Nyama ya nkhuku imakhala yotchuka nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake, ndi njira zomveka zosankhira nkhuku, kuswana ma broiler kungakhale ntchito yopindulitsa. Ma broiler a Cobb 500 ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chakukula mwachangu pamtengo wotsika, mtandawu ndiwodziwika kwambiri ku Russia komanso akunja.
Munkhaniyi tikambirana za mafotokozedwe a nkhuku zokwawa za Cobb 500, mawonekedwe awo, tiphunzira momwe tingalimbanirane ndi matenda amtanda wa 500. Mwazina, tiphunzira ma nuances olera nkhuku zokwawa za Cobb 500 kunyumba.
Kufotokozera kwamtundu wa broiler Cobb 500
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mawonekedwe a nkhuku za Cobb 500. Zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina ndi mtundu wake wachikaso wachikaso, womwe umafunika pakati pa ogula. Mbalameyi ndi yodzichepetsa, safuna chisamaliro chapadera kapena chakudya chamtengo wapatali, nthawi yomweyo, kupha kumatha kuchitika mwezi ndi theka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kubzala nyama zizikhala bizinesi yopindulitsa kwambiri.
Nkhuku zouluka pamtengo 500 zimasiyanitsidwa ndi malamulo awo akulu, zikulu zazikulu zolimba. Nthengawo ndi oyera ngati chipale. Chisa choyera ndi ndolo ndi zofiira kwambiri. Mutu umamalizidwa ndi mulomo waukulu.
Cobb broiler chick temperament 500
Chifukwa choti kukonza ma broiler cholinga chake ndikupeza nyama yochulukirapo, sikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa Cobb 500 m'nyumba yankhuku yanthawi zonse ndikuyenda. Mkhalidwe wabwino wokolola kwambiri uzikhala kukonza panja osayenda, kapena kukhala m'khola. Mbalameyi ikasungidwa m'matangadza, kuyenda kwa mbalame kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake kulemera kwake kumawonjezeka.
Ndiwosokonekera kwenikweni, osati aukali, komabe, ngati atasungidwa molakwika, achinyamata ena amatha kudwala anzawo. Chifukwa cha izi chikhoza kukhala chowala chowala kwambiri, kapena chakudya chosakwanira mokwanira. Potengera izi, anapiye amatha kukankhira anthu amtundu wofooka mpaka kufa.
Cross Cobb 500 imatha kusungidwa pafamu yaying'ono komanso m'minda yayikulu ya nkhuku. Mukamaberekera nkhuku m'munda wocheperako, muyenera kukumbukira kuti anapiye amafunika kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuwala m'masiku oyamba amoyo. Kuti muchepetse kunenepa, nkhuku zimafunika kujompha pafupipafupi, zomwe sizingatheke mumdima, kotero masiku 14 oyamba ayenera kuunikidwa usana ndi usiku.
Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, "maola a usana" amachepetsedwa kukhala maola 18. Kutentha kwa nyumba kuyenera kukhala pakati pa madigiri 27-32. Chipindacho chiyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, koma chopanda ma drafti omwe ndi owopsa kwa anapiye. Makamaka kuyenera kuperekedwa ku ukhondo wa malo popewa kuchuluka kwa nkhuku, chifukwa chake, isanakhazikike mu gulu latsopano la nkhuku, kuyeretsa kwathunthu nyumba yankhuku kuyenera kuchitika poyeretsa makoma ndi denga ndi mandimu, kusintha zinyalala ndikutsuka bwino odyetsa ndi omwera.
Makhalidwe olemera a mtanda
Chimodzi mwazosiyana pamtanda ndi kufanana. Ndiye kuti, ziweto zonse zikafika pamsinkhu wina zimakhala ndi kulemera kofanana. Pamwezi kulemera kwa anapiye kupitirira 2 kg, ndipo mbalame imodzi ndi theka imalemera pafupifupi 2500-2600, ndipo m'masiku 56 kulemera kwa mbalame kumapitilira 3 kg.
Komabe, pofika zaka za 80, kuchuluka kwakukula kumachepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake nthawi yabwino kwambiri yophera nkhuku zamtandawu imasinthasintha masiku pafupifupi 40-60, ngakhale kuphedwa kwa nyama zazing'ono kumatha kuchitidwa pasanathe masiku 30 kuyambira pomwe adabadwa.
Kusunga Cobb 500 ana atakwanitsa miyezi inayi ndizosatheka, chifukwa ndi chakudya chambiri sipangakhale kunenepa kwambiri.
