Mukamakula tomato m'nyumba zobiriwira ndi malo otentha, muyenera kusankha mitundu yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi chachikulu ndi matenda a fungal. Zofunikira zoterezi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi phwetekere yamtundu wa Sugar Bison. Tilankhula za malongosoledwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake mopitilira.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a njati ya phwetekere
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya wamaluwa oweta. Chikhalidwe chosiyanasiyana chowonjezera kutentha chidalembetsedwa mu 2004. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kosangalatsa komanso malonda ake, phwetekere yatchuka pakati pa eni mabanja wamba munthawi yochepa. Kulima masamba kumatha kuchitika pafupifupi zigawo zonse zadziko, popeza chomeracho chimakhala chowonjezera kutentha. Kummwera kwa dzikolo, alimi odabwitsa asintha kuti alime tomato wamkulu kuthengo.
Njati za shuga ndi chomera chokhazikika chomwe chimakula ndi masiku 90-100. Kutalika kwachikhalidwe kumafika 1.6-1.8 m, komwe kumapereka njira zomangira. Mbali ina ya tomato woyambirira kucha ndi zokolola zambiri, pafupifupi makilogalamu 8-12 amachotsedwa pa 1 m2.
Makhalidwe achidule a mwana wosabadwayo:
- mawonekedwe - opangidwa ndi mtima;
- mtundu - pinki rasipiberi;
- kulemera - 250-350 gr .;
- Cholinga - saladi, kupanga msuzi, ketchups, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Phalaphala la phwetekere ndi lolimba, osalimba. Chifukwa cha mtunduwu, kusungidwa bwino kwa mbewu ndi mayendedwe ake amadziwika.
Ubwino ndi zovuta zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Maonekedwe a phwetekere ya Shuga Bison atha kufupikitsidwa pozidziwitsa zaubwino ndi zovuta zake. Zina mwazinthu zopindulitsa:
- kucha koyambirira (mutatha kukolola, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito bedi lamaluwa kubzala mbewu zina zoyambirira kucha);
- zokolola zonse;
- kukoma kopitilira muyeso, momwe mumakhala kukoma komanso kuwawa pang'ono;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso konsekonse;
- chitetezo champhamvu, chomwe chimadziwika ndikulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mbali yofooka ndi malo ochepa olimapo mbewu (zobisika). Palibe zodandaula zakugulitsa komanso kulawa kwa phwetekere.
Zofunikira pa nthaka yobzala phwetekere
Pofesa mbewu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lokonzekera mwapadera kapena lapadera la tomato. Kusakanikirana kwa dothi kumatha kukonzedwa kokhako pophatikiza magawo atatu a nthaka ya sod, gawo limodzi la peat, gawo limodzi la humus (kompositi). Musanadzaze zotengera, dothi liyenera kutenthedwa mu uvuni kapena kuthiridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate yotsika kwambiri kuti athane ndi chilengedwe.
Mukamabzala tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti m'malo mwake muzisintha nthaka (30 cm) pachaka. Pansi pa pogona, pali zinthu zabwino zomwe zimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha bowa ndi mabakiteriya owopsa. Tizilombo tonse tambiri timadziunjikira pansi, zomwe zimachepetsa zokolola za nyengo yatsopano. Chifukwa chake, m'malo mosanjikiza, kutsanulira yatsopano, yopangidwa ndi nthaka yachonde (mutha kulima), peat, humus. Njirayi imathandizira nthaka, kumawonjezera chonde.
Phwetekere ndi mbewu yomwe imagwira bwino feteleza, chifukwa chake, mchaka, zinthu zakuthupi (humus, kompositi, mullein kapena yankho la manyowa a nkhuku, phulusa la nkhuni) ndi mchere (ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potaziyamu phosphate) zimayambitsidwa m'nthaka. Musanadzalemo mbande, muyenera kuthira mankhwala. Pachifukwa ichi, tsambalo limathiriridwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena sulfate yamkuwa. Muthanso kusamalira nthaka ndi madzi otentha.
Phwetekere imakonda dothi lotayirira, lopangidwa ndi zinthu zazing'ono komanso zazikulu. Izi zimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha mizu ndikulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Sing'anga ayenera kukhala acidic pang'ono kapena ndale.
