Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zazikulu, malinga ndi miyezo yathu, mtengo mpaka 25 mita ku Greece ili ndi ubale wosalunjika: zipatso zidabweretsedwa kuchokera kumwera, ndipo "Greece ili ndi zonse." Zowonadi, imakulira komweko, mitundu yamtchire yamtchire imapezeka ku Europe.
Mtengo umawoneka wokongola. Mtedza womwe ukukula mosiyanasiyana umangosiyana ndi kutalika kwake - korona wake umafikanso m'mimba mwake mamita 20.
Mwa miyezo yaku Europe, ali ndi chiwindi chachitali (chachiwiri pambuyo pa thundu) - zitsanzo za mitengo yazaka 300 mpaka 400 zimapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Kukula kwa mtengowu kumayamba ndikupanga mizu yamphamvu, yomwe imatha kufikira 1.5 mita kuzama mchaka chachisanu ndi 3.5 mita ndi zaka 20.
Zowongoka sizimakula nthawi yomweyo - zimapangidwa pambuyo pachimake, zomwe zimakhala pamtunda wotalika kwa 20-50 sentimita.
Mtengo umayamba kubala zipatso pambuyo pa zaka 10 za moyo, ndipo kuyambira zaka 30 mpaka 40, nthawi yodzaza zipatso zonse amabwera.
Ngati mitengo ikukula m'magulu, itapatirana pang'ono, imatulutsa zokolola zopitilira 30 kg, pomwe mtedza womasuka umatha kupereka makilogalamu 400 a mtedza.
Koma zochitika zotere ndizochepa, ndi mtengo wa zaka 150-170 zokha womwe umatha kukolola. Nthawi zambiri mtengo wachikulire wa 25-40 wazaka ku Moldova umapereka zipatso za 1500-2000 kapena 2000-2500 ku Crimea.
Dera la Moscow, dera lapakati la Russia - ndi kuti komwe mungabzala ndikukula walnuts
Amapezeka ku Europe kuchokera kumapiri a Caucasus kupita ku St.kumene mtedza wakumpoto kwambiri ku Russia umakula. Koma izi ndizokha, kupatula komwe kumangotsimikizira lamuloli.
Mitengoyi siimaundana kwathunthu, komanso sikukula mokwanira.
Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimatsimikizira kuthekera kokulima kwa mtengo wakumwerawu si nyengo yozizira yozizira kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku kopitilira madigiri 10 kumatengedwa. Sizingakhale zosakwana 190 C.
Ngati m'nyengo yozizira kutentha sikutsika -36 madigiri ndipo kwa masiku 130-140 pachaka kutentha kumakhala pamwamba pa 0 C, mtedza ukhoza kukula ndikubala zipatso.
Kulimba bwino kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira kunawonetsedwa ndi ma hybrids aku Manchurian okhala ndi walnuts.
Mukamabzala ngakhale mbewu zabwino kwambiri zobwera kuchokera kumwera, kusintha kwa nyengo yozizira sikuchitika - mitengo yotere nthawi zambiri imazizira ndipo sichimabala zipatso.
Mitunduyi ndi yosayenera kulimidwa m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. (kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Ukraine, gombe la Black Sea la Caucasus).
Mtedza wokha wakum'mawa kwa Ukraine, mapiri a Central Asia kapena Caucasus ndi omwe akusintha bwino mkhalidwe watsopano wapakati pa Russia.
Komanso, ndi bwino kulima nati kuchokera ku fupa - mmera wotumizidwa (ngakhale kuchokera kumadera omwe awonetsedwa) udzakhala wotsika kwambiri pakupirira komanso kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zatsopano.
Momwe mungakhalire ndi nthawi yobzala ndikukula mtengo kuchokera kumera: zikhalidwe
Iyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo pamalo okhazikika.... Sizowona kubzala mtengo wazaka 5. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha kuganizira zinthu zonse ndikuwerengera zotsatirapo zake.
