Froberberries ndi mabulosi abwino m'munda. Mankhwala ake akhala akudziwika kwa zaka mazana angapo. Komanso, ndi zokoma komanso zotsekemera. Ana amawakonda ndipo akulu samadandaula kuyesera.
Koma ngakhale m'mabedi okonzedwa bwino, sitiroberi wam'munda satetezedwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Ngati simulimbana nawo, simudzapeza zokolola zambiri.
Matenda a sitiroberi ndi chithandizo chothandiza mu nthawi yophukira ndi masika
Aliyense amadziwa kuti kulimbana ndi matenda kuyenera kuyambitsidwa asanayambe kuwonekera. Simungachite popanda njira zodzitetezera. Zomwe zimachitika posachedwa, zokolola zimakweza kwambiri.
Fusarium ndi vuto lochedwa pa strawberries
Matenda a Fusarium amapangitsa kufota kwamasamba. Chizindikiro chake choyamba ndi necrosis m'mphepete mwa tsamba la tsamba, pambuyo pake tsamba limasintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala mtundu wa bulauni ndikutha. Mutha kuzindikira vuto lakumapeto kwa chomera ndi izi:
- tchire limatsalira m'mbuyo mu chitukuko;
- pakati pa chitsamba chimakhala chofiira;
- masamba amakhala otuwa;
- m'mphepete mwa mbale ndizopindika m'mwamba, ndikupanga mbale;
- mizu imatha.
Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa matenda owopsawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zolimira ndikusintha malo a mabedi zaka zinayi zilizonse.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti spores wa bowa wa pathogenic amadziunjikira m'nthaka komanso pamizu ya strawberries. Zinthu zathanzi zokha ndizomwe zimasankhidwa kuti zigone kama watsopano. Komanso, musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kuthandizira mizu ya zomera ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Zitsamba zomwe zimawonetsa kuwonongeka zimawonongeka nthawi yomweyo.
Powdery mildew
Powdery mildew amachepetsa kwambiri zokolola, zomwe zimakhudza magawo onse azomera. Mutha kudziwa momwe amawonekera pa strawberries ndi zizindikiro izi:
- masamba amakotana m'bwato;
- mtundu wa tsamba la tsamba umasintha, umasanduka wofiirira;
- maluwa oyera a powdery amapezeka pamwamba pa masamba ndi zipatso;
- zipatso zimakhala zazing'ono komanso zopunduka.
Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa salola kuti mbewu ziziyenda mungu bwinobwino, zomwe zimachepetsa zokolola. Zipatso zakupsa zimakhala ndi kulawa kosasangalatsa komanso kununkhira, zokumbutsa kwambiri fungo la zowola.
Muyenera kulimbana ndi matendawa nthawi yomweyo. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika kangapo pachaka. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe mbewuyo imathandizidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, kenako kumayambiriro kwa kutulutsa maluwa komanso mukakolola.
Bedi limasamalidwa ndi mkuwa, sopo amawonjezera kwa iwo ngati zomatira. Pogwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, sulphate ya mkuwa, madzi a Bordeaux kapena kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito iwo.
Kuvunda imvi
Nkhungu yakuda ndimatenda omwe amawononga mbewu zonse mwachangu. Zizindikiro za matendawa:
- bulauni wonyezimira, mawanga wandiweyani pa zipatso zomwe zimakula mwachangu;
- fluffy pachimake pa zipatso;
- mazira ndi mapesi zimauma;
- masamba okutidwa ndi bulauni kapena imvi mawanga.
Kuphatikiza apo, pazomera zomwe zakhudzidwa, zipatso za sitiroberi zimauma msanga ndikuzimitsa, ndipo matendawa amapitilira mwachangu tchire laling'ono.
Polimbana ndi kuvunda kwa imvi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi chisakanizo cha Bordeaux kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri pachaka, isanatuluke maluwa ndi nthawi yokolola. Ndikofunikanso kuwona kasinthasintha ka mbeu, mulch nthaka ndi utuchi wa mitundu ya coniferous, ndikuwonetsanso udzu nthawi zonse.
Tsamba la bulauni
Matenda obisika amawononga minda yonse ya sitiroberi munthawi yochepa. Ndizosavuta kutanthauzira:
- mawanga ang'onoang'ono a bulauni amawonekera pamwamba pa tsamba, lomwe limapanga malo amodzi akulu;
- pang'onopang'ono masamba azitsambawo amasanduka achikasu ndikufa.
Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika, zomera zimapopera mankhwala ndi mkuwa. Mukakolola, kukonzanso kumabwerezedwanso.
Malo oyera
Matenda a fungal amadziwonetsera ngati oyera oyera pamasamba a chomeracho, m'mphepete mwake ndi mdima. Madonthowa saphatika pamalo amodzi, koma masamba omwe amakhudzidwawo amafota pang'onopang'ono.
Kulimbana ndi wothandizira matendawa kumachitika chaka chilichonse, samangotenga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, komanso amayang'anira munda wonse. Onetsetsani momwe nthaka iliri, udzu udatuluka.
Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti azidula gawo lonse lamlengalenga mukakolola, ndikungochoka "mtima" wamtchire. Masamba akale amawotchedwa kupha mabakiteriya ndi tiziromboti. Nthaka yomwe ili pabedi la m'munda imamasulidwa ndikuchiritsidwa matenda. Pambuyo masabata awiri, tchire limakutidwa ndi masamba athanzi, pomwe amapita nthawi yozizira. Chitani njirayi pasanafike Ogasiti.
