Beetroot imawerengedwa kuti ndi yachikhalidwe kuchokera ku swans, yomwe timalimira paliponse komanso bwino m'minda yathu, timagwiritsa ntchito kuphika ngati chopatsa thanzi komanso chokoma. Chomeracho ndichapadera, osati mizu yake yokha, komanso nsonga ndizoyenera kudya. Borscht, vinaigrette imakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu supu ndi saladi wama vitamini.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a beetroot
Masamba ndi chomera chomwe chimachitika zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Mizu yake ndi yayikulu, kulemera kwake kumafikira kilogalamu imodzi. Mtundu - maroon. Kunja, zipatso zimawoneka mozungulira kapena mosabisa. Masambawo ndi otambalala, obiriwira. Mutabzala panthaka mchaka chachiwiri, nyengo yamaluwa ndi kupanga mbewu imayamba.
Nthawi yobzala ndi kukolola ndiyosiyana, kutengera nyengo yazomera zomwe zimalima, zimatha miyezi iwiri kapena inayi.
Malinga ndi mapangidwe a zokolola, ma beet amatebulo amagawika m'magulu anayi:
- kukhwima koyambirira (kuyambira masiku 65 mpaka 80);
- kucha koyambirira (mpaka masiku 100);
- nyengo yapakatikati (mpaka masiku 130);
- Kuchedwa kucha (kuyambira masiku 130).
Masamba ali ndi mapuloteni ambiri, chakudya, fiber, mavitamini othandiza, carotene, zidulo, ndi mchere.
Dziko lakwawo komanso madera okula a beetroot
Chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cham'munda chidawonekera zaka mazana awiri zapitazo. Kholo lawo limadziwika kuti ndi chard, lomwe limakula msanga ku Western Europe, m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Chomeracho chinatchulidwa koyamba m'zaka za zana lachisanu BC. Mangold ndipo adakhala woyamba masiku ano mitundu ya beet - tebulo, shuga ndi chakudya. Kuchokera pamenepo, mitundu yamakono yatengera mwayi waukulu - zomwe zili ndi ayodini wambiri.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya beet
Mpaka pano, akatswiri azaulimi apanga mitundu yambiri. Koma nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amakonda kutsatira izi:
- Ozizira zosagwira. Zosiyanasiyana ndi kucha koyambirira, mizu yapakatikati, imapsa miyezi iwiri ndi theka. Zipatsozo ndizokulungika, ndizofewa pang'ono, gawo lawo lakumtunda limakhala pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukolola. Zamkati ndi zokoma, zofiira, zowutsa mudyo. Kulemera kwake kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumafika magalamu mazana awiri. Mukamakula mtundu uwu kuchokera pagawo la mita khumi pamitengo, mutha kusonkhanitsa kuchokera ku kilogalamu makumi anayi mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zamasamba, zomwe zidzapitirira mwangwiro. Chomeracho ndi chosadzichepetsa, chimatha kupirira kuzizira, sichimadwala kawirikawiri ndi mafangasi. Njuchi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizilimidwa kumpoto;
- chuma. Chomera chodzichepetsa cha beet nthawi yakucha, chodalirika, chokhala ndi masamba ochepa a masamba, chimapereka zokolola zokhazikika. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti timere m'minda ya Urals. Yoyenera mitundu yonse yazokonza zophikira, kumalongeza, kusungitsa chizindikiro chosungira kwanthawi yayitali. Zamasamba zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe akulu, kulemera kwake kumafika magalamu atatu ndi makumi asanu. Zokolazo ndizokwera, kuyambira makilogalamu makumi anayi mpaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi kuchokera mamita khumi lalikulu;
- mpira wofiira. Beets wozungulira, msanga koyambirira. Kukula kwathunthu kumachitika miyezi itatu kapena inayi. Kulemera kwa masamba kuyambira magalamu atatu mpaka mazana asanu. Chomeracho chimalimbana ndi matenda bwino, sichitha maluwa, chimapereka mpaka ma kilogalamu makumi asanu ndi anayi kuchokera pa ma mita khumi lalikulu. Amawerengedwa kuti ndiabwino kwambiri pakusanthula kwamtundu uliwonse. Kusungidwa opanda zinyalala kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena isanu ndi itatu;
- pablo. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zokolola kwambiri ndipo ziyenera kukololedwa patatha miyezi itatu zitamera. Masamba amalemera mpaka magalamu zana, m'nyengo yophukira kulemera kwawo kumafika mazana asanu. Zamkati ndi zofiira kwambiri, zotsekemera komanso zokoma kwambiri. Zomera sizimang'ambika, sizimakonda kuphukira. Wosakanizidwa amapereka zokolola zokhazikika pamlingo wa kilogalamu sikisi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera mabwalo khumi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuphika.
