M'mbuyomu, mbewu zamphesa zimalimidwa kuti apange vinyo wabwino kuchokera pazokolola zomwe zapezeka. Pachifukwa ichi, ziwembuzo zidabzalidwa ndi mitundu ya mphesa yanthito yomwe imatulutsa madzi ambiri. Ndipo lero, olima vinyo ambiri amayesa kusankha mbewu zokoma kwambiri komanso zowonetsera bwino kuti adye zipatso zokoma ndikukongoletsa matebulo ndi magulu abwino. Chimodzi mwazitsanzo ndi chikhalidwe cha mphesa cha Baikonur.
Kufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ya Baikonur
Chomeracho ndi chotchuka kwambiri chifukwa chimabala zokolola zabwino kwambiri, chimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino pamoyo wamunthu komanso chimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa.
Mphesa zimachokera ku zoyesayesa za woweta Pavlovsky E.G., yemwe adalumikiza mitundu yonse ya Chithumwa ndi Krasotka kukhala chimodzi. Baikonur adalanda kwa iwo kukana nyengo zosakhazikika, kuthekera kwakukulu kuzolowera malo atsopano.
Chikhalidwe cholimbana ndi chisanu chimakula bwino ndipo chimabweretsa zigawo za pakati pa Russia, chimakula ngakhale mdera la Moscow.
Magulu okongola amasiyanitsa Baikonur ndi mbewu zina za mphesa. Zipatso zozungulira zimapanga masango akulu, mpaka kukula magalamu mazana asanu.
Wophatikiza amatanthauza kukhwima msanga, zipatso zoyamba zimatha kuchotsedwa kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Kuyambira pomwe kapangidwe ka timapepala tatsiriza mpaka kucha, chikhalidwe chimafunikira masiku osapitirira zana limodzi ndi khumi.
Makhalidwe a zipatso
Amawonedwa ngati chisonyezo chofunikira kwambiri pakusiyanasiyana. Mabulosi onse amafika kutalika 4 cm, kulemera kwapakati kumakhala pakati pa magalamu khumi ndi atatu mpaka khumi ndi asanu. Mawonekedwe ake ndi otambalala, kulozeredwa kunsonga. Ndi chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa zipatso zomwe zosiyanazi sizingasokonezedwe ndi ena.
Malinga ndi malongosoledwewo, mthunzi wa zipatso umakhala wofiirira wakuda mpaka lilac yamatcheri. Khungu lakuda limakutidwa ndi zokutira phula pafupifupi mtundu wakuda.
Mnofu wandiweyani umagwedezeka pang'ono mukaluma, ili ndi fungo lapadera komanso zipatso za zipatso, zogwirizana bwino ndi kudandaula kwa mphesa. Mitengoyi ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso yotsekemera ndipo imakhala ndi shuga pafupifupi 20 peresenti.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Ubwino waukulu wachikhalidwe cha mphesa ndi:
- kukula kwa zipatso ndi kukoma kwawo, kukongola kwakunja;
- msinkhu wokalamba;
- kuthekera kosungira nthawi yayitali komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri;
- kuyimitsa pollinayokha, kulola kupanga zipatso mu nyengo iliyonse;
- khungu lolimba limalepheretsa zipatso kuti zisawonongeke kuchokera ku chinyezi chowonjezera;
- zosiyanasiyana zimatsutsana ndi matenda a fungal, sizimakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi zowola, mavu amauluka mozungulira icho;
- tchire kulekerera chisanu mpaka madigiri -23, komabe ayenera kuziphimba nthawi yachisanu;
- Mbewuyo imatha kulimidwa osati kokha kuti izigwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso malonda.
Mtundu wosakanizidwawo ndi watsopano, palibe mikhalidwe yoyipa yomwe yadziwika.
Pakadali pano, wamaluwa ali ndi chikhumbo chimodzi chokha - kuchotsa mbewu zomwe zili mu zipatso.
Kufika
Chikhalidwe chimakula bwino m'malo omwe dzuwa lokwanira ndipo palibe ma drafts... Chifukwa chake, iyenera kubzalidwa kumwera chakumwera.
Chomeracho chilibe zofunikira zapadera kuti zipangike panthaka. Koma zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa ma chernozems opepuka. Madzi apansi ayenera kukhala akuya mamita 2 - 2.5 kuchokera padziko lapansi.