Ndi tizirombo titi toyambitsa matenda a sitiroberi ndipo chifukwa chiyani?
Osati matenda okha, komanso tizirombo todyera tomwe timadya zipatso ndi masamba a chomeracho zimachepetsa kwambiri zokolola. Mitengo imatsalira m'mbuyo pakukula, maluwa akuchedwa. Kuteteza tizilombo kumachitika nthawi yonse yokula.
Njira yoyamba yodzitetezera imachitika koyambirira kwamasika, pambuyo pake amapopera atatu kapena anayi.
Strawberry nematode
Strawberry nematode imabereka mwachangu kwambiri. Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo kuti tisakhazikike pamalowa, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mbande zokhazokha. Musanadzalemo, amakonzeranso shawa wosiyanitsa, womwe umapha mphutsi za nematode.
Tchireni amamiza mu mphika wa madzi otentha, omwe kutentha kwake kumakhala madigiri a 45, ndikusungidwa kwa mphindi khumi. Pambuyo pake, mbande zimakhazikika m'madzi oundana. Ndipamene amayamba kubzala mbewu. Dzenje lobzala limadzazidwa kale ndi laimu.
Ngati tizilombo takhazikika kale pamalopo, ndiye kuti tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa limakumbidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira tchire lomwe lili ndi matenda:
- tchire laling'ono limapunduka, limakhala lophwanyika;
- mphukira ndi internodes thicken;
- maluwa amakhala kulibe;
- zipatso ndizochepa komanso zoyipa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutakumba chitsamba, mutha kuwona nyongolotsi zazing'ono m'mizu yake, kutalika kwake sikupitilira 1 mm. Ichi ndi tizilombo.
Strawberry mite ndi shrub chithandizo
Sitiroberi imakhudza masamba a chomeracho, ndipo imayamba kuvulaza kuyambira koyambirira kwa masika, kuyamwa madziwo kuchokera kuzomera zazing'ono za strawberries.
Tizilombo tazimayi mwakachetechete nyengo yachisanu m'nthaka, masika amabwera pamwamba ndikukhala pansi pa chitsamba. Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa strawberries:
- masamba ang'onoang'ono a chomeracho ndi opunduka, amakhala terry m'mphepete;
- pang'onopang'ono tsamba lamakwinya limakwinya;
- chomeracho chimakutidwa ndi pachimake chamafuta;
- zipatso zimakhala zochepa, zokolola zimachepa.
Tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa kwambiri limakumbidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makonzedwe okhala ndi sulfure amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga njira yodzitetezera, mutha kupopera sitiroberi ndikulowetsedwa kwa dandelion ndi nsonga za phwetekere.
Kulowetsedwa kwa Dandelion kumapangidwa kuchokera kuzipangizo zatsopano. Masamba amathyoledwa ndikutsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha, kutentha kwake sikuposa 50C. Kusakanikako kumalowetsedwa kwa maola pafupifupi 4, kenako nkusefedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga mwalamulo. Chidebe cha 10-lita chimagwiritsa ntchito masamba pafupifupi 1 kg.
Kulowetsedwa pamwamba pa phwetekere kumakonzedwa kuchokera ku mphukira zowuma, zomwe zimakololedwa kugwa. Kilogalamu imodzi ya nsonga imatsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha (malita 10) ndikuphatikizidwa kwa maola 4. Pambuyo pake, yankho lophika kwa maola awiri, utakhazikika ndi kusefedwa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imachepetsedwa 1: 2 ndikuwonjezeredwa sopo wochapa.
Momwe mungasamalire mabulosi ochokera kangaude?
Nthawi zambiri m'munda, amazindikira kuti masamba a sitiroberi wam'munda atsekedwa ndi ukonde wochepa thupi, amachepetsa kukula ndikuwuma pang'onopang'ono. Amakhala ndi kangaude. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamwa timadzi tomwe timatulutsa, zomwe zimabweretsa imfa, zokolola zimatsika.
Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwonongeka, bedi lam'munda nthawi yomweyo limapopera ndi kulowetsedwa kwa chowawa ndi fodya. Amakonzedwa mofanana ndi kulowetsedwa kwa dandelion. Ngati mphindi yasowa, ndiye kuti kama angachiritsidwe ndi karbofos kapena Fitoverm.
Aphid kulamulira pa strawberries
Tizilomboto timawonekera ndi maso. Masamba a chomera amapiringa, pang'onopang'ono amauma, maluwa akuchedwa, zipatsozo ndizopunduka.
Mwa njira zowerengera zolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, kulowetsedwa kwa adyo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mitu yawo yasenda ndikuphwanyika. Thirani adyo ndi madzi oundana (3 malita) ndikupaka kusakaniza kwa sabata limodzi. Kenako yankho limasefedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zake.
Mavu
Mavu amakhudzanso munda wa sitiroberi mwa kudya zipatso zokoma. Kuti muwachotse, gawolo limakhala ndi nyambo zapadera.
Mbalame
Mbalame zina zimakonda kudya ma strawberries. Ikani chowopseza kapena mabotolo apulasitiki pazikhomo m'munda. Izi ziwopseza oyandikana nawo okhumudwitsa.
Kumbukirani, ngati nthawi yatayika, zimakhala zovuta kuthana ndi matendawa ndi tizirombo; chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosagwira. Yendani mabedi munthawi yake, chotsani namsongole, chitani zithandizo zanthaka za sitiroberi mu kugwa, chotsani zomwe zakhudzidwa popanda kudandaula.