Mankhwala a dzungu ali ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri yomwe imathandiza kuti ziwalo zaumunthu zizigwira ntchito bwino. Izi zikufotokozera kutchuka kwakukula kwamasamba m'minda ya m'munda. Chikhalidwe Amasangalala ndi alimi olima m'mafakitale... M'mbuyomu, tikambirana za kubzala mbewu za dzungu ndi mbande pamalo otseguka komanso chisamaliro china.
Migwirizano yobzala maungu ku Belarus, Ukraine, dera la Leningrad ndi madera ena
Mbewu imabzalidwa nthaka itatha kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwapakati pa tsiku sikumatsika + 10 ° C. Ngati, mukamabzala mchaka, kutentha kumakhala pansi + 13 ° C, ndiye kuti kameredwe kamachedwetsa, zomwe zimawopseza mbewu zowola. Pakati panjira, masiku abwino obzala mbewu agwera mzaka khumi zapitazi za Meyi. Malinga ndi miyambo yakale, tsiku lofesa limagwirizana ndi tchuthi cha tchalitchi - Tsiku la St. George, koma simuyenera kudalira tsiku lodziwika bwino osaganizira nyengo.
M'madera akumwera, komanso ku Belarus, Ukraine, Donbass, komwe nyengo ikuloleza, dzungu lingabzalidwe kumapeto kwa Epulo. Malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi, nthawi imeneyi imagwirizana ndi mwezi womwe ukukula, womwe ndiwothandiza pakukula kwamitengo yazipatso.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri
Kudera la Moscow
Choyamba
Mbewu yolimba kwambiri yozizira yayitali komanso kulawa zipatso zokoma zomwe zapachika okhwima mpaka 6 kg. Chikhalidwe ndichodzichepetsera mtundu wa nthaka, chonde chake.
Dachnaya
Chikhalidwe chodzala msanga (masiku 75-85). Zomera zimadziwika ndi kukoma kokoma ndi malingaliro a vanila. Dzungu lakucha limalemera makilogalamu 3-4. Kutalika kwa kusunga zipatso kumapitilira miyezi inayi.
Kwa Urals
Mkazi waku Russia
Chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda am'munda ndi chisanu. Zamkatazo ndi zowutsa mudyo komanso shuga, zomwe akatswiri a zophikira amayamikira. Unyinji wa dzungu la Russia upitilira 2.7 kg. Nthawi yakucha ya mbewu ndi masiku 110-130. Zipatso zakupsa ndi lalanje.
Ngale ya nutmeg
Sikwashi wa butternut amakolola m'masiku 100 kulemera kwa maungu pafupifupi 5-7 kg. Kukomako kumakhala kodzaza ndi cholembera cha nutmeg. Chomeracho sichitha kuzizira, chimalekerera chilala ndi mvula yambiri, chimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya Siberia
Freckle
Bzalani ndi masiku a zomera. Zamkati ndi zokoma kwambiri komanso zotsekemera, zimakonda ngati vwende. Ngakhale pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha imasungunuka mawonekedwe okoma. Kulemera kwa dzungu sikupitirira 3 kg.
Kumwetulira
Shrub zosiyanasiyana. Chikhalidwe chimapirira mosavuta kutentha kwambiri ndikulimbana ndi chisanu, kumawonetsa kukana malo achinyezi. Mitunduyo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso nthawi yayitali (kufikira nyengo yotsatira). Kutalika kwa nyengo yokula ndi masiku 90-110, zipatso kulemera - 2.1-3 makilogalamu.
Yongani kubzala pamalo otseguka
Chinsinsi cha zokolola ndikubzala kolondola, komwe kumaphatikizapo kukonzekera mbewu ndi nthaka, komanso njira yobzala mbewu mdzenje.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu: yang'anani kumera ndi kumera
Mbewu iyenera kuyang'aniridwa koyamba kuti imere ndi kusanjidwa, kusiya zitsanzo zabwino zokha. Kutatsala masiku atatu kuyamba kufesa, mbewuzo ziyenera kumera mu gauze wonyowa kapena utuchi. Kuti mufulumizitse kumera kwa mbewu kunyumba, zimayikidwa mu yankho la sodium kapena potaziyamu humate kwa masiku awiri. Chidebechi chiyenera kusungidwa mchipinda nthawi yonseyi, momwe kutentha kumakhala 20 ° C.