Kufesa malamulo
Mbewu imabzalidwa masiku 60-65 kusanachitike mbande kusamba wowonjezera kutentha. Iwo amaikidwa m'manda 1.5 masentimita m'nthaka yonyowa, ndikuwaza pamwamba ndi peat. Kutalikirana pakati pa nyembazo ndi masentimita 3-5. Pamwamba pa beseni imakutidwa ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki. Kutentha kwa 22-25 °, mbande zidzawoneka patatha masiku 5-7.
Zipatsozo zikangowonekera pamwamba panthaka, muyenera kuyikanso bokosi pamalo owala bwino ndi kutentha:
- masana - 18-20 °;
- usiku - 14-16 °.
Kuchepetsa madigiri kumathandizira pakukula koyenera kwa mbande. M'chipinda chotentha, ziphukazo zimangouma, ndipo chifukwa chosowa kuwala, zimayambira zimakhala zochepa.
Nthawi zambiri kubzala kumakonzedwa kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi. Munthawi imeneyi, nthawi yamasana siyokwanira masamba wamba, chifukwa chake, nyali ya fulorosenti iyenera kuyikidwa pamwamba pa bokosi lokhala ndi mbande.
Ndikofunika kuthirira mbande pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito botolo la kutsitsi. Poterepa, muyenera kuyesa kuti musatenge madzi pa masamba. Pa siteji yopanga masamba 2-3, kutola mbande kumachitika. Ndikofunika kusamutsa mizuyo pachidebe china chokhala ndi chotupa cha dziko lapansi kuti chisawawononge. Patangotha sabata mutatola, chakudya choyamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kachiwiri, nthaka imadzaza ndi michere sabata imodzi musanabzala mbande. Izi ndizofunikira pakusintha mwachangu chilengedwe chatsopano.
Sabata imodzi musanatumize mbande ku wowonjezera kutentha kapena pabedi lotseguka, muyenera kutenga miphika ya tomato kumlengalenga (kapena mobisa) tsiku lililonse kuti muumitse.
Thirani tomato pamalo otseguka
Mbeu zimasamutsidwira kumtunda nthaka itatha kutentha mpaka 16 °, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku sikugwera pansi pa 10 ° C. Mulimonsemo, pamaso pa Meyi 10 (pakati pakanjira) izi siziyenera kuchitika, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa chisanu usiku. Poyamba, bedi limatha kuphimbidwa ndi kanema wotetezera ukonde.
Tomato amabzalidwa molingana ndi chiwembu:
- Pakati pa mizere pakati pa mbande ndi 40-45 cm;
- Mtunda pakati pa mizereyo ndi 50-60 cm.
Kuzama kwa dzenje ndi masentimita 25. Musanadzalemo mbande, peat ndi phulusa la nkhuni zimatsanulidwira m'mabowo (1 galasi lililonse).
Mukamabzala phwetekere mu wowonjezera kutentha, zinthu zomwezo zimawonedwa, koma nthawi yosamutsa mbande imatsimikizika mosiyana... Muyenera kuganizira za kutentha kwa nthaka. Chizindikirocho sichiyenera kutsika pansi pa 15 °, apo ayi mizu siyimakula bwino, zomwe zingachedwetse nthawi yokolola. Muyeneranso kupewa madontho akulu otentha, omwe amapezeka mu Marichi - Epulo, pomwe chizindikiritso masana chimafika 30 ° ndi pamwambapa, ndipo nthawi yamadzulo imagwera mpaka 12-14 °.
Kusamalira mosiyanasiyana mutabzala
Kuthirira
Kuthirira mutabzala kumachitika masiku 3-5. Pothirira, madzi otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka mvula kapena kusungunuka. Mwa njira zothirira, kukapanda kuleka komanso mobisa ndizoyenera. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kukonkha, chinyezi cha mpweya chimawonjezeka, chomwe chingayambitse kukula kwa bowa.
Kupalira ndi kumasula
Njati ya shuga imachita bwino kumasula nthaka, chifukwa chake, mukatha kuthirira, muyenera kusungunula gawo lakumtunda lakuya masentimita 5-7. Mukamasula, dothi liziwotha bwino, lomwe limathandizira kukula kwa mphukira. Nthawi yomweyo, kupalira kumachitika, komwe kumayambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi fungal, komanso kumathandizira kukulitsa chinyezi chamlengalenga. Mutabzala mbande, kumasula kuyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi mu masiku 7-10.