Mtengo wolimba umatha kupanga mthunzi waukulu pamalo pafupifupi 100 sq. M. Muyenera kufufuta malowa kuti asafalitsidwe - pansi pa mtedza, pali zochepa zomwe zimatha kubala zipatso (mphamvu yakupondereza biofield yamtengo waukulu imakhudza).
Kumbali inayi, malowa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira malo azisangalalo mchilimwe - mtedza mafuta ofunikira amateteza ntchentche ndi udzudzu.
Timasankha malo obzala m'mphepete mwa mundawokuti mthunzi wina usaphimbe. Mtedzawo ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri panthaka, ngakhale umakonda dothi lamiyala lamiyala.
Dzenje lobzala limakumbidwa kotero kuti pansi pa mizu pali miyala yosanjikiza 25 sentimita.
Pansi pa dzenje lobzala muyenera kudzazidwa ndi zinyalala zomanga (njerwa zosweka, zidutswa za simenti, mwala wosweka) - njirayi imakupatsani mwayi wosintha nthawi yamaluwa pamasabata 1-2 (miyala imayamba kutentha pang'ono, nati imayamba kukula pang'ono, kudumpha nyengo yachisanu).
Theka ndowa ya phulusa, kompositi kapena humus imayambitsidwa m dzenjemo... Nthaka sayenera kukhala yachonde kwambiri, mtedzawo umakula mwamphamvu ndipo sudzakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Mmera woti mubzalidwe uyenera kutengedwa kokha kwa wogulitsa wodalirika, apo ayi simupeza kalikonse kupatula nthambi zouma zachisanu za mtengo wakumwera, mwina simudikirira zokolola.
Mtengo wa mtedza umabzalidwa kokha mchaka; umalowa munthawi yopumula molawirira kwambiri ndipo ulibe nthawi yoti uzike mizu nyengo yachisanu isanafike.
Amakhulupirira kuti mtedza wobzalidwa ndi dzanja lake m'mafupa umakula kukhala mtengo womwe umasinthidwa kukhala zinthu zatsopano, zomwe zidzakula bwino.
Mbewu zimabzalidwa kugwa molunjika m'nthaka mpaka kuya kwa masentimita 7-10... Ndibwino kuti mugone m'mbali mmbali mwa msoko. Kubzala masika kumafuna miyezi 2-3 ya stratification mumchenga wonyowa.
Chisamaliro chapadera cha mbande sichifunika - pakati panjira ngakhale mtedzawo mulibe tizirombo.
Momwe mungabzalidwe mtedza wa mtedza wapachaka:
Kusamalira pambuyo pobzala: mchaka, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira
Momwe mungasamalire? Walnuts angafunike kuthirira kokha masika ndi koyambirira kwa chilimwe.pamene pali kukula kwakukulu kwa misa yobiriwira. Kawirikawiri, nthaka ya chinyezi chanyengo ndi yokwanira mtengo.
Mitengo yaing'ono yokha mpaka zaka 5-7 imawathirira, ngati yauma.
Mizu yoyambira ya mtengo wakummwera imasinthidwa kuti ipeze madzi kumapeto kwenikweni. Pambuyo pa zaka 10, nthawi zambiri muyenera kuiwala zakuthirira mtedza.
Kwa iye, chinyezi chowonjezera chimawopseza kukula kwambiri, kuwononga kusasitsa ndi kukonza nkhuni m'nyengo yozizira. Kuzizira pambuyo poti nyengo yachilimwe yamvula imatsimikizika.
Kuphatikiza pa kusiya kuthirira, muyenera kusamalira kukonzekera mizu m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa chake, Makungwa amtengo ayenera kuthiridwa ndi zinthu zilizonse kapena manyowa:
- m'chilimwe - kusunga chinyezi;
- m'dzinja - kuteteza dothi lapamwamba ku kuzizira.
M'madera ozizira kwambiri, dothi limadzaza ndi osanjikiza osachepera 10 cm, makamaka m'malo omwe kuli chipale chofewa pang'ono.
Ndikofunika kuphimba tsinde mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi ndi nthambi za spruce kapena kukulunga m'manyuzipepala angapo (pambuyo pa chisanu choyamba). Izi zikuthandizani kuti mupulumuke -40 madigiri ndi pansipa.