Kupanga mazira a mtunduwo
Mtanda udakonzedwa ndikudutsa miyala ya Cornish ndi Plymouth. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu iwiri yayikuluyi, mitundu ina ya nkhuku zoweta idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Cobb 500. Chotsatira chake, mtanda wotsatirawo umadziwika ndi kulemera kwakukulu kale m'masabata oyamba amoyo, zomwe zimatha kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri pakukonza mbalame.
Nyama yokha imakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa, koyenera kudya zakudya. Kwenikweni, chifukwa chakuweta mozama kuti tipeze mtundu wa nyama, nyama yolusa kwambiri idapangidwa, yomwe, mwina, idzanyamulidwa, monga mbalame iliyonse, koma ndizopanda tanthauzo kuyembekeza kuti dzira lipangidwe kwambiri. Pabwino kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mazira ochokera pansi pa mayi m'modzi kudzakhala kofanana ndi zidutswa 2-3 pa sabata.
Kuswana, mosiyana ndi mitundu ya nkhuku ya nkhuku, ma broilers amayamba mochedwa, osakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Kuswana ndi kukulira ma broiler aku Czech kunyumba
Mwachikhalidwe, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala ma broiler aku Czech Cobb 500.
- Kugulidwa kwa mazira osweka m'minda yayikulu ya nkhuku.
- Kugula nyama zazing'ono tsiku lililonse.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe sizingatheke kuswana nkhuku mwachikhalidwe.
- Monga ma broilers ambiri, Cobb 500 ndi mtanda, mwanjira ina wosakanizidwa chifukwa chosakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Makhalidwe omwe amapezeka posakaniza mitundu sanatengere.
- Chifukwa cha chibadwa cha amayi chochepa, nkhuku zamtunduwu sizingathe kubereka komanso kulera ana.
Zachidziwikire, mitengo yothira mazira idzakhala yotsika, komabe, pogula anapiye omwe abadwa kale, mutha kuwona bwino zisonyezo zamtunduwu, makamaka popeza Cobb 500 yachichepere ili ndi chiwonetsero chokwanira, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazabwino zoberekera mtanda.
Kukula kwa anapiye amtundu uwu ndi 94-97% ya chiwerengerocho, zomwe ndizopindulitsa mosakayikira za nkhuku zamtunduwu.
Zinthu zofunika kuzilingalira mukamabereka anapiye 500 a Cobb.
- Mikhalidwe yomangidwa. Zotsatira zakukweza ma broiler ndikupanga nyama, zofunikira pakusunga zikuyenera kulimbikitsa kunenepa msanga. Pogwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso nyama zazing'ono, zisonyezo zakukula kunenepa zikhala zochepa, zomwe zingachepetse phindu la kuswana nkhuku.
- Zinthu zotentha. Mbalame sizingathe kuyima mopepuka, ma drafts, kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha pang'ono. Ngati anapiye atadzazana pamalo amodzi pafupi ndi ma heaters, izi zikuwonetsa kutentha kokwanira kwa anapiye. Kutentha kwambiri, nkhuku zimayamba kutopa, zimasiya kudya, zimavutika ndi kutentha, motero kutentha kwa mbalame kuyenera kukhala pamadigiri 30, kusinthasintha kovomerezeka ndikuchokera 27 mpaka 33.
- Mawonekedwe opepuka. M'masiku 14 oyamba amoyo, m'pofunika kukonza kuyatsa kozungulira nthawi, pambuyo pake ndizotheka kuchepetsa maola opatsirana.
- Chakudya chabwino. Kukhalapo kwa mavitamini, kufufuza zinthu ndi zina zowonjezera mchere mu chakudya cha anapiye ndizovomerezeka. Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala ndi protein yokwanira.
- Kutsata ukhondo mchipinda, komwe nkhuku za broller zimasungidwa. Ngakhale kuti nkhukuzi sizimatengeka ndi matenda kuposa mitundu ina ya nkhuku, kusasamala ukhondo kumatha kubweretsa matenda mpaka kufa kwa ziweto zambiri.
Podyetsa ana, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito chakudya chokwanira cha PK-5 cha nyama zazing'ono, mutha kukonzekera chakudya kunyumba. Mukamakonza nokha, muyenera kudziwa kuti masamba, zipolopolo zazing'ono, choko ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa muzakudya.
Poyamba, nkhuku zimatha kupatsidwa dzira lowiritsa, kanyumba kanyumba. Chakudya cha masiku oyamba chiyenera kukhala chosavuta kugaya, poganizira zomwe zimachitika mwana akamagaya chakudya. Ndi kuwonjezera kwa chimanga ku zakudya, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndi kuchuluka kwa tirigu mu chakudya, kuchepa kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous kumachepa, komwe kumafuna kukonzanso kwina.
