Dziko lakwawo la tomato ndi Latin America. Chomeracho pamtundu wa chibadwa chimafunafuna potengera kutentha ndi kuwunika. Kubwezeretsanso chisanu m'chigawo chapakati ndi Belarus ndizotheka mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Mpaka kutentha kwapakati patsiku kumakhala kopitilira +10 madigiri, ndizofunikira kwambiri kubzala mbande za phwetekere panja.
Malamulo obzala tomato pamalo otseguka ku Belarus ndi Kuban
M'madera otere mosiyana ndi kayendedwe ka nyengo ndi kuwala monga Belarus ndi Kuban, ngakhale ukadaulo wa tomato ndiwosiyana. Palibe chifukwa pakumera mbande za tomato mu Kuban - ndikosavuta komanso kotchipa kubzala mbewu pansi, mpaka nthaka itayika zotsalira za chinyezi chachisanu.
Chowonjezera china ndikuti chitsamba cha phwetekere sichikhala ndi nthawi yokula ndikubwezeretsanso mbeu nyengo yachilimwe ku Belarus. Pali njira imodzi yokha yothetsera - kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waulimi ndi njira ya mmera yomera tomato panja.
Pakati pa theka lachiwiri la Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni, kutentha kovomerezeka kwa tomato kumakhazikitsidwa. Popeza kusinthasintha kwa nyengo, ndibwino kuti mubzale mbande pogwiritsa ntchito malo osungira mafilimu opepuka.
- Chitetezo pakagwa chisanu - chimapilira kugwa kwakanthawi kochepa mpaka madigiri -2.
- Zomera zobzalidwa zobisika zimazika mizu bwino - palibe chifukwa chothirira ndi kumasula pafupipafupi.
- Zabwino kumapeto kwa sabata kumapeto kwa chilimwe - masiku 4-5 ogwira ntchito, mbande sizifuna chidwi.
Kutentha kwa chilimwe ndi nyengo yotentha - ndi momwe nyengo ya Krasnodar Territory imatha kudziwika. Kukolola kwathunthu kwa tomato mu Kuban kungapezeke mopanda mbewu.
Makhalidwe ofikira ku Kuban:
- Kuyambira masiku oyamba kukula, mmera umapanga mizu yamphamvu.
- Zomera sizifunikira kuzolowera mutabzala, chifukwa zimakhala zathanzi.
- Palibe mtengo wa mmera.
Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingabzalidwe
Mitundu yokhayo yokhayo yomwe imatulutsa mbewu kuchokera kumunda yomwe alengezedwa ndi obereketsa. Amakwaniritsidwa moyenera kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe apadera nyengo.
Tomato wosatsegula ku Belarus
Kwa nthaka yosatetezedwa m'nyengo yozizira komanso yachilimwe, mitundu yazandidwa ndi yoyenera kwambiri
- kusasitsa koyambirira - "Wopindulitsa", "Talalikhin", "Kudzazidwa koyera", ndi zina zambiri;
- nyengo yapakatikati - "Ruzha", "Peremoga", "Wabwino".
Izi ndi mitundu ina ya Belarusian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing amadziwika chifukwa chokana nyengo yoipa - satengeka kwambiri ndi matenda a mafangasi.
Vilina
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wakucha umabala zipatso pasanathe masiku 25-45. Chitsamba chamkati chimakhala ndi 2.5-3.0 kg ya zipatso zozungulira zolemera 80-100 g wa kukoma kwambiri. Mitunduyi imagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi Alternaria ndi Septoria.
Kalinka
Zosiyanasiyana zosinthidwa malinga ndi zikhalidwe za Belarus ndi zokolola modabwitsa. Chitsamba chamkati chimabweretsa 2.5-3.0 kg ya zipatso zazing'ono, zokoma kwambiri ndi khungu lochepa lolemera 60-70 g. Matimatiwa amakhala osagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka mochedwa ndi matenda ena.
