Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo ndi woyambitsa kuswana kwasayansi, yemwe adapanga mitundu yambiri ya gooseberries, adaitcha mphesa kuchokera kumpoto.
Shrub yosatha yakhala yosangalatsa wamaluwa kwazaka zambiri., koma chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera kapena kusasamala okha, gooseberries amalipira, makamaka, ndi zokolola zochepa, makamaka ndi imfa yawo ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Zomwe gooseberries amavutika nazo
Chomeracho chimakhala chosavuta, gooseberries amatha kufa kawiri, ngati tizirombo tidaugwira kapena wadwala.
Ngati mukufuna kuti shrub ikule ndikubala zipatso, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'anira momwe zinthu zilili.
Nthawi zambiri, gooseberries amadwala matenda a fungal.zomwe zimafalikira mwachangu chifukwa ma spores a bowa amathandizidwa ndi zochitika zachilengedwe monga mvula ndi mphepo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata ndi mbozi - Pangani mavuto osaneneka ku gooseberries. Ndipo choipa kwambiri, ngati mavuto awiriwa "akuphatikizidwa", ndiye kuti chitsamba chiyenera kupulumutsidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda mu jamu, palibe ambiri aiwo, koma onse amapha chomeracho.
Matenda ndi chithandizo
White pachimake ndi powdery mildew kapena spheroteka
Ichi ndi matenda omwe amakhudza tchire lonse, choyamba pa zipatso kapena kumunsi kwa tsamba, pachimake choyera chimapangidwa - kale munthawi imeneyi ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu.
Kukula kwa matenda ndikumapeto kwa masika - koyambirira kwa chilimwe, panthawiyi spores ya bowa ikukhazikika, tchire zatsopano zimakhudzidwa. M'chilimwe, bowa imalimbitsa, imapanga conidia m'mibadwo ingapo, pofika nthawi yophukira - chomeracho chimakhudzidwa kwathunthu.
Poyamba, chikwangwani chimachotsedwa mosavuta kwa mwana wosabadwayo, koma ngati sichikulandiridwa, chimakhala chamdima, chimauma ndikukhala ngati momwe chimamvera. Chomera chonsecho chimakutidwa ndi izi, chimakhala chopunduka kwathunthu ndipo patatha nyengo zingapo chimamwalira bwino.
Zoyenera kuchita? Mutha kuchiza; chifukwa cha izi, njira zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Sakanizani yankho la phulusa la koloko ndi sopo wocheperako (50/50), sungunulani malita khumi amadzi, perekani tchire mpaka litayamba;
- Sakanizani fumbi laudzu ndi dothi lowonjezera kutentha, kulowetsedwa (kulowetsedwa kuyenera kukhala kwa masiku atatu), kuchepetsa 1/3 ndi madzi, perekani chomeracho katatu pachaka, maluwa asanafike, mutatha maluwa ndi nthawi yophukira, masamba asanagwe;
- mpiru wouma mu ufa (supuni 2), mphukira zazing'ono za adyo ndi nsapato - wiritsani kwa mphindi 30, kuziziritsa, konzani chomera chonse;
- tincture wa stepon wa phwetekere ndi sopo wochapira (50 magalamu) - utsire tchire, ndikutapo chomeracho ndi zimayambira m'nyengo yozizira.
Powdery mildew imavulaza osati jamu okha, ambiri omwe amakhala pafupi ndi zomera amadwala.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi anthracnose?
Mawanga ang'onoang'ono abulauni omwe amakula ndikusintha masamba onse, amagwa, mphukira zazing'ono zimasiya kukula, zokolola pafupifupi zimathera pomwepo.
Ndi matendawa, ndikofunikira kuwotcha tsamba lonse, bowa amakhalabe pamasamba osayera masika.
Kulimbana kwina:
- utsi ndi mkuwa sulphate pa mlingo wa 10 malita a madzi 40 magalamu;
- Fukani ndi madzi a Bordeaux - kanayi pa nyengo, asanayambe maluwa, mutatha maluwa, milungu iwiri mutapopera mbewu kachiwiri komanso nthawi yomaliza mutatha kukolola;
- Mutha kuyika cuprozan, colloidal sulfure kapena chomycin.
Kodi mungathetse bwanji matenda a septoria?
Mphindi yoyenera kwambiri pakukula kwake kuyambira kumapeto kwa masika mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yachilimwe, masamba otsika amakhala ndi pachimake choyera kapena mawanga amvi, chifukwa chake amatchedwanso banga lofiirira, kapena loyera.
Ngati chomeracho sichichiritsidwa, zisindikizo zofiirira zimapanga nsonga za masamba, ndipo timadontho takuda timatuluka patsambalo, ndipo mphukira zake zimakhudzidwanso. Masamba ouma ndi kugwa pasanathe mwezi umodzi.
Momwe mungatulutsire: Nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi masamba omwe agwa ayenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwotcha, chifukwa bowa safa ndi masamba. Pambuyo pochotsa madera okhudzidwa, tchire liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides.
Ndi septoria, tchire limafunikira mu mkuwa, manganese, zinc ndi boron, amafunika kuthiridwa feteleza ndikusakanizidwa ndi nthaka yozungulira tchire!
Dzimbiri la Goblet, kapena chifukwa chiyani zipatso zimagwa?
Zimakhudza masamba a jamu ndi dzimbiri, lalanje, ndi mawanga opangidwa ndi galasi. Chomeracho chimayambukiranso kumapeto kwa kasupe, koyambirira kwa chilimwe chomeracho chimasintha kunja, chimakula. Mitengoyi imakhala yonyansa ndipo imagwa.
Kuchitira:
- njira yothetsera chilengedwe chonse - crystalline hydrate (30-40 magalamu) pa malita 10 a madzi, yeretsani zonse kwathunthu, mpaka nthaka pansi pa chitsamba ndi kuzungulira chitsamba;
- Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza nthawi zonse potengera phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Chotsani sedge ngati alipo m'dera lanu, kapena bzalani ma gooseberries pamalo apamwamba pomwe madzi sawuma.
Momwe mungagwirire ndi zithunzi za jamu?
Mtundu wachikaso pamitsempha ya tsamba umapangitsa kuti makwinya akwere ndipo chomera chimasiya kubala zipatso.
Chitsambacho chiyenera kukumbidwa ndikuwotchedwa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa jamu lotere silingathe kuchiritsidwa.
Kupewa kokha kumathandiza, kuika kwaokha, kuyamwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso zida zakumunda zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kodi chitsamba chimatulutsa masamba ake? Columnar dzimbiri!
Zimapezeka pa chomera chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa mitengo ikuluikulu... Masamba okutidwa ndi ziyangoyango lalanje, awa ndi spores anapanga m'chilimwe.
Zotsatira zake, chitsamba chimatha kuthira masamba, kukula ndi zokolola zimachepa. Bowa limalekerera nyengo yozizira masamba akugwa a currants komanso pa conifers.
Chithandizo:
- Colar dzimbiri imathandizidwa mofananamo ndi matenda omwe ali ndi anthracnose;
- onetsetsani kuti mukumba nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba ndikuwotcha masamba omwe agwa.
Ndikofunika kuti musabzala gooseberries pafupi ndi conifers.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi njira zowongolera
Gooseberries amathanso kufa ndi tizirombo, palibe zochepa kuposa matenda, ndipo ngati simumvera, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti mudzataya zipatso zakudziko lanu.
Mwachitsanzo:
- mbozi - "kholo" la gulugufe kapena njenjete, amadya thumba losunga mazira, kuphimba chitsamba ndi nthiti;
- nsabwe - amakhudza masamba ndi mphukira, amapyoza mitsempha, amatha kuvulaza kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa ndizovuta kuzizindikira nthawi yomweyo;
- galasi - amadya pachimake pa mphukira;
- currant ndulu midge - mphutsi zimadya maluwa, mphukira, masamba;
- mite - amalowa masamba a jamu, amadyetsa msuzi wa masamba achichepere, kuwonjezera apo, ndiwonyamula kachilombo ka terry.
Mutha kulimbana ndi tizilomboto ndi mankhwala omwewo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti simukuyenera kusiya kupopera kamodzi.
Impso zikangotseguka, nthawi yomweyo mankhwala ndi karbofos kapena actellik ndipo pitirizani kupopera mpaka masamba atayamba, chithandizo chotsatira mutatha maluwa.
Chotsani ndikuwononga mphukira ndi masamba onse owonongeka ngati chitsamba chikuyamba kutaya.
Malangizo othandiza ndi njira zopewera
Kuti muzitha kumwa tiyi ndi gooseberries pamadzulo ozizira, muyenera kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili, kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo, ndikuyenera kupewa.
Njira zonsezi zithandizira kupulumutsa tchire ndi zokolola, komanso kuti zizichitika pafupipafupi, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa munthawi yake, makamaka ngati chilimwe chatentha - mabulosi awa amalemekeza kuzizira.
Ndikofunikira kusintha zokonzekera zomwe zimawononga tizirombo chaka chilichonse, osayiwala njira zowyeretsera tchire kuchokera kwa "anyantchoche", mwachitsanzo, bwanji osasonkhanitsa ma ladybird ndi kuwasiya apite nsabwe za m'masamba. Kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika, tsitsani madzi otentha pa chitsamba chonse.
Ndikofunika kudyetsa tchire nthawi... Izi zimafuna feteleza wamtundu ndi mchere, mwachitsanzo, mchaka, masamba asanasungunuke, onjezani ammonium nitrate (25 magalamu) ndi urea (magalamu 30) pa mita imodzi iliyonse. mita.
Chaka chotsatira, kugwa, feteleza-phosphorous feteleza ali manyowa ovunda, potaziyamu mankhwala enaake ndi superphosphate.
Imani ndi msana wanu kuthengo, falitsani fetereza mozungulira patali pafupifupi mita ziwiri, kumasula nthaka, chifukwa mizuyo imakhala yakuya mpaka theka la mita.
Feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous ndi ntchito yawo m'dzinja:
Chipatso cha zipatso: mlonda komanso mabulosi azakudya
Chikhalidwe cha Berry chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ma compotes, jelly, ndi kupanikizana, si malo omaliza mu cosmetology ndi dietetics, chifukwa mabulosiwa ali ndi michere yambiri ndi mavitamini.
Ndikokwanira kudya theka la kilogalamu la zipatso tsiku lililonse kuti mudzaze zakudya ndi zinthu zonse zazing'ono komanso zazikulu, kumasula matumbo ndikuthandizira kuti muchepetse thupi.
Chitsamba chokhwima cha jamu chimafika kutalika kwa 1.5 mita ndi mita ziwiri m'lifupi, chomeracho sichitha, chimayambira ndipo ngati chikasamalidwa bwino chimakhalabe chobala zipatso. Nthawi zina kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi mutha kusonkhanitsa mpaka 25 kg mphesa zakumpoto.
Pamunda wanu, imatha kubzalidwa mozungulira mpandawo, pamtunda wa pafupifupi 1.5-2 m kuchokera kumpanda, jamu adzakula ndipo nawonso azichita ngati mlonda, chifukwa palibe mlendo amene adzadutsa m'nkhalango yake yaminga.