Mpendadzuwa ndi mbewu yofunika kwambiri pakulima mafuta pakampani yamafuta. Silage yakonzedwa kuchokera pachikhalidwe ichi; imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha ng'ombe. Kusasamala za nkhani yoteteza mbewu ku namsongole kumachepetsa kwambiri zokolola, chifukwa chake, zikamera, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito herbicides
Chofunika kwambiri chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera mankhwala atamera mbande za mpendadzuwa
Chofunika cha kulima kwa mpendadzuwa ndikuti poyambira iwo amakula pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi udzu... Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri mukamamera mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mitundu yodzipereka kwambiri.
Pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa udzu wolimidwa ndikofanana ndi mbewu za udzu pafupifupi 3-4 biliyoni pa hekitala.
Namsongole amapikisana ndi mbewu za mbewu potenga chinyezi ndi michere kuchokera kwa iwo. Kukula kwa namsongole kukupambana kwambiri kukula kwa mpendadzuwa pakatentha kotalikirapo.
Kudzaza kwa minda kumachepetsa zokolola za mbeu nthawi yokula, kumayambitsa matenda a fungal ndi matenda.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti ikamatera miyezi 1.5 yoyamba, mbande zisanayambike, analibe namsongole... Tsamba lachisanu likamapangidwa pa mpendadzuwa ndipo mizere yayamba kutseka, namsongole ambiri amakhala otetezeka.
Pofuna kuwononga namsongole, mankhwala apadera adapangidwa - herbicides.
Mitundu ya mankhwala akupha
Pakulima mpendadzuwa kwamasiku ano, amangolembetsa okha, kukonzekera kovomerezeka ndi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, cholinga chothanirana ndi namsongole wambiri. Amayambitsidwa musanafese kapena mutamera.
Mankhwala amagawidwa motere.
Zisanachitike
Mankhwala ntchito munthawi yapakati pofesa ndi kubzala mbewu... Kumera kwa mbewu za mpendadzuwa kumachitika patatha milungu 1.5-2 mutabzala. Kumayambiriro kwa kukula, kuunikira, chinyezi, chakudya cha nthaka ndikofunikira, panthawiyi mulingo wazokolola umayikidwa. Kuchepetsa udzu msanga kudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino.
Lamulo la agrotechnical lakulima mpendadzuwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira za nthaka munthawi yake.
Herbicide isanatuluke imayikidwa panthaka kuvulaza kapena kupanga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho nthawi yobzala kapena kale. The mankhwala linalake ndipo tikulephera kukula kwa namsongole, kuwononga selo kagayidwe.
Mutha kutchula zida zovomerezeka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
- Harnes... Njira zolumikizirana. Amawononga namsongole wapachaka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito isanathe kumera. Kugwiritsa ntchito malita atatu pa hekitala;
- Mpainiya 900... Gawo logwirira ntchito ndi acetochlor. Mphukira zisanatuluke, nthaka imathandizidwa ndi yankho. Imawonongeka mwachangu, ndikukhala ndi nthawi yopereka zotsatira zabwino pakutha kwa chikwama cha abusa, njoka zam'mimba, mapira a nkhuku, munda wa coryza, chamomile;
- Golide Wapawiri, Gezagard 50, Prometrin... Njira Nitran ndi Treflan zimawononga udzu ndi dicotyledonous namsongole, koma sizimakhudza mpiru wam'munda, chingwe chamagalimoto, ragweed. Kukonzekera kumeneku kumagwira ntchito limodzi ndi Gezagard 50. Herbicides amaphatikizidwa ndi nthaka ndi olima.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuopsa kwa mtundu uwu wa herbicide ndikudalira kwa mphamvu ya wothandizirayo pamlingo wachinyontho cha nthaka. Pa nthaka youma, zotsatira zawo zaipiraipira.
Zojambula
Mankhwala otchedwa Postemergence herbicides amatchedwanso chitetezo... Mphamvu zawo zowononga ndikuletsa kaphatikizidwe ka amino zidulo mumsongole.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuwononga phala, dicotyledonous namsongole: nsomba zathyathyathya, mapira a nkhuku, mapira, manyuchi, galinsoga wocheperako, kachilombo kanyama, dope, purslane, broomrape.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe omasulira, wothandizirayo amatha kukhala emulsion yozama kapena mawonekedwe amadzimadzi osungunuka.