Nthaka
Nthaka iyenera kukonzekera musanadzalemo. Kuti achite izi, amafukula, amathira feteleza: potashi, phosphorous, kompositi kapena manyowa. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito zovuta, zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zidebe ziwiri za humus, ½ zidebe za utuchi, 1 kg ya phulusa, 1 galasi la nitrophoska imayambitsidwa pa 1 m2.
Kukula kwa nthaka kukuyenera kukhala osachepera masentimita 35-50. Kuti muwononge mankhwala m'deralo, m'pofunika kutsanulira madzi otentha.
Kudzala dzungu mdziko muno? Malo okwera amafika dzuwa, mpweya wokwanira. Zotsogola monga mbatata, mpendadzuwa, mavwende, ndi chivwende sizigwira ntchito. Koma pambuyo pa nyemba, tomato ndi beets, chomeracho chimamva bwino. Tsamba lomweli siliyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito; kutsika kuyenera kukhala zaka 4-5.
Kudzala mbewu ndi mmera mdziko muno
Mtunda wapakati pa mabowo uyenera kukhala osachepera 60 cm, chifukwa chotupa chomeracho chikukula ndikufalikira pamalo akulu. Mukazindikira chiwembucho, ndibwino kutsogozedwa ndi mawonekedwe azosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi:
- kuzama kozama mbewu - 8-10 masentimita (panthaka yopepuka), 5-6 masentimita (pamiyendo) ndi mbali yakuthwa pansi;
- mpata pakati mabowo mu mzere - 60-80 cm;
- mtunda pakati pa mizere - 1 m.
Pofalitsa zikwapu, chiwembuchi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito: 1x1.5 m. Pofuna kuteteza kubzala kuchokera kuchisanu chisanu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba kama pabedi.
Olima wamaluwa odziwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito kalendala ya mwezi pokonzekera kubzala m'munda. Madeti omwe awonetsedwa amakhudza kufulumira kwa kukula kwa mbewu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala dzungu pamwezi womwe ukukula:
- mu March yambani kubzala mbewu za mbande (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 manambala);
- mu Epulo kufesa nkololedwa poyera (17-22, 24-29);
- mu Meyi (Manambala 16 - 21, 23 - 28).
Kuphatikiza pa mbewu 3-4, feteleza wamtundu uliwonse amalowetsedwa mu dzenje lililonse: manyowa, humus kapena peat. Pofuna kutenthetsa, gwiritsani madzi ofunda (2 malita pa phando)
M'dera la Leningrad, dera la Moscow, ku Urals, ku Siberia, dzungu limakula m'mizere. Ukadaulo wobzala mbewu zazing'ono pansi sikusiyana ndi kubzala mbewu.
Koma zoyenera kuchita ngati mbande za maungu ndizolimba kwambiri?Pakakhala ntchito yochulukirapo ya mmera, tsinde likakhala lowonda komanso lalitali mosafunikira, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikubzala mbeuyo mumiphika yayikulu, ndikupatsa malo oyenera.
Kukula kunyumba ndikusamaliranso
Kunyumba, maungu amatha kulimidwa pafupifupi panthaka iliyonse. Chikhalidwe chimasonyeza kulolerana ndi nyengo yoipa, ngakhale itayamba kumera. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe sichiyenera kusamalidwa.
Ndi mbewu zingati zomwe zimamera?
Nthawi yambewu yamera imangotengera kutentha. Ngati chizindikiritso chausiku sichingagwere pansi pa 12-14 °, mbewu zimayamba kuphuka patangotha sabata. Ngakhale nyengo itakhala yozizira patatha mwezi umodzi, masamba 2-3 akukhala kale pamphukira.
Kubzala kubzala mbewu muzolimbikitsa kukula kumathandizira kufulumira kumera. Kuphatikiza pa zopangidwa mwapadera, madzi a aloe, kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni, madzi a mbatata, njira yothetsera uchi.
Malamulo othirira
Dzungu limafunikira kuthirira, koma pang'ono. Chinyezi chowonjezera chimapangitsa kukoka kwa mbande. Ndi bwino kuthirira nthaka mutamasula ndi kupalira. Chikhalidwe chimalekerera chilala bwino, koma momwe madzi ozizira amachokera pamzere waukulu akhoza kukhala olakwika. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi omwe adakhazikika pachitsime.