Teknoloji yobzala beet pamalo otseguka
Dothi lachonde lachonde liyenera kusankhidwa pachikhalidwe ichi. Makonda amaperekedwa kwa loamy chernozems ndi peat bogs osalowerera ndale kapena pang'ono amchere. Acidity ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa beets, apo ayi mizu imakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndipo imatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ndizoletsedwa kubzala beets m'mabedi momwe manyowa atsopano adalowetsedwa.
Nkhaka, tomato, mbatata ndi anyezi amawerengedwa kuti ndiomwe amatsogola pachikhalidwe ichi. Ngakhale mbande zimatha kupulumuka chisanu, simuyenera kuchita zoopsa ndi izi - ndibwino kudikirira pang'ono.
Gawo ndi tsatane malangizo obzala kufupi ndi motere - bedi limamasulidwa kuzama masentimita asanu, ma grooves amapangidwa pakadutsa masentimita makumi atatu. Kukula kwa mbeu kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita atatu. Mbewu imafesedwa youma kapena kuyimitsidwa m'madzi. Nthaka iyenera kunyowetsedwa kale. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mbeu ndi masentimita atatu kapena anayi. Mutabzala beets, mizere iyenera kukonkhedwa ndi kuthirira. Mbande zidzawoneka pafupifupi sabata.
Kukula ndi kusamalira mbeu pambuyo pobzala
Pachiyambi cha kukula, beets ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi nayitrogeni, ndiye mankhwala a potashi amakonda. Kugwiritsanso ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumatha kubweretsa kuperewera ndi ming'alu ya masamba.
Pofuna kuthandizira chomeracho ndi potaziyamu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni kuti masamba azitha kulimbana ndi matenda.
Beets amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, amakonda chinyezi. Koma kuthira madzi sikuvomerezeka kwa iye, chifukwa kumatha kuyambitsa matenda.
Mutha kuthira supuni ya mchere pachidebe chamadzi mukamathirira. Izi zidzateteza kumatenda ndikuthandizira kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Nthaka pamabedi iyenera kumasulidwa pafupifupi kuyambira pomwe mphukira zimapanga tsamba lachiwiri. Nthawi yomweyo, namsongole amachotsedwa, mbande zimachotsedwa. Mwa njira, beets amaikidwa bwino ndipo mwamsanga amayamba mizu m'munda watsopano.
Kupatulira kwachiwiri kumachitika bwino kumapeto kwa Julayi, kusiya mpaka masentimita khumi pakati pa beets.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Kukolola kwakukulu kumagwera pa chisanu choyamba. Ndikofunika kuti musaphonye mphindi ino, apo ayi mizu yachisanu isasungidwe bwino.
Beets ayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala pansi, ndipo nsonga ziyenera kudulidwa ndi manja anu. Kenako masamba amakhalabe m'mundamo kuti aumitse mabala awo. Njuchi zomwe zimawonongeka ndi matenda zimatayidwa osasungidwa. Mbewu yonseyo imayikidwa m'mabokosi oyera ndikusungidwa kutentha kwa digiri imodzi kapena iwiri ya kutentha.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti beets amasungidwa bwino, nyengo yomwe ikukula yomwe siyidutsa miyezi isanu. Ngati mapulani akukonzekera zokolola kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti mitundu yoyambirira yakucha iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kufesa pakati pa Meyi. Koma kubzala koyambirira, mitundu ya beet ndiyabwino, yomwe idya tsiku lililonse.