Kufalitsa kwa mabulosi abulu ndi njira yabwino yothandizira mabulosi am'munda kapena kukonzanso mbewu yokalamba. Momwemo Ndikofunikira osati kungowonjezera tchire, komanso kusunga zikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri zamtundu... Izi ndizotheka kokha ndi kuberekanso kwamasamba, komwe kumayenera kuchitika moyenera komanso munthawi yake.
Njira zoberekera zamaluwa abuluu ndi nthawi
Njira zoberekera mabulosi amagawika m'magulu awiri akulu. Ndizogonana, zomwe zimachitika ndi mbeu ndi zamasamba - ndi mbali zina za chomeracho. Kufalitsa mbewu kunyumba - ntchito yolemetsa, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukana zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusankha mbande zabwino. Izi zitha kutenga zaka zingapo. Chifukwa chake, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pongogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano.
Njira zoberekera (asexual) zoberekera amakulolani kuti muzisunga mitundu yamitundu yabuluu. Njira iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake, chifukwa chake wamaluwa amasankha njira yoyenera kwambiri pamlandu uliwonse.
Kubalana kwa maluwa ablueberries ndi cuttings Zimachitika chifukwa cha kusinthika, pomwe mizu yatsopano imapangidwa kuchokera kumatumba. Kukula kwa mphukira kumachitika kuchokera kumasamba omwe amapezeka.
Posankha njira yobiriwira yobiriwira, chidwi chimaperekedwa kwa msinkhu wa mphukira za mabulosi abulu. Mphukira ikayamba kukhala yopanda tanthauzo, njira zamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kusungira madzi kwaminyewa kumachepa, zomwe ndizofunikira pakupanga mizu yatsopano. Kotero, kubzala kuchokera ku mphukira zobiriwira kumakula mofulumira, kumapereka gawo lalikulu la kupulumuka kwa chomera mutakhazikika.
Mbande zochokera kumadera ena a mabulosi abulu amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Cuttings kuchokera ku mphukira za coppice ali ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri lopangira mizu... Mizu ya mphukira ya coppice imapangidwa kuchokera ku masamba obwera, omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kamene kamathandizira, komwe kumathandizira kupangika kwa maselo atsopano. Izi zimawonjezera mapangidwe a mizu nthawi 3-4 poyerekeza ndi cuttings yotengedwa kuchokera kudera la fruiting. Zodzala zimakololedwa kumapeto kwa Juni, koyambirira kwa Julayi.
Blueberries ikhozanso kufalikira ndi lignified cuttings... Kubzala zinthu pansi pazotheka kungasungidwe kwakanthawi. Chifukwa chake, ma lignified cuttings nthawi zambiri amakololedwa kunyamula mtunda wautali kapena kubzala nyengo yotsatira.
Palibe nthawi yeniyeni yotsimikizira zotsatira zabwino zodulira cuttings. Malingaliro a akatswiri ambiri agronom agawanika panthawiyi. Chofunikira kwambiri pakupeza zinthu zabwino kwambiri zobzala ndi mphukira yathanzi komanso masamba osagona. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kukolola cuttings koyambirira kwa nyengo yozizira, ndipo kumadera ena ndikololedwa kuyambira Disembala mpaka masiku khumi oyamba a Marichi.
Mbande za buluu zimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings... Chofunika cha njirayi ndi kuchotsa tsinde popanda kulilekanitsa ndi chomera cha mayi. Iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zachilengedwe zofalitsa mbewu, ukadaulo womwe ungapezeke kwa aliyense wamaluwa. Kuipa kwakuberekaku ndikutalika kwa njirayi. Kudula mizu kumatha zaka 2-3... Nthawi yabwino njirayi ndi nthawi yakukula kwamabuluu, chifukwa imayamba kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka Seputembara.
Mabulosi abuluu ndi amodzi mwazomera zovuta kwambiri mabulosi kubzala. Izi ndichifukwa chamtundu wazomera - kupanga mizu yochepa. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimasiyanitsidwa ndi njira zofalitsa ndi cuttings.
