Ma strawberries a Clery ndi otchuka kwambiri. Mitundu yamabulosiyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi utoto wofiira kwambiri. Kulawa ma strawberries a Clery kudzakusangalatsani. Ili ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso fungo lapadera. Munkhaniyi tikambirana za kufotokozedwa kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi yaku Italiya.
Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za sitiroberi ya Clery
Clery strawberries amapezeka mwa njira zina ku Italy. Mitundu ya mabulosi iyi idabadwira ku Matsoni Group mu 1996 pambuyo powoloka Sweet Charlie ndi Onebor. Tsopano mtundu wamtunduwu wa mabulosi watetezedwa ndi setifiketi kuyambira 1998.
Kutulutsa mitundu iyi ya sitiroberi ndikoyambirira, chifukwa iyamba kubala zipatso kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena m'masiku oyamba a Juni pamalo olima opanda pogona m'chigawo chapakati cha Europe ku Russia. Imayamba pachimake koyambirira kwa Meyi. Clery strawberries amafika kukula kwakukulu, mabulosi amatha kulemera 35-40 g, palibe zimphona kapena zonyoza.
Imakoma kwambiri. Zipatso za Strawberry ndizofiira, zowala kwambiri komanso zowala kwambiri. Mawonekedwe a chipatso amafanana ndi chulu. Zamkati za zipatsozo ndizodziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala ndi kukoma kwake. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti zokolola za strawberries ndizopamwamba kwambiri. Kubereka kuli pafupifupi, sitiroberi Clery imatha kubweretsa anthu 290 kuchokera pa 1 g. Zitsamba za chikhalidwe cha mabulosi ndizitali, mawonekedwe ozungulira, masamba azitsamba ndizapakatikati, amafalikira pang'ono.
Nyengo yoyenera kukula ndi yomwe ingafotokozeredwe ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yozizira, koma ndimvula yochepa, ndiye kuti, nyengo yotentha yamayiko aku Europe. Zachidziwikire, yesetsani kulima chomera mdera lomwe nyengo yake imakhala yozizira, mwachitsanzo, ku Siberia, kapena kumtunda, monga ku Urals.
Sitiroberi ya Clery ndi chomera chodzichepetsa. Chomera chamtunduwu chimadziwika ndi kulimba, kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira komanso kulimba kwambiri kwakulimbana ndi chilala, koma kukana kuzizira kwambiri
Zokolola za mitundu iyi ya sitiroberi zimakhala zabwino mchaka chachiwiri, ndipo zimatha pafupifupi zaka zinayi, zipatso zikatha, zipatsozo zimakhala zochepa.
Clery ndi chomera chodzipangira mungu, palibe chifukwa chopeza mungu wambiri.
Zabwino komanso zoyipa zakulima zipatso
Zina mwazabwino za mitundu iyi, munthu amatha kusankha kukoma ndi kununkhira kwapadera kwa zipatso. Koma ngati chomeracho sichisamalidwa bwino, ndiye kuti kukoma kumakula. Clery saopa matenda a fungal. Koma nyengo yonyowa ndi kuzizira, mabala amatha kuwonekera pamasamba.
Chinthu china chabwino cha chomerachi ndikuti chimatha kuberekana ndi masharubu. Zomera zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kufunikira kwake kwa kuchuluka kwa kutentha mchilimwe komanso kukhalapo kwa kuwala. Clery imagonjetsedwa pang'ono ndi chisanu. Koma matenda ndi tizirombo siziwopseza sitiroberi zosiyanasiyana.
Madera omwe akukula
Kumpoto kwa Italy ndikobwino kwa strawberries, chifukwa ndichifukwa chake dera lino lidapezedwa. Mayiko aku Europe omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira yaku Continental.
Komanso, chomeracho chidzazika mizu m'chigawo chapakati cha Europe ku Russia, m'chigawo chapakati cha Ukraine, kudera la Polesye lowland, komanso kudera la Belarus. Madera ozizira akumpoto a Urals sioyenera kulimidwa, chifukwa Clery strawberries ndi mitundu yoyambirira yopangidwira nthawi yayitali masana.
Njira yobzala
Ngati uku ndikubzala kwanu koyamba, muyenera kukonzekera nthaka bwino. Muyenera kukumba malo, kuchotsa namsongole, mizu yotsala. Ndikofunika kumasula nthaka. Dothi lozungulira lamchenga woyenera.
