheticamapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera. Sipereka kuwala, kumateteza kutentha ndi chinyezi m'nthaka. Kuthirira ndi feteleza kumatha kuchitika kudzera mu spandbond.
Makampani odziwika:
- Agrin (Ukraine);
- Agrotex (Russia);
- Lutrasil (Germany);
- Agil (France);
- Zomera-Mapuloteni (Poland).
Kwa mulching strawberries, sankhani zakuda zakuda ndi kachulukidwe ka 60 g / m2.
Musanabzala mbande za sitiroberi, zimafalikira pamwamba pa bedi lamaluwa ndipo zimadulidwa m'malo obowoleza mtsogolo. Mphepete mwa spandbond ndiotetezedwa ndi zikhomo kapena zinthu zolemetsa. Kuti mulch mbewu zomwe zabzalidwa kale, agrotextiles amafalikira pakati pa mizere, ndikuphimba nthaka kuzungulira tchire momwe angathere.
Spandbond itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chonse. Ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi putrefactive mabakiteriya, nkhawa makina ndi kutentha otsika. Moyo Service 3 zaka.
Kodi mungatani kuti mulimbe mabulosi ndi kanema?
Kuti mulching strawberries, gwiritsani kanema wakuda wokhala ndi makilogalamu 30. Makanema atha kukhala zaka 3. Zinthu zopepuka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito nyengo imodzi. Kwa madera otentha, opanga amapereka makanema okhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera ndi othandizira akuda. Nthawi yomweyo imanyezimiritsa kunyezimira kwa dzuwa ndikusunga chinyezi.
Ukadaulo woyika mulch mu kanema ndi wofanana ndi spunbond. Kuthirira kokha pankhaniyi ndi microdroplet pansi pa filimuyo kapena kuthiriridwa kwanuko kudzera m'mabowo.
Kusakaniza kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mulch kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa kwa strawberries. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kuphatikiza zotsalira zouma, makungwa ndi utuchi ndi magawo obiriwira azitsamba, kompositi kapena manyowa ovunda. Mulch uyu amapanga malo abwino ndikusamalitsa mbewuzo.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa zakubisa mulungu kapena masika
Kuphatikiza ma strawberries kumayambitsa mkangano pakati pa wamaluwa, pomwe munthu amatha kumva malingaliro osiyana kwambiri. Pali madandaulo azokolola zambiri modabwitsa pambuyo pothira mulch komanso zoyipa zake pama sitiroberi. Kuwona zabwino ndi zoyipa zidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa mulching.
Ubwino
Kutengera ndi zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, mulching ingathandize kuthana ndi ntchito zambiri za m'munda.
Ndi:
- kupewa kutentha kwa nthaka nthawi yotentha ndi hypothermia m'nyengo yozizira;
- kuteteza chinyezi m'nthaka;
- kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa namsongole;
- kuteteza motsutsana ndi kulowa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka;
- kupewa kukokoloka kwa nthaka;
- kuteteza zipatso za zipatso zakupsa nthawi yotentha;
- kuteteza dothi looseness;
- mapangidwe ambiri mizu yopatsa chidwi;
- kuchepetsa nthawi yakucha.
Mndandanda wochititsa chidwiwu umaphatikizapo ntchito zambiri komanso ndalama zikamachitika padera.
Zovuta
Chimodzi mwazovuta za olima wamaluwa amatcha kubzala kwa slugs ndi nkhono.... Kwa iwo, mulch wonyowa wamkati wokhala ndi mulch umakhala pobisalira m'masiku owuma a chirimwe, ndipo zinthu zowola zowola zimakhala chakudya. Mavuto a tizilombo ndi okongola.
Ichi si chowiringula chosiya mulching.
M'madera omwe muli tizirombo tambiri, utuchi kapena singano zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pangani biocenosis yachilengedwe yomwe ithandizire kuti anthu okhala mollusc azikhala oopsa.
Chosavuta china cha mulch ndikuwola kwa zigawo zapansi m'nyengo yamvula yotentha kapena ikagona panthaka yolemera yadothi. Ntchitoyi ndi yosavuta kuthetsa. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nyengo yachigawo, osayika dothi lalitali, ndikuwunika mulch nthawiyo.
Mulching strawberries okhala ndi zinthu zokhalitsa atha kutenga gawo loipa kuzizira. Pachifukwa ichi, kutentha konse kumatsalira m'nthaka, ndikuwonjezera kuzizira komwe kumazizira kumtunda kwa sitiroberi. Kuwonetsetsa momwe nyengo ikunenera kumathandizira kubzala mbewu munthawi yake.
Kuipa kwa mulching kumatchedwanso kukopa kwa makoswe, tizilombo ndi mbalame. Komabe, izi ndizovuta kuziwona ngati zovuta zina. Munda wamaluwa wokhala ndi masamba ndi zipatso zambiri umakhala wokongola kwa tizirombo tawo.
Akatswiri ali otsimikiza: kusazindikira bwino zakuthupi, dothi lapawebusayiti komanso nyengo yadzikoli kumabweretsa zokumana nazo zoyipa. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mulching sichimasankhanso mitundu ina ya chisamaliro cha sitiroberi, chifukwa chake simungathe kuyitenga ngati yankho pamavuto onse.