Wofalitsa ndi cuttings
Njira zokolola, kuzika mizu ya zobiriwira zobiriwira zimasiyana ndikufanana.... Mosasamala kanthu za kubzala, wolima dimba amayenera kuchita izi mosokoneza pang'ono zikhalidwe za mbewuyo.
Kukolola cuttings wobiriwira
Ndi njira yoberekera iyi, kutsatira nthawi yoyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Iyi ndi nthawi kuyambira pa Juni 20 mpaka Julayi 10.
Cuttings ochokera ku mphukira zosakwanira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto louma, amakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi mafangasi a fungal. Masamba a cuttings oterewa sanakule bwino ndipo sangathe kupereka tsinde ndi michere yokwanira. Ndikakolola kwakanthawi kwa cuttings, michere imalowa m'malo okula, zomwe zimabweretsa kutayika, zimakhudza mapangidwe a mizu.
Mphukira zokonzeka kumtengowo zimakhala ndi masamba oyenda bwino, osasweka ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Pocheka cuttings, mphukira zamphamvu zoyamba ndi zapamwamba za nthambi ndi kutalika kwa 6-12 cm zimasankhidwa... Zathyoledwa ndi dzanja ndi chidutswa cha nkhuni ndi khungwa kuchokera pakukula kwa chaka chatha (chidendene).
Kukonzekera kudula:
- kukonza kwa gawo lotsika la kudula (kuchotsa makungwa ofufutidwa);
- kuchotsa masamba 2-3 m'munsi (1/3 kutalika);
- kudula masamba otsalawo ndi 1/3;
- chithandizo cha cuttings ndikukula kolimbikitsa
The cuttings obzalidwa pa okonzeka lokwera pa wowonjezera kutentha zinthu.
Kukolola lignified cuttings
Pakukolola mdulidwe, mphukira za chaka chatha zomwe zapsa kwathunthu komanso zosawonongeka ndi chisanu zimasankhidwa mapangidwe kapena kusintha kwa m'mimba mwake masentimita 0,5-1.2.Madulidwe a muzu wokulirapo alibe bwino, ndipo ang'onoang'ono amapereka zomera zosalimba. Mphukira zokhala ndi maluwa ambiri sizoyenera kuberekana, ndipo kuchotsedwa kwawo sikuperekanso zotsatira zabwino.
Nthambi zomwe zimadulidwa m'nyengo yozizira zimasungidwa m'mabokosi odzaza peat kapena utuchi ndi mipata ya aeration. Mabokosiwo amaikidwa m'chipinda chamdima, chopumira mpweya wabwino kutentha kwa mpweya kwa 0 ° С- + 5 ° С... Cuttings amadulidwa kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena Epulo. Mbali zakumunsi za nthambi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera kwabwino kwambiri kopanga mizu.
Kudula cuttings kumachitika ndi mdulidwe wakuthwa, kupewa kupewa kukhomerera ndikuwononga khungwa.
Magawo Slicing:
- kusamalira kutalika 10-12 cm;
- kudula kumunsi kumapangidwa pansi pa impso ndi kutsetsereka pang'ono;
- chapamwamba kudula 0,5 cm-1 cm pamwamba pa impso;
- phesi limathandizidwa ndi zopatsa mphamvu.
Ngati mulibe zochepa zobzala, ndizololedwa kudula cuttings zazing'ono, koma ndi masamba osachepera atatu.
Kuyika mizu ya cuttings, kubzala ndi chisamaliro
Mitengo yobiriwira yobiriwira ndi yobiriwira imazika mizere kapena mabokosi, ndikupangitsa kuti azitentha. Malo ozika mizu akhoza kukhala amtundu uliwonse wosavuta, koma ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 15-20... Chombocho chimayikidwa pamtunda wosanjikiza, dothi lokulitsa kapena mchenga wowuma. Monga chipinda, mutha kusankha wowonjezera kutentha kapena kukonzekeretsani mafelemu ochotseka ndi galasi (polyethylene) pamtunda.