Chitsamba chikangopangidwa, kuchuluka kwa njirazi kumachepetsedwa kuti musavulaze chomera popanga maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira.
Kuphatikiza
Mukamalima nthaka, bedi lam'munda liyenera kukonzedwa. Mulch wokhala ndi wosanjikiza osachepera 4-5 cm amasunga chinyezi mkati mwanthaka, zomwe zimachepetsa kuthirira. Palinso kuchepa kwa kukula kwa namsongole. Udzu wouma, peat kapena mulch wokumba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pansi.
Zovala zapamwamba
Pa nyengo yokula, phwetekere imafunikira feteleza wowonjezera 2-3. Yoyamba imachitika pakatha milungu iwiri mutabzala mbandezo pabedi lachiwiri, lachiwiri - lisanatuluke maluwa, lachitatu - panthawi yopanga thumba losunga mazira ambiri. Feteleza organic ndi mchere ntchito ngati chakudya.
Kupanga kwa Bush, kutsina
Chitsambacho ndi chachitali, chifukwa chake chimafunikira kupanga. Nthawi zambiri njira ya 2-stem imasankhidwa. Kudyetsa msipu ndi kukwera kumapatsa zokolola. Mukafika kutalika kwa mmera wa 30 cm, garter imachitika pa trellis kapena mtundu wina wothandizira.
Zolakwitsa zosamalidwa
Zina mwazolakwika zomwe omwe amalima amasamalira posamalira tomato ndi izi:
- kubzala mbande zambiri (kuchuluka kwa mbande za mtundu wa Shuga ndi mbewu 3-4 pa 1 m2);
- kuthirira kwambiri kapena pafupipafupi (kumayambitsa kukula kwa bowa);
- kusamutsa mbande ku nthaka yozizira (kukula kwa mphukira kumaletsedwa);
- kudyetsa phwetekere (thumba losunga mazira limatha kutha ndi michere yambiri ndipo masamba amasanduka achikasu).
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Phwetekere ndi yolimbana kwambiri ndi mvula, yomwe imachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda a fungal. Koma tizirombo ndi matenda zimatha kubweretsa mavuto ngakhale chomera cholimba.
Mdani wamkulu wa phwetekere ndi whitefly wowonjezera kutentha... Pansi pa pogona, zinthu zabwino zimapangidwa kuti ziberekane komanso kudyetsa tizilombo. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, kuwonongeka kwa mbewu kumakhala kosatheka. Ngati majeremusi amapezeka, chithandizo ndi Confidor chikuyenera kuchitidwa.
Ngati phwetekere yakula panja, ma thrips ndi nightshade miners amathanso kuwukira dimba. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa tizirombo tomwe tikufalitsa mwachangu mothandizidwa ndi Njati.
Mukamachepetsa mankhwala, muyenera kutsatira miyezo yoyenera kuti musawononge chomeracho ndi thanzi la anthu.
Mwa matenda omwe alipo, zipatso zowola zofiirira zimawopseza Njuchi Ya shuga... Ngati pali vuto, tomato wokhudzidwayo ayenera kuchotsedwa m'tchire ndikuwataya powotcha kuti apeze mliriwo. Ndikofunikanso kusintha umuna (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni), ndi boma lothirira (kuchepetsa chinyezi cha nthaka). Chimodzi mwazifukwa zakukula kwa bulauni zowola ndikosakwanira kuyatsa, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuwunika kwamphamvu mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yamasana. Ngati zomwe zatchulidwazi sizinapereke zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kuchiza ndi imodzi mwa mankhwalawa: Hom, Oxis, Barrier, Zaslon, ndi zina zambiri.
Koyamba, ukadaulo waulimi sawonedwa ngati wovuta. Komabe, wamaluwa omwe akhala akulima ndiwo zamasamba m'malo obiriwira kwa nthawi yopitilira chaka chimodzi atha kupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri kuti athe kupeza zipatso zazikulu, komanso zofunikira kwambiri za Sugar Bison.