Kenako muyenera kusankha mbande za Clery sitiroberi.
Yenderani bwino ndikusankha mbande bwino. Samalani kwambiri momwe msana umakhalira. Ngati mmera uli ndi mizu yayikulu, ndiye kuti tchire silikhala nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yabwino yobzala izi ndi mkatikati mwa Ogasiti. Iyenera kubzalidwa patali masentimita 37-42, poganizira mawonekedwe a nthambi za chitsamba. Pangani mabowo ang'onoang'ono pansi. Monga feteleza wadothi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa kapena ma granules opangidwira izi.
Ndikofunika kusunga nthawi yobzala, chifukwa chomeracho chimayenera kukhala ndi mizu yabwino, kusintha ndikusunthira nthawi yayitali. Masika akabwera, mapesi ake amayamba kuphuka molawirira ndipo padzakhala ambiri. Nthawi yoyamba padzakhala zipatso zambiri, koma zipatso zidzakhala zochepa.
Ngati yabzalidwa mu Seputembala, ndiye mchaka choyamba chidzakhala chosiyana: ndalamazo ndizochepa, koma kukula kwake kudzakhala kwakukulu. M'chaka choyamba, yesetsani kuwonjezera tchire, mizu. Chifukwa chake, omwe ali ndi chidziwitso pankhaniyi, ingochotsani maluwa oyamba, kuti awongolere mphamvu zonse za Clery m'njira yoyenera.
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, mutha kuyika mavalidwe apamwamba omwe amaphatikizapo boric acid, ammonium molybdate ndi potaziyamu permanganate (onjezerani 2 g ya chinthu chilichonse m'malita 10 amadzi).
Kwa zaka zotsatira, mutha kudyetsa ma strawberries anu ndi feteleza osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mchere.
Njira yolira bwino kwambiri ndi ukadaulo wamakaseti. Sikulangizidwa kuti zikule malinga ndi ukadaulo wa Frigo. Ngati mumalima strawberries m'nyumba, fruiting ya strawberries idzawonjezeka. Ngakhale kulekerera kwa chilala kwa strawberries, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira iyi: Madzi amapita kumizu yazomera m'magawo ang'onoang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatsa. Chifukwa cha kuthirira, mbewu zimamera bwino. Nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi tchire la Clery iyenera kusungidwa yonyowa, koma osati yonyowa.
Pomwe chipale chofewa chimatha ndipo nthaka yauma, chotsani zinyalala zonse ndi masamba a chaka chatha pamabedi. Kenako tchire la chomerachi liyenera kudzazidwa ndi utuchi, moss, humus, kapena kuyika singano zakugwa.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuti mizu isakhale yozizira, tsekani mabedi ndi matabwa, kapena mapesi a chimanga, kutaya, kutero. Phimbani pamwamba ndi nsalu zopangira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi. Phimbani mabediwo ndi pulasitiki m'nyengo yachilimwe.
Njira zoberekera
Pali njira zingapo zoberekera:
Nthawi zambiri, Clery amagwiritsa ntchito masharubu kufalitsa sitiroberi, pali ambiri mwa iwo osiyanasiyana. Pezani magulu amphamvu, ang'onoang'ono a masamba atalikirana mwachidule, ndi mphukira zochepa zokha.
Bzalani ma rosettes m'miphika ndikulumikiza pansi. Kwa nthawi yayitali chomeracho chimakhalapo chokha, komabe chimadyabe kudzera mu chingwe cha chitsamba chachikulu cha chomeracho. Masamba 5-7 akaonekera pa tchire lomwe labzalidwa mumphika, chotsani kulumikizana ndi chitsamba chachikulu, kenako mubzale kachitsamba kena pamalo okonzeka. Tsopano mutha kuthirira.
Pali njira ina - kugawa tchire. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito masika kapena nthawi yophukira. Kukumba chitsamba cholimba chomwe sichidwala ndipo ndi wazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chitsamba chiyenera kukhala ndi rosette imodzi ndi mizu yachinyamata. Tsopano osati chitsamba chimodzi, koma kangapo kamodzi, chodzala m'malo okonzeka.
Ndipo njira yolemetsa kwambiri ndikumera kwa mbewu. Gulani mbewu, fesani kuthekera kwawo mu February, zisanachitike, zilowerere mu njira yapadera (madontho awiri a epin pa 0.1 l). Kuti muwone nyemba zazing'ono, ziyikeni mu yankho ndipo mbewu zoyipa zidzatuluka, koma zabwino zikhale pansi.
