Mwa mitundu yonse ya ma currants, wakuda amawerengedwa kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Ndi iye yemwe amapitilira kanayi kuposa mandimu potengera vitamini C, komanso wolemera mu iron, calcium, manganese, potaziyamu ndi zinc. Osati zipatso zokha, komanso masamba a chomeracho, omwe tiyi wonunkhira amapezeka, amachiritsa.
Ubwino wathanzi la currant wakuda ndiwokulirapo kotero kuti umatha kuchotsa ma radiation m'thupi, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndi asayansi ofufuza pambuyo pa ngozi yaku Chernobyl. Ndipo kwa iwo omwe kulawa ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndibwino kuti musamalire mitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu ndi zotsekemera, imodzi mwa iyo ndi mtundu wakuda wa currant Pigmy.
M'nkhaniyi, tiona momwe mafotokozedwe amtunduwu amafotokozera, mawonekedwe a zipatso, ndikuphunzira momwe tingathanirane ndi tizirombo.
Kufotokozera kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya curig Pigmy
Mitundu ya Pygmy idapangidwa ndi woweta VS Ilyin. pa ntchito yake ku South Ural Research Institute of Zipatso ndi Masamba Mbewu. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu ya mmera njiwa ndi Bradthorpe idawoloka. Kuyambira 1999, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakhala ikuphatikizidwa mu State Register ndipo imaloledwa kulimidwa ku Volgo-Vyatka, Ural, Far East, komanso zigawo za Eastern ndi Western Siberia.
Chomeracho palokha ndichachikulu, chotambalala pang'ono. Mphukira za makulidwe apakatikati, zowongoka, zobiriwira. Masamba amakhala okha, abulauni, oval ooneka bwino. Masambawo ndi akulu, azitsulo zisanu, atakwinyika, ali ndi mano m'mphepete mwake. Maluwawo ndi aang'ono, otumbululuka pinki.
Pygmy amawerengedwa kuti ndi mtundu wakucha-pakati, zipatso zimayamba kukololedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Juni kapena koyambirira kwa Julayi.
Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, zozungulira komanso zakuda kowala. Kutalika kwa maburashi kumakhala pafupifupi, amakhala ndi zipatso 5 mpaka 10.
Ubwino wa mitundu iyi:
- Zokolola zambiri. Mpaka makilogalamu 6 a zipatso amatengedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi. Zokolola pamalonda, zokolola zimatha kufikira matani 22.8 pa hekitala.
- Zipatso zazikulu kwambiri komanso zotsekemera. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi kumafikira 8g. Zosiyanasiyana zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mchere, ndipo zili ndi mfundo zisanu zokoma kwa chipatso.
- Kutalika kwa zipatso nthawi yayitali. Mitengoyi imapsa mosagwirizana, chifukwa chake zokolola zimatenga milungu itatu mpaka miyezi 1.5.
- Zosiyanasiyana zachonde ndi zokolola zapachaka.
- Zima hardiness. Yoyenera kukula kumadera okhala ndi chisanu, imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka madigiri 35.
- Kulimbana ndi matenda omwe amapezeka mu currants monga powdery mildew ndi anthracnose.
Zina mwazovuta, ndi kuthekera kwakanthawi kosiyanasiyana kwa septoria ndi ziwopsezo za impso zomwe zimatha kusiyanitsidwa.
Mitundu ya Pygmy ndiyodzichepetsa posamalira; simuyenera kuyesetsa kuti mukule. Koma, monga mbewu zonse za zipatso, kuyamba kwa zipatso ndi zipatso za chomera chimadalira kubzala kolondola kwa mmera.
Sapling malamulo osankha ndi kubzala
Mukamagula mmera wa blackcurrant, mverani izi:
- Zaka. Oyenera kubzala mbande za chaka chimodzi ndi ziwiri.
- Muzu. Mizu siyiyenera kuuma kapena kuwonongeka.
- Nthambi. Bwino kuti chitsamba chikhale ndi nthambi, chimafulumira.
Ngati mukubzala mbande zapachaka, ndipo zikuwoneka ngati zofooka kwambiri kwa inu, pitani tchire limodzi nthawi imodzi mu dzenje limodzi, ndikupendeketsa mbali zosiyanasiyana. Njira yobzala iyi ikuthandizani kuti mupange chitsamba champhamvu mtsogolo.