Zovala zapamwamba
Chomeracho chimakonda kudya. Pakatha sabata limodzi kumera mbande, chakudya choyamba chothandizira chimayambitsidwa. Chomeracho chimapeza chakudya choyenera kuchokera ku mayankho a mullein. Nitrophoska amaonedwa kuti ndi yothandiza kwambiri (magalamu 15 pa chidebe chamadzi). Amatha kudyetsa pambuyo pake kwa masiku 10-14.
Mapangidwe olondola a mmera amafotokozedwa pamtengo wotsika koma wolimba, wofupikira, kupezeka kwa masamba atatu patatha mwezi umodzi.
Kupanga maungu
Masamba 2-3 atangowonekera pa mbande, muyenera kuchepa pabedi. Mukamakula dzungu lobala zipatso zazikulu, mphukira imodzi yokha imatsalira, nutmeg ndi khungwa lolimba - mbande ziwiri iliyonse.
Lash ikukula iyeneranso kupangidwa pochotsa mazira ochulukirapo ndi mphukira zammbali. Izi zimachitika m'njira ziwiri: mu tsinde limodzi komanso mwawiri. Pachiyambi choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya mazira 2-3 okha, omwe pali masamba 3-4. Mu njira yachiwiri, zipatso ziwiri zimatsalira pa tsinde lalikulu, ndipo imodzi pambali mphukira. Popanda njira yotere, zipatsozo zimakhala zazing'ono osati zokoma kwambiri.
Tizirombo ndi kupewa
Dzungu limaonedwa ngati chomera chodzichepetsa, komabe, chikhalidwechi chikuwopsezedwanso ndi tizirombo. Kuchepetsa zokolola, ndipo nthawi zina kuwononga mphukira zazing'ono kumatha:
- ziphuphu;
- vwende nsabwe.
Zizindikiro zowononga tizirombo zikapezeka, kukonzekera kwapadera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito (Actellik, Fufanon, Citkor, etc.). Zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe ndizotetezeka. Mwachangu, nthawi zina njira zowerengeka sizotsika, zomwe zimayenera kusamalidwa:
- decoctions ndi infusions kuchokera chamomile mankhwala;
- infusions wa mbatata ndi nsonga za phwetekere;
- decoctions wa chowawa ndi zitsamba zina zonunkhira;
- phulusa la nkhuni;
- fumbi fodya;
- laimu, etc.
Njira zogwirira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera mbewu, ndipo ufa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pofumbi. Njirazo zimabwerezedwa kawiri kawiri pakadutsa masiku 7-10.
Pofuna kuchitapo kanthu pothana ndi tizirombo, ndikofunikira kuti likhale lamulo loyendera mabedi pafupipafupi 1 masiku atatu alionse. Kenako mutha kuthana ndi vuto ndikusunga zokolola.
Kukolola
Mutha kudziwa kukula kwa dzungu ndi izi:
- peduncle amakhala okhwima, Pamwamba pamapangidwe, matabwa ake amapezeka nthawi imodzi ndi tsinde loperekera chakudya;
- masamba pa chikwapu auma, sintha mtundu kukhala wachikasu;
- zirizonse zapachiyambi mtundu wa khungu, itatha kucha, imanyezimiritsa mawonekedwe ake;
- ngati mutayendetsa chala chanu pamwamba pake, palibe komwe kumapangidwa;
- mukakanikiza zala zanu pa mwana wosabadwayo, kumverera molimba;
- mankhwala opsa aphimbidwa matte pachimake;
- zomveka mukamenyedwa kugogoda;
- pokolola peduncle ndiyosavuta kuchotsa.
Kuonetsetsa kuti mbewuyo ili ndi nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuzula zipatso mosamala, kuti zisawononge mphesa. Zikwangwani ziyenera kusindikizidwa ndi pulasitala wa bactericidal kuti ma microbes asalowe m'masamba.
Zipatso zomwe zimachotsedwa m'mundazo zimayikidwa m'chipinda chowuma, momwe zimapsa kwa mwezi umodzi.
Chitsimikizo chachikulu chakukolola bwino ndi Kusankha bwino mbewu ndi chisamaliro cha panthawi yake. Dzungu lokula lokha limasiyanitsa menyu a mabanja, limalimbikitsa thupi ndi michere.