Rouge
Mitundu yakucha-pakati idalowetsedwa mu kaundula mu 1994. Chitsamba chokwanira, chamkati pakati pa 50-60 masentimita ndi masamba owirira chimapereka 2.5-3.0 makilogalamu a utoto wofiyira wowerengeka wolemera mpaka 100 g.
Pansi pa chivundikiro cha kanema komanso m'malo obzala, zokolola zimafikira makilogalamu 8.
Kulimbana ndi matenda oopsa mochedwa ndi matenda ena a fungal.
Kwa Kuban
Mitundu ya Krasnodar Territory ndi Donetsk Region iyenera kukhala yolimbana ndi chilala ndikusinthidwa ndi kutentha kwadzuwa. Mitundu yokhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, yomwe imakwirira zipatso za kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, imamva bwino.
Aswon F1
Mitundu yamatimati yosankha yolima m'mafakitale ndi kunyumba mosagwiritsa ntchito njira yopanda mmera. Mitundu yambiri yobala zipatso zonse kumalongeza. Kuchokera ku 1 bush mungapeze makilogalamu 10 a tomato yolemera magalamu 60-70.
Chodziwikiratu ndikuti zipatso sizimang'ambika pokonza ndikusungabe zomwe zikuwonetsedwa kubanki. Chokhacho ndichakuti zokolola zomwe zanenedwa zitha kupezeka pa nthaka yachonde kwambiri: chisakanizo cha humus ndi mchenga.
Mphatso ya Kuban
Tomato wosakanikirana mpaka 0.7 m wokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu. Nyengo yokula ndi masiku 110-115. Phwetekere wofiira wozungulira phwetekere pang'ono kuloza pansi. Avereji ya zokolola - mpaka 5 kg pa chitsamba. Zipatso za cholinga chonse cholemera magalamu 100-120 ndizokoma komanso minofu... Zosiyanasiyana ndikulimbana ndi kulimbana ndi zowola pamwamba.
Chatsopano cha Kuban
Mitundu yapakatikati yachilengedwe yodziwika bwino idapangidwa kuti izikolola ndimakina. Kulawa zipatso - 4.7 mfundo. Kwa okhala m'nyengo yachilimwe, zosiyanasiyana ndizosavuta chifukwa sizifuna chisamaliro cha tsiku ndi tsiku, zipatso zachikulire zooneka ngati mtima sizingasweke ndikugwira mwamphamvu. Tomato wolemera pafupifupi magalamu 100 amatengedwa mu burashi (3 ma PC.) Perekani 1 sq. mamita mpaka 7 kg ya zipatso.
Kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi masentimita 20-40 okha, nyengo yokula ndi masiku 140-150, mpaka chisanu kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala.
Ngati mitundu itatu mwa mitundu iyi yabzalidwa pamalo ake, pamafunika kupitiriza kutumiza tomato watsopano nyengo yonse.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Mbande za phwetekere zakonzeka kuikidwa panja pamene masamba awiriawiri a masamba atatu apangidwa. Izi zimachitika patatha masiku 50-55 mutafesa. Mutha kubzala mbewu za mbande momwe zimakhalira, kutengera mitundu ndi dera, nthawi imasankhidwa.
Kukonzekera mabedi
Pofuna kukulitsa tomato panja, mabedi ayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, makamaka kugwa. Izi sizimangochitika kupulumutsa nthawi mchaka. Wolemera kwambiri nthaka iyenera kukhazikitsidwa: zinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa m'nthaka - kuti zigawidwe mofanana komanso ndi mphamvu ya mabakiteriya a m'nthaka kuti asinthe mawonekedwe a tomato.
Pokumba kugwa, amabweretsa 1 sq. m mabedi
Zachilengedwe | ● 5-7 kg (1 chidebe) cha humus kapena kompositi; ● 0,5 l chitini cha phulusa lamatabwa. |
Mchere | ● 80-100 g wa nitroammofoska (mlingowo ukuwonjezeka pang'ono - ambiri a iwo amapita pansi ndi madzi osungunuka) |
Manyowa a phosphate mchere samasungunuka bwino m'madzi - amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka nthawi yophukira. Ngati muwonjezera ma pellets mchaka, feteleza wosasunthika amatha kutentha mizu.