Mutha kubzala ma currants masika ndi nthawi yophukira. Ndi bwino kuyamba kubzala masika pambuyo poti zisungunuke, kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo, kutengera nyengo. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhala ndi nthawi yochita izi masamba asanayambe kuphuka, apo ayi chomeracho chikhala chovuta kuzika. Komabe, kubzala nthawi yophukira ndi kotheka, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembara mpaka koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Ngati mutha kubzala ma currants kutatsala milungu iwiri kuti nyengo yozizira iyambe, idzakhala ndi nthawi yoti muzike ndikukhazikika m'nyengo yozizira.
Malo obzala zitsamba ayenera kukhala owala bwino komanso otetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu. Mizu ya currant imapirira mosavuta kusefukira kwamadzi kanthawi kochepa chifukwa cha chipale chofewa kapena mvula, koma sichingamere pa dothi lonyowa komanso malo okwera am'madzi. Ndipo ngati dothi ndilolimba, ndiye kuti liyenera kuthiridwa.
Kubzala mmera wa currant kumaphatikizapo izi:
- Kutatsala milungu iwiri kuti tsiku lodzala lifike, kumbani mabowo a currants mpaka 40 cm mpaka 60 cm mulifupi. M'malo mabowo angapo, mutha kupanga ngalande imodzi yayitali. Popeza mtundu wa Pygmy currant ndiwofanana, zomerazo zimatha kuyikidwa mtunda wa 1-1.5 m wina ndi mnzake.
- Pakatha masabata angapo, dziko lapansi likukhazikika, dzazani dzenje 2/3 lodzaza ndi nthaka yachonde yothira feteleza. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito humus (8 kg), superforfate (200 g) ndi potaziyamu sulphate (40 g).
- Ikani mmera mu dzenje pamtunda wa madigiri 45, pomwe kolala ya mizu imapita masentimita 5-8 pansi. Tithokoze kubzala komwe kumakhazikika, zikhalidwe zidzapangidwa kuti mizu ndi mphukira zikule kuchokera pachimake m'mbali yamtengo wa tsinde.
- Yambani mizu ndi kuwaphimba ndi nthaka. Mukamadzaza nthaka, sansani mmera kuti pasakhale mawonekedwe pakati pa mizu.
- Mukabzala kumaliza, kuthirira chitsamba ndi malita 10 a madzi ndikuthira nthaka pansi pake ndi peat kapena humus. Pambuyo masiku atatu, bwerezani zonse kuthirira ndi mulching.
- Kukula msanga kwa tchire, mphukira zake zimatha kudulidwa ndi gawo lachitatu.
Kubzala kotsirizira kotha kumaliza kumatha kuganiziridwa mwa mwezi umodzi, mukamakonzekera ma currants nthawi yachisanu. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuthira tchire ndi dothi masentimita 10 ndikuthira gawo loyandikira bwino. Masika, ma currants ndi osaphika, omasuka ku mulch wochuluka ndi nthaka. Pokhapokha ngati mutabzala bwino mungayesedwe.
Mitundu ya Pygmy siyifuna chisamaliro chochuluka, koma izi sizitanthauza kuti mutha kuyiwala zazomera musanakolole. Akufunikirabe chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri.
Black currant chisamaliro malamulo
Kusamalira shrub kumakhala ndi izi:
- Feteleza... Zakudya zambiri zimadyedwa ndi chomeracho nthawi yachilimwe komanso koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Feteleza ayenera kuthiridwa m'nthaka kugwa ndi kukumba mchaka, pamalo a 1.5-2 m kuzungulira thunthu. Nthaka za kubereka kwapakatikati zimafunikira feteleza otere pa mita imodzi:
- Zomera mpaka zaka zitatu - organic (5-6 kg), urea (15 g), potaziyamu wa sulfuric (12 g), superphosphate (50 g);
- Kwa mbewu kuyambira zaka 4: organic matter (5-6 kg), urea (22 g), sulfuric acid potaziyamu (15 g), superphosphate (50 g).
- Kusamalira nthaka. Zimatanthawuza kuti zizikhala zosasunthika komanso zopanda udzu. Kuti musavulaze mizu, mutha kumasula nthaka masentimita 8 pafupi ndi tchire ndi masentimita 12 pamphambano. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kumalola kuthira nthaka ndi peat, humus kapena manyowa. Nthaka pansi pa mulch imasungabe chinyezi komanso kuwuma kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Kuthirira. Ndikofunikira, makamaka ngati nthawi youma idagwa popanga ovary. Pankhani yadzinja louma, chisanu chisanayambike, ndikofunikanso kuthirira zitsamba (mpaka 5 malita pa 1 sq.m.), chifukwa nthaka yowuma ingayambitse kuzizira kwa tchire m'nyengo yozizira.
