Kabichi ndi imodzi mwazomera zofala kwambiri. Pakadali pano pali mitundu ingapo ya masamba awa. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake. Masiku ano, mitundu yotchuka kwambiri imadziwika kuti Slava kabichi. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, kulima ndi zipatso zake ndizambiri kuposa mbewu zina.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu ya Slava
Slava ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yakale yakale, yapakatikati pa nyengo ya kabichi yoyera. Chomeracho chinapezeka mzaka zapitazi, ku All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding. Wolembayo anali EM Popov, yemwe, podutsa zitsanzo zakunja, adapanga mitundu iwiri ya Slava zosiyanasiyana: Gribovsky 231 ndi 1305. Mu 1940, mitundu iyi idagawidwa m'malo onse a Russia, komwe, chifukwa chazikhalidwe zawo zabwino, adatchuka kwambiri.
Makhalidwe azosiyanasiyana izi ndi kachulukidwe, juiciness ndi zokolola. Mitu ya kabichi ndi yokongola, yozungulira kapena yosalala pang'ono. Masamba akunja ndi obiriwira mopepuka, ndikutuluka pang'ono, amapota m'mphepete mwake. Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka mafoloko kamakhala ndi masamba oyera oyera. Subpecies iliyonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso mwatsopano. Amasiyana pokhapokha pazizindikiro izi:
- Gribovsky 231. Nthawi yakukhwima ya subspecies iyi imagwera masiku 100 mpaka 110, kumera. Kulemera kwapakati kwa mphanda kuli pafupifupi 3 kg. Zokolola kuchokera ku 1 sq. m. Kufikira 9 - 10 kg.
- Ulemerero 1305. Mafoloko amtunduwu amapangidwa pakatha masabata awiri kuposa ma subspecies awo. Komabe, kulemera kwawo ndi pafupifupi 9 kg. Zokolazo ndizokwera ndipo zimafika makilogalamu 12. kuchokera 1 sq. Koma apa ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mafoloko a Glory 1305 ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo amasunga moipa.
Kabichi zamtunduwu ndizotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake komanso zothandiza zake. Zipatso zake zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri.
Kusunga mitu ya kabichi sikuposa miyezi inayi. Chifukwa chake mbewu zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira nayonso mphamvu.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Poyamba, obereketsa adayesetsa kupanga mbewu zamasamba ku Russia, komwe kumakhala nthaka yopanda chernozem. Koma chifukwa cha luso lakelo, ndiwo zamasamba zimalimidwa m'malo onse a Russian Federation. Nayi tanthauzo la zabwino zazikulu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- chisanu kukana;
- mikhalidwe ya ogula;
- kudzichepetsa panthaka;
- kukana kulimbana;
- mayendedwe abwino.
Ngakhale panali zabwino zambiri, chomeracho chili ndi zovuta zake. Makhalidwe oyipa amaphatikizapo: kusakhazikika kwa mizu ya keel osati nthawi yayitali ya zipatso.
Kudzala mbande
Mutha kulima kabichi wa Slava munjira yopanda mbewu. Poyamba, mbewu za mbewu zimafesedwa m'mabokosi koyambirira kwa Epulo. Kukhazikitsa njira yopanda mbewu, mbewu zimabzalidwa panja m'zaka khumi za Epulo.
Mosasamala njira yomwe yasankhidwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera nyembazo musanadzalemo. Zimachitika malinga ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- Kwa mphindi 10 - 15, mbewu za chomerazo zimayikidwa m'madzi kutentha kwa 55 - 60 ° C.
- Kenako, amamizidwa mu chinyezi chozizira kwa mphindi imodzi.
- Komanso, mbewu zimatsanulidwa kwa maola 12 ndi yankho lomwe lakonzedwa kuchokera ku 10 malita a madzi ndi magalamu 12. potaziyamu humate.
- Pambuyo panthawiyi, ayenera kuumitsidwa ndikuyika pamalo ozizira kutentha kwa 1 - 2 ° C.
Tsiku lotsatira, ali okonzeka kutera.
Kufesa malamulo
Monga lamulo, Slava kabichi nthawi zambiri amabzala mmera. Pachifukwa ichi, dziko lapansi limatsanulidwira m'mabokosi okonzeka, 5 - 6 cm kuya. Mukachipukuta bwino, amatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi yankho la manganese. Pambuyo masiku atatu, mabokosi amapangidwa m'mabokosiwo kutalika kwa masentimita 3, 1 cm, kenako, masentimita 1 cm, mbewu zimafesedwa, zomwe zimayenera kukonkhedwa ndi nthaka ndikuthiriridwa ndi njira yothira. Kenako, mphukira zoyamba zisanachitike, mabokosiwo amayikidwa pamalo otentha, ndi kutentha kwa 18 - 20 ° C. Mphukira zoyamba zikangotuluka, chidebecho chimasamutsidwira pawindo, lomwe liyenera kuwunikiridwa ndi cheza cha dzuwa ndikukhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kwa 10 - 12 ° C.
