African swine fever (ASF) amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamatenda opatsirana oopsa kwambiri komanso owopsa. Chiwerengero chaimfa pakati pa nyama zakutchire ndi zoweta ndichokwera kwambiri. Tizilomboto timakhudza ziweto zonse, ngakhale tili ndi zaka zambiri komanso mtundu wa ana a nkhumba... Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti ASF siyikulowetsedwa kwa anthu, koma imabweretsa kutayika kwakukulu kuulimi, chifukwa sanapange seramu yothandizira matendawa. Munkhaniyi muphunzira za zizindikilo za matendawa komanso momwe mungapewere.
Matenda a nkhumba ku Africa
African swine fever ndi matenda opatsirana a nyama. Gwero la matenda - DNA yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka. Ili m'gulu lina. Pali mitundu A ndi B ya kachilomboka, komanso subspecies C. Imagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, sikutanthauza kuzizira, kuwola komanso kuyanika.
ASF idabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku South Africa... Zizindikiro zoyambirira za kudwala zidalembedwa mu 1903. Pambuyo pake, kachilomboka kanapezeka ku Portugal ndi Spain, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko ku Central ndi South America. Masiku ano, mwayi wopeza matendawa uli kulikonse padziko lapansi.
Matendawa amatengedwa ndi nkhumba zomwe zapezeka kapena zapezekaomwe amanyamula tizilomboto mpaka miyezi 18.
Matendawa amalowa mthupi kudzera m'mimbamo yowonongeka, khungu, magazi, kulumidwa ndi tizilombo, ndi zakudya zoyipa komanso chakudya. Ndi kuonekera kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira, pafupifupi 37% ya anthu amayamba kudwala matendawa. Matendawa ndi owopsa, mosasamala kanthu komwe chiweto chimasungidwa.
Zizindikiro zoyamba
Nthawi ya makulitsidwe kumatenga 1-2 milungu. Chifukwa chake, sizotheka nthawi zonse kuzindikira. Kutengera kukula kwa matendawa, zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zimawoneka:
- mkulu kutentha (pamwamba pa 40 ° C);
- kusowa chilakolako;
- chiwonetsero cha mphwayi;
- cholepheretsa mpweya;
- kuchotsa kuchokera mphuno ndi maso;
- nthawi zina - molt;
- waukali, wopanda nzeru mlandu;
- kuphwanya luso lagalimoto;
- kukanika kwa mundawo m'mimba;
- kuvulala, edema yocheperako;
- malungo osiyanasiyana;
- chibayo;
Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa zizindikilo (kusintha kwa ma virus), mwina sizingawonekere munyama zonse.
Matenda ndi atypical mawonekedwe a matenda
Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda, kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yayitali ndi matenda.
Mliri wosatha amatha miyezi iwiri kapena kupitilira apo. Nkhumba zimadwala matenda otsekula m'mimba mobwerezabwereza, matenda a malungo, kusowa kwa njala, chibayo. Nyama zimachepetsa, khungu lawo limakwinyika, mikwingwirima imawonekera m'makutu, mchira ndi ziwalo. Ndi mtundu wa matendawa, zizindikilo zamankhwala zimatha kusiyanasiyana. Matenda onse amatuluka ngati nyama yakupha.... Kachilomboka sikachotsedwa mthupi, ndipo nkhumbazi zimakhalabe zonyamula kachilomboka.
Matenda achilendo aku America Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu nkhumba zoyamwa ndi oyamwitsa omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamayi, kapena ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a serogroup B. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, matendawa amawonetsedwa mwa kukana kudya, conjunctivitis, ndi kuvulaza. Nkhumba zina zimachira kwathunthu, pomwe zina zonse zimakhala ndi zovuta ndi ma virus apakhungu ena. Chifukwa cha ichi, chibayo chachikulu ndi gastroenterocolitis zimawoneka, zomwe zimatha ndikufa kwa nyama mkati mwa masiku atatu. Nkhumba zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka sizichira bwino ndipo zimakhalabe zonyamula matendawa kwanthawi yayitali. Imfa Zikatero ndi 30 - 60%.
Mpaka pano, katemera wogwira ntchito yolimbana ndi matendawa sanapangidwebe, ndipo kulibe mankhwala omwe angachiritse. Kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa nyama zodwala pafupifupi 100%.
Matenda a ASF
Popanda kuyezetsa labotale, ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa matenda olondola a mliri waku Africa. Matendawa amachitika pamatenda am'magazi ndi epizootological, zizindikiritso zamankhwala komanso zotsatira zoyeserera labotale. Pachifukwa ichi, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera ku nyama zodwala, ndipo zidutswa za ziwalo zimatengedwa kuchokera ku mitembo.