Anapiye ayenera kudyetsedwa kwambiri komanso pafupipafupi. Sabata yoyamba ya moyo, anapiye amapatsidwa chakudya kasanu ndi kawiri mpaka kasanu patsiku, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chapakatikati pa sabata iliyonse, mpaka mbalameyo ikafika mwezi umodzi, pomwe chakudya chitha kuperekedwa kawiri patsiku - m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Matenda owoloka
Ma Cobb 500 ali ndi matenda ochepa komanso amakhala ndi moyo wabwino, koma amathanso kutenga matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amakhudza nkhuku. Nazi zina mwazofala kwambiri zomwe ma broiler amatha kupezeka nazo.
- Dyspepsia. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayamba chifukwa chakudya komwe kwatha kapena kosayenera kwa msinkhu, komwe anapiye sangathe kukumba chifukwa chazakudya zosakwanira bwino komanso kusowa kwa michere yofunikira. Matendawa amakhudza nkhuku koyamba kubadwa. Ndi dyspepsia, poizoni wambiri wa thupi amawoneka, womwe umadzionetsera ngati mawonekedwe amadzimadzi oyera kapena achikasu okhala ndi magawo am'magazi osagayidwa motsutsana ndi kufooka komanso kusowa kwa njala.
- Matenda am'mimba. Zitha kuchitika motsutsana ndi hypothermia. Ikhoza kutsimikizika ndi kuuma kwa kupuma ndi mulomo wotseguka, kupuma popuma, kutambasula khosi. Chithandizo chikuyenera kulembedwa ndi veterinarian, apo ayi kufa kwa mbalame yodwala ndikotheka.
- Matenda a Marek. Kuchuluka kwake kwa ma broiler kumatha kufikira 85%. Zizindikiro zake ndizopunduka, kupindika m'mapiko ndi mchira, kupindika khosi, ndipo nthawi zina kuwonongeka kwathunthu kapena pang'ono. Kuzindikira molondola kumatha kupangidwa ndi veterinarian.
- Avitaminosis. Chifukwa chakukula msanga, kuchepa kwama vitamini mu ma broilers kumamveka bwino kwambiri kuposa nkhuku zomwe sizili ng'ombe. Pofuna kupewa kusowa kwa mavitamini, chakudya cha nkhuku chikuyenera kupitiliranso ndi mavitamini mukamadyetsa nkhuku ndi chakudya chosafunikira, pomwe kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi zinthu zofunika.
- Enteritis. Kutupa kwa mundawo m'mimba. Nkhuku zazing'ono zimatha kugwidwa, mankhwala amachitidwa ndi mankhwala a antibacterial spectrum of action.
- Aspergillosis. Mafangayi matenda amakhudza kupuma thirakiti. Monga lamulo, aspergillosis imachitika pamene zikhalidwe zakusungidwa zikuphwanyidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa bowa.
- Matenda a Salmonellosis. Matenda omwe ndi owopsa osati nkhuku zokha, komanso anthu. Ngati atadwala salmonellosis, odwala amaphedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda a mbalame ndikutsatira miyezo. Asanakhazikitse gulu latsopano la nkhuku, kuyeretsa kwathunthu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kusintha kogona kuyenera kuchitidwa mchipinda, operekera chakudya ndi omwera ayenera kutsukidwa bwino. Mpweya wabwino m'nyumba uyenera kupereka mpweya wabwino. Zakudya ndi madzi nthawi zonse ziyenera kukhala zatsopano kuti zisawononge kukula kwa mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Mwachidule, zabwino zotsatirazi za mtanda wa Cobb 500 zitha kudziwika.
- Kulemera mwachangu munthawi yochepa kwambiri, kulola kuti ma broiler aphedwe masiku 30.
- Mtundu wakuda wachikuda.
- Mtengo wochepa wodyetsa.
- Kupulumuka kwakukulu.
- Oyenera kuswana m'mafamu akuluakulu a nkhuku komanso m'mafamu ang'onoang'ono othandizira.
- Matenda ochepa a nkhuku.
- Kufanana kwa anthu azaka zomwe amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Zoyipa zama broiler amtunduwu zimaphatikizapo kusowa kwa kuthekera koswana mwanjira zachikhalidwe za mbalame komanso kusalolera kuzizira, komwe kumawonjezera mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pakukula kwa madera ena kumadera ozizira kwambiri.
Tebulo la chiŵerengero cha kulemera ndi kudya kwa nkhuku za nyama
Pansipa pali tebulo lomwe likuwonetseratu kuchuluka kwa kulemera ndi chakudya chomwe chimadya nkhuku zouku.