Ngati mbewu za sitiroberi zibzalidwa pansi, muphimbe ndi masentimita osapitirira 0,5. Tsitsirani botolo mpweya ndi kuthirira madzi pang'ono, kuti dziko lapansi likhale lonyowa. Chitani izi masiku 14.
Sungani kutentha kwapakati pafupifupi + 23 ° mpaka + 26 ° C. Tsamba loyamba likatuluka, ikani mbande mu chidebe chokulirapo, ndikumamatira kuzosankha. Pamene masamba 5 awonekera. Chomeracho chiyenera kubzalidwanso, kenako gwiritsani ntchito chiwembu zisanu ndi zisanu.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Mlimi aliyense komanso mlimi amafunika kudziwa matenda ndi tizirombo tomwe timakhalapo komanso momwe angathetsere mavutowa. Taganizirani izi:
- Clery strawberries amatha kukumana ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bowa wopanda ungwiro, nthumwi za mtundu wa Gloeosporium, Colletotrichum, Kabatiella, wotchedwa anthracnose. Komanso, chomeracho chimatha kukhala ndi mawanga ena. Zizindikiro za matendawa zidzakhala mawanga pafupifupi 3 mm kukula pamasamba a chomeracho. Mawanga a mitundu yosiyanasiyana adzawonekera pamasamba a tchire: yoyera, lalanje, bulauni, kapezi. Pakapita kanthawi, amakula ndipo mawonekedwe a mbewuyo adzawonongeka. Zidzachita makwinya ndikuyamba kuuma. Pofuna kupewa anthracnose, gwiritsani ntchito 2% ya Bordeaux madzi kuti musamalire mbewuyo isanafike maluwa. Chitani izi kawiri kapena katatu. Koma ngati matendawa alipo kale, gwiritsani ntchito fungus ya Antracol mu gawo limodzi la 15 g pa 10 l la madzi kapena gwiritsani ntchito fungicide ya Ridomil golide wokwanira 25 g pa 10 l madzi. Nthawi yobala zipatso itatha. Gwiritsani ntchito Sinthani muyeso ya 750 g pa 1 ha.
- Ma strawberries a Clery amatha kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, masamba a chomeracho amayamba kupiringa ndi kuuma, chomeracho chimayamba kufota. Ngati nsabwe za m'masamba zili zochepa. Ndiye mutha kuchichotsa ndi manja anu ndikuchotsani. Koma ngati pali nsabwe za m'masamba zambiri, gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, komwe ndi 0,2 malita a madzi a adyo, 0,2 malita a madzi a anyezi ndi 0,15 malita a madzi a dandelion osungunuka mu malita 10 a madzi. Muthanso kupopera ndi yankho la sopo (60 g sopo m'malita 10 amadzi).
- Mothandizidwa ndi weevil, masamba a sitiroberi ndi thumba losunga mazira amasiya kukula ndikuuma. Kuti mupewe ziwombankhanga, simuyenera kubzala Clery pafupi ndi raspberries chifukwa ma weevils amatha kuchoka ku raspberries kupita ku strawberries. Chotsani masamba omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ndi matenda komanso owonongeka, ndikumasula malo pafupi ndi tchire. N`zothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira potaziyamu permanganate mu kuchuluka kwa 5 g pa 10 malita a madzi kapena mankhwala a Inta-vir pothetsa mapiritsi 2.5 a tizilombo mu malita 10 a madzi.
- Sitiroberi za Cleary zitha kulimbana ndi sitiroberi mite. Chifukwa chaichi, masamba a chomeracho amapindika ndikuphimbidwa ndi makwinya ndikudima. Kuti athane nayo. Sungunulani 8 g wa Colloidal sulfure mu 10 l madzi kapena 60 g wa Karbofos mu 8 l madzi.
Clery ndiwopezeka kwa wamaluwa ndi alimi, idzakusangalatsani ndi zokolola nthawi zonse, komanso zipatso zokoma zowutsa mudyo komanso zonunkhira. Ngati mungaganizire mozama kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse pakubzala, kukula ndikusiya mitundu iyi ya sitiroberi, ndiye kuti mudzasangalala ndi ntchito yanu. Victoria abweretsa zokolola zambiri!