Kulima mphesa podula cuttings kukuyamba kutchuka. Kukolola kugwa ndikusunga mpaka masika kudzakambidwa m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chiyani mumakolola zidutswa za mphesa m'nyengo yozizira
Kodi kudula mphesa mu kugwa? M'ngululu kapena nthawi yophukira, mbande zamitundu yamphesa zosankhidwa zimabzalidwa m'minda kunyumba. Kuti mupeze mbande, zodula zimakololedwa kale. Amadulidwa kuchokera ku mpesa wopangidwa bwino womwe wakula nthawi yotentha. Kukonza Bush kumaphatikizapo kudulira kugwa kuti apange chomera ndikuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa mbewu.
Masika, sizingatheke kudula chubuki kuchokera ku mphesa zosenda mu nthawi yophukira, m'nyengo yozizira ndi nthawi yopuma, kukula kwa mphukira sikuchitika. Kuphatikiza apo, maso ndi mipesa yambiri imamwalira nthawi yachisanu chifukwa chachisanu. Pachifukwachi, zidutswa zimasungidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo. Izi ziyenera kuchitika isanayambike chisanu.
Ntchito yokolola ziboda imaphatikizidwa ndi kudulira kwa mpesa kwa mpesa, cholinga chake ndikupanga tchire ndikuchotsa nthambi zosafunikira. Kukhalapo kwa cuttings kumathandiza kuti zisunge mitundu yolimidwa, chifukwa palibe amene angayese kuneneratu za nyengo ndi kupulumuka kwa chomera chomwe chimakonda kutentha m'malo ovuta.
Momwe mungakonzekerere mbande kugwa
Kuti cuttings athe kupirira zosungira bwino ndikuyamba kukula msanga mutabzala, m'pofunika kuganizira malamulo okolola.
Momwe mungasankhire mpesa kuti mukolole cuttings
Tchire labwino lachonde limasankhidwa kudula mabatani. Mtengo wamphesa womwe wakonzedwa kuti ukhale mphukira uyenera kukhala wofanana (udzu wakuda) wopanda zisonyezo zamatenda kapena kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Kukula kwake ndi 5-8 mm. Mphukira zowonda ndi zowirira sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikololedwe; zokonda siziyenera kuperekedwa ku nthambi yakale, koma yakucha bwino.
Mutha kuwona kukhwima ndi ayodini. Mu yankho la 1%, muyenera kutsitsa kudula ndikuwona momwe mtundu wake ukusinthira. Zitsanzo zosapsa zimakhalabe zobiriwira mopepuka, ndipo njira yoyenera idzakhala ndi utoto wakuda. Pakudula, gawo lapakati la nthambi limasankhidwa, popeza nsonga ndi yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yopanda chitukuko. Chubuki amapangidwa kuchokera ku diso la 4; mphukira zolimba komanso zachonde zimamera kuchokera kuzosowazo.
Olima alimi amalangizidwa kuti asankhe kudulira mpesa womwe umakhala padzuwa, nthambi zomwe zimamera mumthunzi zimakula kwambiri. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira zamafuta ndi zouma za cuttings.
Kudulira kumachitika masamba atagwa pafupifupi masabata awiri (kumapeto kwa Seputembara - Okutobala).
Njira zodulira mphesa
Mutha kudula nthambi yayitali kuti isungidwe ndi maso 6-8, pomwe amapangira udzu kuti umere mchaka. Muthanso kukonzekera njira izi:
- kufupikitsa mphukira kwa maso 1-2 (amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri katemera);
- kudulira kwapakatikati kwamaso 3-4 (njira iyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri);
- yaitali cuttings ndi 5 kapena kuposa maso.
Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala odulira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti mudulire.
Kutsekemera kwa mbande
Musanatumize migodi kuti musungire, muyenera kuthira mankhwala. Zinyalala zimatha kukhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso mabakiteriya, omwe amayamba kuchulukana kwambiri ngati chinyezi ndi kutentha. Izi ziwononga zonse zobzala.
Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo mutatha kudula mphukira. Ngati izi sizingatheke, tikulimbikitsidwa kukulunga chojambulacho mu zojambulazo kapena nsalu youma yoyera.