Zaka, masiku | Live kulemera, kg | Chakudya, g / tsiku | Chakudya chakumwa kuyambira pachiyambi cha kudya, g / mutu |
0 | 0,042 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0,052 | 14 | 14 |
2 | 0,066 | 14 | 28 |
3 | 0,082 | 15 | 43 |
4 | 0,100 | 16 | 59 |
5 | 0,120 | 22 | 81 |
6 | 0,142 | 25 | 106 |
7 | 0,166 | 28 | 134 |
8 | 0,193 | 31 | 165 |
9 | 0,223 | 35 | 200 |
10 | 0,256 | 39 | 239 |
11 | 0,293 | 44 | 283 |
12 | 0,334 | 49 | 332 |
13 | 0,379 | 55 | 387 |
14 | 0,427 | 61 | 448 |
15 | 0,478 | 68 | 516 |
16 | 0,532 | 75 | 591 |
17 | 0,589 | 83 | 674 |
18 | 0,649 | 91 | 765 |
19 | 0,712 | 99 | 864 |
20 | 0,778 | 106 | 970 |
21 | 0,846 | 112 | 1082 |
22 | 0,916 | 118 | 1200 |
23 | 0,988 | 123 | 1323 |
24 | 1,062 | 128 | 1451 |
25 | 1,137 | 133 | 1584 |
26 | 1,213 | 137 | 1721 |
27 | 1,290 | 141 | 1862 |
28 | 1,368 | 145 | 2007 |
29 | 1,447 | 149 | 2156 |
30 | 1,527 | 153 | 2309 |
31 | 1,608 | 157 | 2466 |
32 | 1,690 | 160 | 2626 |
33 | 1,773 | 163 | 2789 |
34 | 1,857 | 166 | 2955 |
35 | 1,942 | 169 | 3124 |
36 | 2,027 | 172 | 3296 |
37 | 2,112 | 175 | 3471 |
38 | 2,196 | 177 | 3648 |
39 | 2,279 | 179 | 3827 |
40 | 2,361 | 181 | 4008 |
41 | 2,442 | 182 | 4190 |
42 | 2,522 | 183 | 4373 |
43 | 2,601 | 184 | 4557 |
44 | 2,679 | 185 | 4742 |
45 | 2,756 | 186 | 4928 |
46 | 2,833 | 187 | 5115 |
47 | 2,909 | 188 | 5303 |
48 | 2,984 | 188 | 5491 |
49 | 3,058 | 188 | 5679 |
Ma broober a Cobb 500 atha kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri kumafamu ang'onoang'ono komanso nkhuku zamafakitale chifukwa mbalamezi sizifunikira kudyetsa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti zizilemera bwino, zomwe zimakhala zothandiza potengera kuchuluka kwa phindu.
Ngakhale mdera laling'ono nthawi yachilimwe, mibadwo 2-3 ya Cobb 500 imatha kulimidwa, nyama yomwe ili ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso kuwonetsa kokongola, yosangalala ndi kufunikira kwa ogula.
Anton: Ndi bizinesi yovuta, koma yopindulitsa kwambiri, sindidandaula nthawi yomwe ndawononga (ndipo zimatenga zambiri). Ili munjira yam'manja. Ndinalandira gulu loyamba la nkhuku mothandizidwa ndi chofungatira (Khola). Zinali bwino, chifukwa ndimatsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro ake. Gulu lachiwiri la zidutswa 150 linagulidwa ku famu ya nkhuku itagulitsidwa yoyamba.
Amakula bwino pamasamba osakanikirana, kunenepa kumayendetsedwa ndikulemera 10% ya kuchuluka kwa mbalame. Kulemera kumangowonjezera pang'ono kumbuyo kwachizolowezi.
Anazisonkhanitsa yekha kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe anali nazo, koma malinga ndi kufotokozera m'mabuku apadera. Ndidangogula omwe amamwa okhaokha.
Mwambiri, ndimaliza kudzitama ndikufotokozera mwachidule: ndikofunikira kugwira ntchito, chifukwa simudzangopeza nyama zapamwamba zokha, komanso ndalama zabwino. Tsopano, ndalamula kale gulu loyamba la chaka chino kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February (palibe nthawi yolimbana ndi chofungatira tsopano) ndipo ndiyamba nawo bizinesiyo mosamala.Kostya Ufimtsev: Kukula kwa ma broiler kuti akhale nyama. Ndine wokhutira ndi zotsatira zake: nyama yochuluka kwambiri yokoma. Zokwanira chakudya chanu, komanso zogulitsa. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutsatira malamulo obereketsa ndipo zonse zitha kuyenda bwino. Magazini ya Mbalame