Kutumiza tinthu ta ndulu kuchokera kuzinyama zambiri kumachitika ngati kachilomboka kangathe kudzipatula ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa matenda. Biomaterial imasamutsidwa mwamtundu wabwino ndikuperekedwa kwakanthawi kochepa. Chifukwa chake, tinthu tonse timayikidwa m'thumba, kenako muchidebe chokhala ndi ayezi. Zidutswa siziyenera kuziziraine, kuzirala kosavuta ndikwanira.
Zitsanzo zamagazi zamagetsi zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi ma enzyme (ELISA) ayenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku nyama zomwe zadwala kwanthawi yayitali kapena zomwe zakhudzana ndi ana a nkhumba omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ndikukayikira kuti zili ndi kachilombo ka mliri.
Chithandizo cha mavairasi, kupatula
Mpaka pano, palibe mankhwala omwe apangidwa kuti athane ndi matendawa, ndipo Matenda a nkhumba ku Africa amawerengedwa kuti amapha... Munthawi yoyamba yanthenda, yomwe yadzetsa kukayikira kwa ASF, minda ina ya nkhumba imapereka katemera mwadzidzidzi kwa nyama zonse. Izi zimathandiza kupulumutsa nkhumba zina zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka. Tekinoloje ya ziweto, ziweto zonse amaphedwa kudera lakutali lotsatiridwa ndi kuwotcha mitembo.
Njira zachikale zopewera matenda
Pakuti, kupewa matenda ulimi wa nkhumba, onse okhala ndi classical distemper ndi ASF, ayenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- kugula chakudya m'malo omwe mulibe matenda opatsirana. Chithandizo cha kutentha musanadye;
- mwadongosolo tengani mankhwala kufamu ndi kusungira nkhokwe, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala osiyanasiyana;
- pewani nkhumba kuti zisagwirizane ndi nyama zakumafamu ena, ziweto ndi mbalame zodya nyama zomwe zimatenga matenda;
- osabweretsa zida zosapatsira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku famu ya nkhumba, komanso mayendedwe kuchokera kumalo owonongeka omwe sanakonzedwe;
- kugula nkhumba kokha ndi zikalata zanyamazomwe zimatsimikizira zaumoyo wa nyama. Nkhumba zatulutsidwa ziyenera kudzipatula zisanalowetsedwe mu khola;
- pafupipafupi Katemera wa matenda akulu, musaiwale kuchita mayeso owona za ziweto. Kupha nyama kuyenera kuchitidwa m'malo apadera.
Pakukayikira pang'ono kuti matendawa, nkhumba iyenera kukhala yokhayokha, ndipo kufikira nyama zina kuyenera kutsekedwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, tumizani kukaphedwa.
Kodi malungo a nkhumba ku Africa ndi owopsa kwa anthu ndipo kodi nyama zoterezi zitha kudyedwa?
Mukafunsa funso ili: "Kodi ndikofunikira kuopa matendawa kwa munthu?" Kwa anthu, matendawa samayambitsa ngozi iliyonse.... Zowonjezera, palibe milandu yokhudzana ndi matenda aanthu yomwe idalembedwa. Zogulitsa nyama zodwala zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika pokhapokha mutalandira chithandizo chazitali cha kutentha (mutha kuphika ndi nyama mwachangu, koma kusuta sikupha ma virus). Koma ngati mungaganize, palinso chiopsezo chotenga matenda. Ichi ndi matenda, ndipo sichinamvetsetsedwe bwino. Zitsanzo zina za izi:
- Vuto la ASF silowopsa kwa anthu, koma matenda aliwonse amalepheretsa chitetezo cha thupi lililonse. Pakhala pali kupezeka kwa ma antibodies olimbana ndi mliri mthupi la munthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu amatha kupirira matendawa popanda zizindikilo.
- Izi matendawa amayamba mosayembekezereka, pokhala nthumwi yokha m'kalasi la asfaviruses. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasintha, zomwe zingayambitse mitundu yake yambiri. Pali chiopsezo kuti munthu atha kutenga kachilomboka.
- Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti kachilomboka kakupezeka mwa anthu omwe akudwala malungo otentha... Matendawa amatha kutsagana ndikukula kwa matenda osiyanasiyana akulu.
Titha kunena kuti Matenda a nkhumba ku Africa sawopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, koma pofuna chitetezo, kukhudzana ndi nkhumba zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka kuyenera kupewedwa.
Matenda a nkhumba ku Africa amapha. Amayambitsidwa ndi mphamvu yapadera ya kachilomboka, kamene kamalowa m'thupi la nkhumba, limayamba kuchulukana mofulumira. Zimakhudza nyama nthawi yomweyo pamtunda wa makilomita 10. Chifukwa chake, m'maiko ambiri, m'boma, adayamba zochita popewa ndikuwongolera matenda aku Africa swine fever, komanso pulogalamu yophunzitsira za zomwe zingakhale komanso momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za matenda a nkhumba ku Africa munthawi yake.