Malo ogonawa amangofunikira m'zaka zoyambirira. - nkhuni ziyenera kuumitsidwa mwachilengedwe.
Momwe mungasamalire moyenera ntchito yolimayo: kusasitsa ndi pambuyo pake
Monga mbewu zonse za zipatso, mtedza amafunikira kudya kwakanthawi.
M'chaka, feteleza a nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe - feteleza yekha ndi potaziyamu wa phosphorous, omwe ali ndi udindo wokonzekera mtengo m'nyengo yozizira ndikupanga masamba a zipatso mukakolola.
Pa nthaka yolimidwa, simungadyetse nayitrogeni konse, ndikugwiritsa ntchito phosphorous ndi potashi feteleza (potengera chinthu chogwira ntchito) pa 10 g / m2.
Kuyeserera kumawonetsa kuti lamuloli limagwira ntchito pazochitika zonse mtedza usamere pamiyala ndi dongo.
Chomwe chimasangalatsa makamaka - pakatikati, mtedza ulibe adani achilengedwe... Zanenedwa kale kuti ntchentche ndi udzudzu zimauluka mozungulira icho.
Komanso, mankhwala othandiza kwambiri kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mbozi zosiyanasiyana akhoza kukonzedwa kuchokera ku masamba a mtedza, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ku Ukraine.
Timalangiza: 2 kg ya masamba pa chidebe chamadzi - kunena mpaka njirayo ithe, kapena chithupsa. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito masamba owuma a chaka chatha.
Njira yakunyumba ilibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu limakupatsani kukonza mitengo ndi tchire ndi thumba losunga mazira a zipatso ndi mabulosi.
Kuphatikiza
Tsoka ilo, kudula mtedza sikuzika - kufalitsa kumachitika kokha ndi mbewu.
Katemera amachitika pamene:
- pali mmera wa mtedza wa Manchurian wolimba nthawi yozizira, womwe -40 m'nyengo yozizira si vuto;
- Mitundu yobzalidwayo sinakwaniritse zomwe amayembekezera - panali mwayi wopanganitsanso.
Mbande zapachaka zimalumikizidwa ndikugawana ndikukula moyang'aniridwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha kuti ziwonetsedwe.
Mitengo yaying'ono yomwe yatulutsa kale mtedza woyamba atha kuphatikizidwanso "kuphukira ndi diso" - khungwa lokhalo limachotsedwa pamphukira ngati theka la chubu (njirayo amatchedwa iyo) ndipo imaphatikizidwa ndi kudula komweko pa chitsa.
Mpaka kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, tsamba la katemera limangirizidwa ndi kanema.
Zotsatira zakumezanitsa mtengo wa mtedza wachikulire:
Kubereka mdziko muno
Njira yayikulu yopezera mbande ikukula kuchokera kubzala... Pofuna kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta, mtedzawu umabzalidwa kugwa mozama pafupifupi masentimita 10 popanda kukonzanso kwina. Amakhulupirira kuti ndibwino kuziyika chammbali pamsoko.
Iwo omwe analibe nthawi yowayika m'manda m'nyengo yozizira, amawaika mumchenga wonyowa m'chipinda chapansi - mtedza uyenera kupyola stratification, apo ayi siwonongeka.
Walnut imapangidwanso mwatsopano ndi mphukira za pneumatic kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zokha. Mitengoyi imatha kubala zipatso mchaka chachiwiri, ndipo pa 10 - yakolola kale.
Zikuoneka kuti walnuts amatha kubzalidwa bwino ndikukula m'nyumba yanyumba yapakatikati, m'chigawo cha Moscow. Ndikokwanira kutsatira malamulo osavuta:
- kusankha malo;
- mmera - amangolekedwa;
- Kukakamizidwa kwa mkombero wa thunthu;
- pogona la thunthu ku chisanu mzaka zoyambirira za moyo.
Zonsezi zili m'manja mwa wamaluwa ambiri.... Sankhani malo otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira - mtedzawo zikomo.