Chofunikira pakufunafuna zokolola ndichithandizo cha zomera ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Matenda ndi tizirombo zakuda currant
Mitundu ya Pygmy imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri a currant. Matenda okhawo omwe ayenera kutetezedwa ndi septoria, dzina lina loyera. Ichi ndi matenda a fungal, omwe mawonekedwe ake amawoneka ngati mawanga mpaka 3 mm m'mimba mwake pamasamba a currant.
Poyamba zimakhala zofiirira kwathunthu, kenako zimayera pakati, ndipo zimakhala zofiirira m'mphepete mwake. Zipatso za chomeracho zimatha kuphimbidwanso ndi malo ang'onoang'ono. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, masamba onse atha kugwera pa currant.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, tchire ndi nthaka pansi pake ziyenera kupopera mankhwalawa ndi yankho la mkuwa sulphate kapena nitrafen. Ndikofunika kuchita izi maluwa asanayambe kuphuka. Zikatero, madzi a Bordeaux amathandiza, omwe amadzipukutira mu 100 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Ndikofunika kukonza ma currants nthawi yomweyo pomwe zizindikilo zoyambirira zikuwonekera, ndipo nthawi yachiwiri pakatha masiku 10 mutakolola.
Chotsani masamba omwe agwa pansi pa tchire la currant, ndi mwa iwo momwe bowa limakhalira nyengo yozizira. Pofuna kupewa, mutha kukumba pansi mozungulira-thunthu kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso koyambirira kwamasika.
Mwa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, mtundu wa Pygmy ndi womwe umakonda kwambiri matenda a impso. Ndi tizilombo tating'ono 0,15-0.3 mm m'litali, tomwe timabisala mu masamba a currant. M'chaka, podzuka, akazi amagona mphutsi m'masamba, omwe, akamakula, amafalikira ku chomera chonse. Masamba owonongeka sangathe kukula, ndipo mphukira, ikakula kuchokera mwa iwo, idzasinthidwa. Kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa mphukira ndikuchepetsa zokolola, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndiwowopsa chifukwa chokhoza kunyamula matenda amtundu.
Njira zowononga tizilombo:
- Madzi otentha. Njira yotetezeka kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Mphutsi zonse zimafa ndi madzi otentha, ndipo chomeracho sichimavulazidwa. Osangotsanulira madzi otentha a digirii 100 kuthengo, madzi ayenera kuziziritsa pang'ono mukamabweretsa kumunda ndikutsanulira mumtsuko wothirira. Mangani nthambi pamodzi kuti mbewuyo ikhale yolinganizidwa bwino. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi impso zisanadzuke, apo ayi zitha kuvulazidwa.
- Kuchotsa kwa impso zomwe zakhudzidwa. Njirayi ndi yovuta, koma yotetezeka. Masamba omwe ali ndi nthata adzatupa komanso ozungulira. Ndi bwino kuchita izi musanagwe, chifukwa nthawi yachilimwe ndizosavuta kusokoneza impso yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ndi mphukira ndi mphukira.
- Sulfa yamtundu wa Colloidal. Imasungunuka m'madzi mu kuchuluka kwa 10 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Tchire limakonzedwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamaluwa ndipo atangomaliza kumene. Njirayi ndiyabwino pamavuto akafika pakupulumutsa moyo wa chomeracho. Kukonzekera koteroko kumatha kuwononga zokolola, koma chaka chamawa zidzachira.
- Kudulira. Njira yayikulu kwambiri. Ngati sizingatheke kuthana ndi njira zina ndi tizilombo, ndiye kuti zimangodula tchire pansi pa muzu ndikugwa moleza mtima mpaka chomera chikakule.
Kuti asagwiritse ntchito njira zowopsya, ma currants amafunikira chisamaliro chanthawi zonse. Zomera zomwe zimadyetsedwa pafupipafupi, kudulidwa, komanso kuthandizidwa mosamala zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
Ubwino wake ndikutheka kwa pygmy yakuda ndikuyenera kuyesetsa posamalira. Mukabzala bwino, chomeracho chimabala zipatso kwa zaka zosachepera 10, ndipo mosamala nyengo zonse ndikukula ndikutetezedwa ku tizirombo, nthawi yoberekayo imatha kupitilizidwa mpaka zaka 20-25.