Gawo lokhazikika kwambiri pakukula kwa cuttings ndi chisakanizo cha peor-peor ndi mchenga wamtsinje (1: 1). Tsiku lina musanadzale cuttings, gawo lapansi limasungunulidwa ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda. Mtunda wokonzedwawo umakutidwa ndi zokutira pulasitiki kuti mudzaze peat ndi madzi.
Mitengo yodulidwa imabzalidwa molingana ndi chiwembu cha 5x3, ndipo zobiriwira molingana ndi chiwembu cha 5x5, ndikusiya masamba 1-2 pamwamba pa gawo lapansi... Nthawi yonse yozimitsa mizu imasungidwa kutentha + 20 ° С- + 25 ° С ndi chinyezi chowala cha gawo lapansi.
Mizu ya cuttings imayamba kupanga pakatha milungu inayi. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewu zimayamba kuzolowera pang'onopang'ono mpweya wowuma, nthawi ndi nthawi kuchotsa kanema ndi galasi. Pakatha miyezi 2-3 mutabzala, magalasi kapena malo ogwiritsira ntchito kanema amachotsedwa kwathunthu ndikupatsidwa ammonium sulphate (10 g / m2).
Zomera zazing'ono zimatsalira nyengo yachisanu pamalo ozika mizu. Kuti achite izi, amadzaza ndi peat, utuchi kapena masamba omwe agwa. M'chaka, mutatha kutentha nthaka, amaikidwa m'malo okhazikika.
Ngakhale pakukolola koyenera kwa mdulidwe ndikupereka zofunikira, mitengo yolimbitsira ma blueberries imasungidwa kwambiri 25-25%. Zizindikirozi zitha kuchulukitsidwa ndi nthawi 2-3 mothandizidwa ndi chisamaliro chapadera - chithandizo cha cuttings kwa maola 12-24 ndi wowongolera kukula - yankho lamadzimadzi la indole-butyric acid (50 g / 1 l).
Kubereka mwa kuyala
Komanso, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ma blueberries amatha kufalitsa ndikukhazikitsa. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa tchire tating'onoting'ono tomwe zimakhala ndi mphukira zochepa zofalitsa kapena mitundu yomwe imakhazikika bwino pakufalitsa.
Pambuyo pake, thunthu lozungulira pansi pa chomeracho limamasulidwa. Nyamula mphukira zamphamvu komanso zathanzi. Mosiyana ndi nthambi zomwe zasankhidwa pansi pa chitsamba, mzere umapangidwa ndikuya masentimita 6-8 ndi kutalika kofanana ndi kutalika kwa mphukira... Fukani ndi madzi.
Kukula kwa nthambi zapachaka kumafupikitsidwa ndi 1/5 ndikuyika mzere. Gawo lirilonse la nthambi yomwe ili ndi masamba awiri otukuka imayikidwa m'nthaka ndi zingwe zama waya. Mzerewo wokutidwa ndi utuchi.
Mphukira zowonekera zikafika kutalika kwa masentimita 8-10, zimayenera kulumikizidwa mpaka theka la kutalika... Pachifukwa ichi, chisakanizo cha peat ndi utuchi (1: 1) umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi imabwerezedwa kawiri kawiri pomwe mphukira zimakula. M'nyengo yonse yotentha, dothi limakhalabe lonyowa komanso lotayirira. Mphukira zomwe zakula mchaka chino zipanga mizu yathunthu zaka 2-3, kenako zimaponyedwa m'malo okhazikika.
Mabulosi abuluu ndi mbewu yatsopano muulimi wamaluwa waku Russia, njira zaulimi zomwe sizimadziwika bwino ndi wamaluwa. Zinsinsi zakulima bwino zimadalira mitundu yosankhidwa yoyenera yomwe imasinthika mikhalidwe yovutayi.... Mukabzala mitundu yoyenera m'derali, ndizotheka kukhala ndi minda yamabuluu kunyumba kwa zaka zambiri, ndikuzifalitsa mopanda phindu.