Herbicide imapopera mbewu pa mpendadzuwa panthawi yomwe mphukira yakula kwambiri 10 - 12 cm, khalani ndi masamba 3-4. Chidacho chimagwira ntchito mosamala, kuchotsa namsongole, kuteteza kukula kwake.
Njira zotsimikiziridwa zimaganiziridwa Beckard 125 EC, Fuzilad Super, Poast, Furore Super.
Zigawo za mankhwala
Makonda osiyanasiyana opangidwa ndi makampani opanga mankhwala a mpendadzuwa m'nyengo yokula amakhala otakata kwambiri.
Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zikuphatikizidwa pakupanga mosiyanasiyana ndi kufanana:
- Hizalofop-P-ethyl... Amachita mosankha namsongole. Amapereka mphamvu zonse m'masiku 7-12. Kuphatikiza ndikukonzekera kuwononga namsongole wokhala ndi monocotyledonous ndi dicotyledonous. Iyenso amalimbana bwino ndi zitsamba zokhala ndi monocotyledonous.
- Tribenuron-methyl... Amagwira ntchito mosankha, makamaka moyenera ndi udzu wobiriwira, nthangala za poppy, radishes ndi namsongole wosiyanasiyana. Mosavuta kutsukidwa ndi mvula, kuthirira. Sizitsutsana ndi fungicides, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amapeza kugwiritsa ntchito ngati mankhwala omwe amabwera pambuyo pake.
- Metolachlor... Amachita mosankha, poizoni wotsika. Kukonzekera kusanachitike komanso kukonzekera kutuluka motsutsana ndi namsongole wa monocotyledonous, chamomile, purslane, galensoga.
- Quizalofop-P-tefuril... Mankhwalawa amasankha kuyang'anira udzu wapachaka, wosatha, monga tirigu, manyuchi.
- Imazethapyr... Ipezeka mu systemic herbicides. Kusankha kosankha. Amathana ndi broomrape bwino komanso mwachangu.
- Terbutylazine... Poizoni wotsika wa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu. Imagwira ngati mankhwala ophera nthaka. Amamenya ambrosia.
Malamulo agolide aukadaulo waulimi
Zikuwonekeratu kuti muyeso wofunikira wopeza zokolola zazikulu za mpendadzuwa ndi kuthetsa udzu.
Pogwira ntchito bwino ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Kuti muphunzire mawonekedwe am'minda yofesedwa, mitundu ya namsongole. Kukonzekera kwa nthaka nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ndi namsongole wapachaka.
- Fotokozani mtundu wa nthaka... Kuchuluka ndi nthawi yayitali ya mankhwala kumadalira:
- kukula kwa tinthu, dothi, silt kumafuna zinthu zambiri;
- nthaka pH, m'munsi mwake, ndipamwamba kuwonongeka kwa zinthu;
- mulingo wa chinyezi ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, dothi lachonde limafunikira zinthu zambiri;
- Zizindikiro za mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka, nyengo yakuvunda.
- Molondola konzani malo obzala... Iyenera kukhala ndi zotsalira zazomera zochepa kuti zitheke kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'nthaka.
- Onani nyengo... Zomwe akatswiri akhala akuwona kwa nthawi yayitali zatsimikizira kuti chinthu chofunikira pakuthandizira kwa herbicide ndikumanga mankhwalawa ndi chinyezi kapena dothi mkati mwa nthawi yopitilira maola 20 kuyambira pomwe ntchitoyo idayamba.
- Tsatirani mtundu wa kukonza, kulondola kwa kutsatira malangizo. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kuyambira +10 mpaka 25 madigiri, kuthamanga kwa mphepo ndikosakwana 4 m pamphindikati. Zipangizazo ziyenera kukhala zikugwira ntchito bwino, wopopera mankhwala ayenera kusintha.
Chotsatira chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zipatso zabwino za mpendadzuwa.
Njira zosavuta zolimitsira nthaka (zovutitsa, kumasula pakati pa mizere) sizingateteze mbewu ku namsongole. Njira ina yopangira mankhwala a herbicidal sanapangidwebe; amathandizira kusunga ndikupeza zokolola zambiri za mpendadzuwa.