Mabedi amathanso kukonzekera ndi mtsempha. Izi zokha ziyenera kuchitika pasadakhale - milungu iwiri musanadzalemo mbande.
Kukula mbande
Musanabzala mbande m'nthaka, kudyetsa kumachitika masiku 7-10, feteleza wovuta ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kuzomera zazing'ono. Chophweka kukonzekera yankho labwino kwambiri "Kemira" kapena "Master" wapadera mbande. Ndizosavuta kuzikonzekera: malinga ndi malangizo, magalamu 5 a feteleza (supuni 1) amasungunuka mu 2 malita a madzi.
Musanabzala pamalo otseguka, mbande ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa kutsogolera kuwala ndi kutseguka - zouma. Pazinthu zowuma ngati izi, mabokosi amchere okhala ndi tomato amatengedwa kupita kumsewu kwa maola 0,5 kaye ndikuwonjezera nthawi mpaka maola awiri.
Kufikira
Mtunda pakati pa tchire umadalira kukula kwa chomeracho. Pamunda wamaluwa, tomato amayikidwa m'mizere iwiri yoyang'ana kumpoto ndi kumwera. Pazanyengo zaku Belarus, malowa ali ndi zabwino zambiri.
- Mitundu yapakatikati (kuyambira 50 cm) imakula bwino pazogwirizira. Mizere iwiri ikulolani kuti mukonze tchire ku trellis wamba kapena waya.
- Tomato amatenthedwa ndi dzuwa tsiku lonse ndipo amakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Izi ndizabwino kupewa matenda a fungal.
- Ngati ndi kotheka, mzere wapawiri ukhoza kutetezedwa mosavuta ndi chophimba chowala pamafilimu.
- Tomato onse pang'onopang'ono - ndikosavuta kusamalira munda ndikukolola.
Kulima tomato ku Belarus ndi ku Kuban sikusiyana ndi njirayo (mmera ndi yopanda mbewu), komanso pakachulukidwe kabzala ka mbewu panja.
Belarus | M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri | Kukonzekera kwaulere m'munda kuti mukhale ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuyatsa |
Kuban | Dzuwa lotentha ndi mvula yochepa |
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Kwa Belarus, mtunda woyenera wa mitundu yayikulu ya tomato ndi 50 cm motsatizana ndi 60-70 cm pakati pa mizere mukamabzala lamba m'mizere iwiri. Kudutsa pakati pa mizere kuyenera kukhala osachepera 1 mita.
Zolakwitsa zomwe amaluwa amapanga akamabzala munthaka
Kukula tomato sikungakhale kovuta ngakhale kwa wamaluwa oyamba kumene. Tomato sanakhalepo apadera achikazi - ichi ndi chomera cholimba kwambiri.
Pali zolakwika zingapo zomwe zingapewe.
- Kudzala mbande pamalo otseguka molawirira kwambiri.
- Kuyika feteleza wochulukirapo kudzenje. Manyowa a nayitrogeni amakakamiza kuti apeze zobiriwira, m'malo mopanga maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira.
- Kutsirira mopitilira muyeso, kuphatikiza kuthirira masamba, zomwe mosakayikira zimabweretsa mliri wa bowa.
- Kukhuthala kwa mabedi ku Belarus sikungapangitse kuti zokolola zizichuluka, koma kumangoyambitsa matenda.
- Mbande ikangoyamba mizu, yambani kupanga tchire - izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino komanso kuonjezera chitetezo cha chomeracho.
- Lekani kuthirira atangomaliza kumene tomato atapeza mkhalidwewo.
Nyengo ya Belarus ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi madera otentha - kwawo kwa nightshade. Mfundo zazikulu zakulima tomato ku Belarus:
- kuwerengera molondola masiku ofesa mbande;
- pitani mbewu zazing'ono pabedi lokonzekera munthawi yake;
- perekani chitonthozo chachikulu kwa mbande mpaka zitakula.
Kutsata malamulo osavuta kumatsimikizira kukolola kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato.