Wosamalira munda aliyense amakwiya pamene mbewu zake sizikula ndi kukula momwe ziyenera kukhalira. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, ena wamaluwa amakumana ndi vuto limodzi - adyo amatembenukira chikasu. Pofuna kuteteza kubzala kwanu ku chikasu ndikusunga zokolola zamtsogolo nthawi yachisanu, muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika komanso zoyenera kuchita.
Zima adyo ndi kasupe adyo amathanso kukhala achikasu, monga lamulo, kumayambiriro kumatuluka chikasu kuchokera ku nthenga ndi gawo. Kuti muthandizidwe, muyenera kukonza kapena kudyetsa ndi njira zapadera.
Matenda a adyo ndi zithandizo zachikasu za nthenga ndi masamba
Mavuto akulu ndi masamba azonunkhirawa amagwera m'magulu atatu otakata:
- Chisamaliro chosayenera
- Matenda
- Tizirombo
Matenda akulu a adyo ndi awa:
- Dzimbiri
- Fusarium
- Matenda a Peronosporosis
- Kubola kwa bakiteriya ndi khomo lachiberekero
- Penicillosis
Matenda ndi tizirombo ndi mavuto akulu omwe amafunika kuwapeza munthawi yake ndi njira zomwe zatengedwa kuti zithandizire mbeu. Matenda aliwonse ali ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Dzimbiri komanso momwe ungachitire ndi izo
Matenda ofala kwambiri ku Russia ndi dzimbiri. Vuto lalikulu lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Kunja, matendawa amadziwonetsera motere: kufalikira mawanga ang'onoang'ono a lalanje masamba onse adyo. Mwa mawonekedwe "dzimbiri" amawoneka ngati tating'ono tachikasu tating'onoting'ono ta utoto. Ngati wolima dimba sakuchitapo kanthu munthawi yake, chomeracho pang'onopang'ono chimasintha ndikuda ndikufa.
Ndi chilengedwe chake, dzimbiri ndilo matenda a fungal... Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakhalabe pansi kuyambira chaka chatha. Chifukwa chake, ngati njira yodzitetezera, sikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu pamalo omwewo chaka chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mabedi a adyo ayenera kukhala kutali ndi mabedi a anyezi.
Ngati masamba achitsulo apezeka, ayenera kudula nthawi yomweyo... Ngati nthendayi ndi yayikulu, ndiyofunika kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuchiza ndi mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo.
Fusarium - momwe mungamuthandizire kumenya nkhondo
Matenda a fungal. Mwa anthu wamba amatchedwa "zowola".
Matendawa amapezeka m'nthaka komanso ngati mbeu yabwinobwino yabzalidwa. Kukula kwa matenda kumachitika kutentha 13-30 madigiri ndi chinyezi mkulu... Kunja, matendawa amawonekera motere: Masamba adyo amayamba kusanduka achikasu kumapeto kwake, amauma ndikufa... Poterepa, mizu imavunda, kukula kwa mutu kumasiya ndipo chomeracho chimafa.
Monga njira yodzitetezera, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe zinthu zikubzala. Muthanso kuwonjezera mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kuthirira nthaka ndi mankhwala apadera.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito maantifungal, malinga ndi malangizo kapena njira.
Matenda a Peronosporosis
Dzina lotchuka la matendawa ndi downy cinoni... Matendawa ndi achilengedwe ndipo amapezeka m'madera onse a Russia. Peronosporosis makamaka yogwira pa chinyezi mkulu.
Kunja, zizindikiro za matenda zimawoneka focal tsamba kuwonongeka... Nthawi yomweyo, kukula ndi kukulira kwa masamba kumachedwetsa, masamba amasintha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe, mapesi a maluwa amasanduka achikasu.
Pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa m'mabedi anu, muyenera kubzala mbewu zokhazokha, kuwunika chinyezi cha nthaka. Ndi bwino kuyika mabedi ndi zomera pamalo a dzuwa komanso ampweya wabwino m'munda mwanu. Ngati matendawa adakantha adyo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera.
Kubola kwa bakiteriya ndi khomo lachiberekero
Matenda a bakiteriya amakhudza adyo kawirikawiri kuposa matenda a fungal. Chiberekero chowola chimadzikhudza mano... Pofuna kupewa matendawa, muyenera pitani ndiwo zamasamba chaka chilichonse m'malo osiyanasiyana ndikuwunika thanzi la mbewu.
Ndiyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera tizilombo. Tizilombo tikhoza kukulitsa matendawa ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale magwero ake.
Penicillosis
Anthu amati matendawa nkhungu yobiriwira... Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi bowa. Matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri posungira zosayenera. Mitu imawonongeka ndipo imagwa kuchokera mkati.
Zifukwa zomwe adyo amatha kukhala achikasu masika
Nthawi yachilimwe chikasu cha masamba chimasonyeza kupsa kwake. Koma, mchaka kukongola kumawonetsera mavuto.
Pali zifukwa zazikulu zodabwitsazi:
- kutera koyambirira;
- kuzizira;
- nthaka acidic;
- kusowa madzi okwanira;
- tizirombo.
Kubzala koyambirira ndi kuzizira
Zima adyo amatembenukira chikaso nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa chachisanu... Ngati yabzalidwa molawirira kwambiri, adyo wamasika amatha kukhudzidwanso ndi kuzizira. Ziphuphu zazing'ono za adyo zimakutidwa ndi kanema - izi zimawateteza ku hypothermia.
Ngati zovuta za chisanu sizingapewe, ndi bwino kuthirira mbewu zomwe zimapangidwira chitukuko. Mankhwalawa amathandiza masamba kukula bwino mtsogolo.
Nthaka yamchere
Zokometsera zamasamba zimakula bwino ndikukula pansi osalowerera ndale... Nthaka yowopsa kwambiri imayambitsa chikasu cha masamba. Kuphatikiza apo, dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopumira mpweya.
Mutha kuchepetsa acidity ngati mumadyetsa nthaka ndi mandimu. Kukula kwa zowonjezera izi kumawerengedwa kutengera mawonekedwe adziko lapansi.
Kutsirira kokwanira
Zomera zazing'ono, masamba achikasu amatha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi. Mu Meyi - Juni, mapangidwe a masamba amapezeka. Pakadali pano muyenera kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse ndikupanga kuthirira kwakanthawi.
Kuti kuthirira masamba, gwiritsani ntchito madzi okhazikika, omwe amawotha dzuwa.
Tizirombo
Tizilombo tomwe timakonda kuwononga adyo ndi anyezi ndi anyezi ntchentche, nematode, mizu mite, fodya thrips... Amatha kuwononga zosasinthika pakukolola kwamasamba okometserawa.
Pofuna kupewa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, adyo amabzalidwa nthawi iliyonse kumagona osiyanasiyana... Musanabzala, nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa ndi zothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndipo pazizindikiro zoyambirira za kuwonongeka - gwiritsani ntchito zopopera zapadera zomwe zimathamangitsa tizirombo.
Zoyenera kuchita masamba akayamba kukhala achikaso
Pofuna kupewa chikasu cha zomera, ndi bwino kubzala ma clove athanzi m'nthaka yoyera komanso yopanda mankhwala. Ngati kubzala kumachitika nthawi yachilimwe, ndikofunikira kudikirira kuti kutentha kukhale kolimba kuti tisapereke mphukira zazing'onozi ku chisanu. Kusamalira moyenera ndikuzindikira matendawa munthawi yake kudzakuthandizani kupeza zokolola zabwino kwambiri zamasamba oyaka.