Ndondomeko yobzala ndiyofunika kwambiri. Kuti tchire lisaphimbirane, liyenera kubzalidwa pakadutsa mamita atatu, kupatula mizere inayi yopingasa mizere.
Mutha kuyamba kubzala nthawi kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi ndipo pitirizani isanafike nyengo yachilimwe... Pakadutsa nthawi iliyonse muyenera kusankha kubzala.
Mbande zokololedwa m'dzinja ziyenera kubzalidwa mu Marichi; nthawi yachisanu, kuyala kumatha kuchitika. Ndipo kubzala mbande zobiriwira, muyenera kuyembekezera kuyamba kwa kutentha kokhazikika.
Chitsamba cha mphesa chimabzalidwa magawo angapo:
- dzenje lokwelera likukonzedwa m'milungu ingapo. Kuzama kwake kuyenera kukhala kokwanira kupanga feteleza ambiri - masentimita osachepera makumi asanu ndi atatu... Humus amathiridwa mmenemo, osakanikirana ndi nthaka yachonde. Kusakaniza kuyenera kupatsidwa nthawi kuti akhazikike bwino. Pamwamba pa fetereza, nthaka wamba imatsanulidwa;
- Ndibwino kuti mugule mmera. Ngati pali chitsamba cha Baikonur patsamba lanu, ndiye kuti kudula kumatha kubzalidwa mumphika wamba wamaluwa kuti mizu ipange. Musanabzala, mizu iyenera kuthiridwa m'madzi kwa masiku angapo;
- mukamabzala, mmera umakula mpaka kolala yazu... Dzenjelo limadzazidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti pasapezeke mapiketi a mpweya m'nthaka;
- kubzala kumatha ndikuthirira kambiri - osachepera ndowa zitatu. Kenako dothi liyenera kudzazidwa ndi utuchi kapena moss.
Kusamalira mipesa yaying'ono komanso yokhwima
M'chaka chomeracho chimathiriridwa tsiku ndi tsikumpaka nthawi yamaluwa itayamba. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kukulitsidwa panthawi yomwe zipatsozo zimapanga. Onetsetsani kuti mulch nthaka kuti chinyezi chikhalebe motalika.
Chaka chilichonse, pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse, feteleza amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakubzala.
Mukameta, muyenera kusiya nthambi zazitali... Cuttings akhoza kukhala okonzeka kuchokera odulidwa mphukira. Nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, chomeracho chiyenera pogonakuteteza nyengo yozizira.
Kupopera mankhwala kwa matenda kumayenera kuchitika musanadye maluwa.
Njira zoberekera
Baikonur itha kufalikira m'njira zitatu:
- mitengo... Njira yosavutayi ndi yoyenera kubwera koyamba. Mmera wokhazikika umabala zipatso mzaka zitatu kapena zinayi;
- zodulira... Chikhalidwe chamtundu wina chalumikizidwa pazitsa za tchire lakale lokhala ndi mitengo yathanzi komanso mizu yolimba. Mphukira imayamba kulandira zakudya zonse kuchokera ku chomeracho, imapeza mphamvu ndikukula. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zoyambira za kuswana ndikuphatikiza bwino mitundu kuti igwirizane bwino;
- kuyika... Mphukira zazitali zimapendekera panthaka, zimalimbikitsidwa ndi zoponyera, ndikuwaza nthaka nthawi imodzi. Ndikofunika kuthirira malo ano mozama kuti mizu iyambe kutuluka. Kenako masanjidwewo amadula chomera chachikulire ndikusandulika chitsamba chodziyimira pawokha. Ngakhale mizu sinakule bwino, tchire limabzalidwa kumalo atsopano.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Mipesa yamphesa imapewa matenda, zipatso zawo zimatetezedwa molondola ku mavu. Koma ngati njira yodzitetezera pagawo loyambirira la nyengo yokula, sikungakhale koyenera kukonza mbeuyo.
Mukamabisala nyengo yachisanu, dziwani makoswe ndikuchita zofunikira kuti muwopsyeze.
Mphesa zimakhala ndi malingaliro abwino ogula omwe amasangalatsa wamaluwa. "Baikonur" ili ndi chimodzi chokha chosasangalatsa - nthawi yoyeserera yayifupi... Koma ngati zikhalidwe zonse za chisamaliro zikuwonedwa, zokolola zabwino za zipatso zimapezeka.