Kuti mukonzekere mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kusungunula supuni ya tiyi ya mkuwa mu kapu yamadzi. Spray shafts mowolowa manja ndi madzi omwe amatsanulira mu botolo la utsi ndikuwasiya awume mwachilengedwe. Kuphera tizilombo kumateteza mbeu kubzala kuti isapangidwe ndi nkhungu ndi cinoni pakasungidwa.
Kukonzekera kusungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena mufiriji
Ntchito yokonzekera imakhutira ndi ziboda ndi chinyezi kuti zisaume nthawi yachisanu. Kuti muchite izi, mphukira zodula zimamizidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi ndikusungidwa kwa maola 24. Pambuyo pake, chodzalacho chimachotsedwa mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pothetsa potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 30.
M'malo mwa potaziyamu permanganate, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito 3% ya mkuwa sulphate. Zidutswa zotetezedwa motere zimviikidwa mu chopukutira pepala ndikuziyika papepala kuti ziume.
Kukonzekera moyenera kumawonjezera mwayi wosunga zomwe zabzala. Sungani zojambulazo mufilimu wokutidwa bwino pamalo ozizira.
Kodi kusunga mphesa cuttings m'nyengo yozizira mpaka masika
Zodula zimasungidwa mosungira kapena m'mafiriji pama kutentha kuyambira 2 mpaka 6 madigiri. Alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosungira momwe mikoko yokonzekera imayikidwa pansi. Ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera kuti pakugwa dothi likhale louma pamenepo, ndipo chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, sichisanduka dambo. Kuzama kwakumera kwa zinthu zobzala kumakhala osachepera 25 cm.
Zidutswa zosungidwa muzipinda zapansi kapena mafiriji zimayang'aniridwa nthawi ndi nthawi (pafupifupi kamodzi pamwezi). Ngati kukula kwa nkhungu kapena kuyanika kwa ntchito kukupezeka, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti muwapulumutse. Ngati kulibe chinyezi chokwanira, zidutswazo ziyenera kumizidwa mumtsuko wamadzi kwa maola 6 ndikuwuma ngati pokonzekera zinthuzo. Pakapangidwe ka nkhungu, mphukira zimatsukidwa bwino ndikutsekedwa ndi mankhwala ophera potaziyamu permanganate kapena sulfate yamkuwa.
Njira yotchuka yosungira cuttings ikufotokozedwa m'bukuli za kukula kwa mphesa. Pofuna kubereka, mphukira zapachaka zokhala ndi masamba athanzi amasankhidwa (mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala 20 cm kapena kupitilira apo), nthambi ya nthambiyo ndi 5-6 mm. Pambuyo pochotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuyanika, zidutswazo zimakulungidwa mu mpukutu pogwiritsa ntchito polyethylene ndi interlayer wa utuchi wouma. Mpukutu womangidwa bwino umayikidwa m'thumba ndikusungidwa m'firiji (kutentha 2-6 ° C). Mukamayang'anira nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kusamala ndi mtundu wa mphukira, iyenera kukhalabe yobiriwira.
Kumera kwa ziboda kunyumba
Njira ya Radchevsky
Njirayi imadziwika ndi kuphweka kwaukadaulo ndikupanga tchire lomwe likukula mwachangu kwambiri. Chofunika cha njirayi ndi motere.
- M'dzinja, kudula masentimita 60-90 masentimita amakololedwa. Pambuyo pokonza, adakulungidwa mufilimu ndipo amatumizidwa kosungidwa mu ngalande ndi mchenga.
- M'chaka, mphukira zimatengedwa ndikudulidwa 30-40 cm iliyonse, pomwe kuchotsa maso apansi sikofunikira kwenikweni.
- The cuttings akhathamiritsa kwa masiku awiri m'madzi. Chidebecho chili nawo pamalo ozizira (kutentha kwa 15-18 °).
- Pambuyo pokonza, cuttings amathiridwa mumitsuko ya litayodzazidwa ndi madzi masentimita 2-3. Mphukira mpaka 10 imayikidwa mu chidebe chimodzi. Zotengera zokhala ndi zodulira zimawululidwa pazenera kuchokera mbali yowala. Pakakhala kusowa kwa kuwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuyatsa ndi nyali zamagetsi.
- Pambuyo masiku 10-12, mphukira zazing'ono zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ziboda, ndipo mizu imawonekera sabata ina.
- Mizu ikayamba kuoneka, zimadulidwa m'matumba okhala ndi nthaka yosakaniza (nthaka, mchenga, humus). Musanadzalemo, muyenera kudulira, kusiya m'modzi yekha, koma mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri (ngati pali kanthawi kochepa, timasamba tomwe titha kusungidwa). Kuwaza ndi nthaka kumachitika kotero kuti 10-15 masentimita a kudula amakhalabe pamwamba.
Komanso, kuthirira pang'ono ndikumasula nthaka kumachitika. M'zaka khumi zoyambirira za Meyi, chomeracho chimabzalidwa panja.
Momwe mungamere ziboda pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Pusenko
Njirayi imatchedwanso zovala, popeza zokongoletsera zokonzedwa zimapindidwa pachipinda. Njira yokonzekera imakonzekeretsa nsalu yolimba ndikukulunga chogwirira nayo (iliyonse imakutidwa padera).
Gawo lakumunsi la phukusili limayikidwa mufilimu, pambuyo pake zidazi zonse zimayikidwa pa kabati pamalo opingasa. Nsonga za ziboda zimayang'ana kukhoma kapena zenera, izi zimapanga kutentha kwabwino kwa iwo. Kutentha kwambiri kumadzetsa kuphulika kwakukulu kumtunda kwa mphukira. NKHANI njira:
- nthawi kumanyowa kwa minofu;
- kutentha mpaka 25 °.
Mizu imawonekera pakatha masabata 3-4. Kutalika kwawo kukafika 1-2 mm, kulowetsedwa pamalo otseguka kapena chidebe china chidzafunika. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwa cuttings omwe ali osachepera 0.7 cm wandiweyani.
Njira yolondola kumera mu zinyalala
Njirayi ndi yosavuta komanso yabwino kwa chomeracho, chomwe sichidandaula panthawi yopatsa.
Chofunika cha njirayi ndi kumiza kudula mu chidebe chodzaza utuchi ndi hydrogel / mchenga kapena zinthu zina.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podzaza chidebezi zimafunikira kukonzekera:
- mchenga umatsukidwa ndi zinyalala, kutsukidwa ndikudzazidwa ndi madzi otentha;
- utuchi umathiridwanso ndi madzi otentha ndikufinya.
Utuchi utakhazikika umasakanizidwa ndi mchenga kapena hydrogel ndipo chidebe chokonzekera chimadzazidwa ndi zosakanizazo. Pakatikati, kudula kumamizidwa mu kudzaza komanso kusungunuka nthawi ndi nthawi. Mizu imawonekera pakatha milungu iwiri, kenako chomeracho chimaikidwa pamalo okhazikika.
Njira zina zoyika mizu
Njira rooting likupezeka ndi yosavuta. Mfundo yofunika ndi momwe zimakhudzira mphukira nthawi imodzi kutentha pang'ono. Izi zimatheka ndikumiza zochekera zochuluka pansi, kuwaza zotsalazo ndi utuchi kapena mchenga, kenako ndikuphimba ndi kanema.
Mizu imapangidwa pamtunda, pomwe chidutswa chomizidwa sichikula chifukwa cha kuzizira. Ng'ombe zikangoyang'ana pamwamba pazodulazo, kuzika mizu kwachitika ndipo tsinde limabzalidwa pansi.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi nthawi yanji ndikumera utacheka
Zitsulo zophuka zimabzalidwa mchaka, pomwe masamba 2-3 amapangika pa mmera. Poyamba, chidebe chokhala ndi mphesa chimathiriridwa ndi madzi ndipo mphukira imachotsedwa. Asanaikidwe, mizu imamizidwa mumthaka wadothi. Komanso, madzi a uchi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi supuni 1 ya uchi. Ntchito yobzala imamalizidwa ndikubisa kudula ndikuyika msomali ngati chothandizira. Ndibwino kuti mulch nthaka kuzungulira tchire.
Kubzala ziboda kumapeto kwa masika kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo (mpaka 95%). Chomera chotere chimatha kubala zipatso chaka chamawa. Nthawi imadziwika ndi nyengo, kutentha kwa usiku sikuyenera kutsika 0 ° C.
Pali njira zambiri zokolola ndikusunga cuttings, zomwe mungasankhe mosavuta. Kenako simudzafunika kuda nkhawa za kutayika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa mpesa. Nthawi yotentha, mmera umakhala wolimba ndikulimba, womwe ungathandize kuti ipulumuke nyengo yozizira pansi pogona. Ndipo itha kumera ndikufalikira.