Mukaiwala za kutentha, mabala a kabichi adzatambasula nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbeuyo ipangike komanso kufa.
Mbandezo zikakhala ndi masamba 5 olimba, amazika pamalo otseguka.
Zofunika panthaka yobzala
Slava kabichi imatha kumera pamitundu yonse ya nthaka. Koma, malinga ndi malingaliro a akatswiri, zowunikira zabwino kwambiri ndizotheka panthaka yachonde ya loamy, yokhala ndi malo apafupi amadzi apansi panthaka. Njira yabwino kwambiri imadziwika kuti ndi pH ya acidity yapadziko lapansi - 6.7 - 7.4.
Ndibwino kuti mudzala kabichi m'malo omwe idamera kale:
- nkhaka;
- karoti;
- nyemba;
- mbatata;
- dzinthu.
Otsatira oyipa ndi awa:
- tomato;
- beet;
- radish.
Sitikulimbikitsanso kubzala kabichi pamalo omwewo chaka chilichonse. Kutalikirana pakati pazomera kumayenera kukhala zaka 3-4.
Kusamalira mosiyanasiyana mutabzala
Olima masamba ambiri oyamba kumene, mukamayika kabichi, amapanga zolakwitsa zosasinthika, zomwe, zimabweretsa mapangidwe a maluwa. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndizosatheka kulola:
- kubzala mbande wandiweyani;
- shading of landing site;
- chinyezi chowonjezera.
Kuti mbewu yamasamba ikule bwino pansi, ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito yaukadaulo munthawi yake. Chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo:
- Kuthirira. Kabichi ndi chikhalidwe chokonda chinyezi, choncho chimayenera kuthiriridwa kasanu ndi kawiri mpaka kasanu pamwezi.
- Kumasula. Kuti chomeracho chilandire mpweya wokwanira wokwanira, mukatha kuthirira, m'pofunika mulch nthaka.
- Kudzaza. Njirayi imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mphukira, chifukwa masamba adzalandira michere yambiri.
- Zovala zapamwamba. Kuti mupeze ma microelements owonjezera, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amalimbikitsidwa milungu iwiri mutabzala. Pakapangidwe ka mafoloko - phosphorous ndi mchere wa potaziyamu.
Koma, ngakhale kusunga ntchito zonse za agrotechnical, matenda osiyanasiyana amathanso kubweretsa kuchepa kwa zokolola kapena kupezeka kwathunthu.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Pochepetsa chiopsezo cha kufa kwa chomera, ndikofunikira kuteteza matendawa munthawi yake. Gome lotsatirali likuthandizani kuzindikira matendawa koyambirira ndikupeza njira zothanirana nawo.
Dzina la matendawa | Zizindikiro | Njira zopewera ndikuwongolera |
Keel kabichi | Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazipatso imapangidwa pamizu yazomera. | Asanatsike, malowa amafikiridwa ndi laimu, pafupifupi 1 kg. ndi 4 sq.m. |
Matenda a Peronosporosis | Mawanga achikasu ndi imvi amawonekera pamwamba pamasamba, ndipo pachimake choyera pansi pake. | Pofuna kupewa, dothi limatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati mukudwala mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala "Fitoftorin". |
Fusarium | Masamba a chomera amasanduka achikasu ndikuuma kwathunthu. | Zomera zomwe zili ndi kachilombo zimachotsedwa ndi muzu, ndipo malo obzala amathandizidwa ndi benzimidazole systemic fungicides. |
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri timayambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chake, akawonekera koyamba, chomeracho chimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala.
Malamulo okolola ndi kusunga
Kupsa zipatso kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Kukolola kwa kabichi kumayamba kumapeto kwa Julayi ndipo kumatha milungu iwiri.
Mafoloko owonongeka ndi osweka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita nayonso mphamvu, zipatso zonse zimatsalira kuti zisungidwe.
Chikhalidwe cha masamba chimasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba motere:
- atapachikidwa padenga;
- atagona patebulopo pa matabwa oyera owuma;
- kuyika mabokosi achizindikiro.
Mosasamala njira yomwe yasankhidwa, musanatumize mitu ya kabichi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, iyenera kuti yaumitsidwa bwino ndikukulungidwa pamapepala oyera.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukulunga chomeracho ndi chakudya kapena pulasitiki, chifukwa pakadali pano condensation idzachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti iwole.
Pafupifupi, zipatso zimasungidwa kwa miyezi pafupifupi 3-4. Kuchulukitsa mashelufu, kutentha m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kuyenera kusungidwa pafupi ndi 0 ° C, ndipo chinyezi cha mpweya chiyenera kukhala 90%.
Mutaganizira za mikhalidwe yonse yabwino, njira zobzala ndi kulima, mutha kuonetsetsa kuti Slava kabichi si chomera chongokomera. Kutengera malingaliro onse, mbewu yamasamba iyi imatha kusangalatsa mlimi aliyense wamasamba ndi zokolola zambiri, zokoma komanso zathanzi.