White kabichi ndi imodzi mwazomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri. Ambiri mwa eni nyumba zazinyumba zanyengo yotentha komanso ziwembu zapakhomo amachita nawo kulima kwake mosangalala komanso mwachidwi. Ambiri mwa iwo amakwanitsa kumera osati mitu yokha ya kabichi, komanso mbewu za kabichi.
Kodi kabichi imakonda nthaka yanji mukamabzala?
Pofuna kubzala zokolola zabwino za kabichi, ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera kubzala... Zimatengera komwe nyumba yanu yachilimwe ili. Ndiye ndi chiwembu chiti choti mutenge kuti mudzakolole zokolola zabwino mtsogolo? Kudziyimira pawokha ndibwino, koma ndibwino kumvera upangiri wa omwe amadziwa ntchito zamaluwa. Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi kusefukira kwamtsinje, komwe mizu ya chomera chokonda chinyezi imapatsidwa madzi ambiri. Nthaka yazokolola yamundawu imatha kukhala yamtundu uliwonse wokhala ndi zamchere kapena zosalowerera ndale. Kabichi idzakondadi malowa. Nthaka yamchere siyabwino kwenikweni kulima kabichi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masamba azitha kugundidwa ndi keel. Ngati nthaka m'dera lanu imakhala ndi acidic, musanalime kabichi, iyenera kuwerengedwa.
Ufa wa Dolomite umadziwika kuti ndi deoxidizer yabwino kwambiri. Lili ndi kashiamu yokha, chifukwa acidity imachepa, komanso magnesium, yomwe imathandizira phindu lazamasamba ndipo imathandizira kukulitsa shuga. Ufa wa Dolomite (miyala yamiyala) umayambitsidwa mchaka, mutha kulima musanabzala kabichi. Koma fluff laimu iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa.
Nthaka ya wowonjezera kutentha imakonzedwa kuchokera kusakanikirana kwa turf kapena peat ndi humus mofanana, ndipo phulusa lamatabwa limawonjezedwanso pano pang'ono. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, chisakanizo cha dothi chimaphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza 10 masentimita kapena kupitirira. Kukula kwabwino kwa kutentha kwa mbande za kabichi ndi 3x1.5, ngakhale izi sizofunikira.
Momwe mungakulire zokolola zabwino?
Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri za kabichi, m'pofunika kutsatira njira zaulimi pamagawo onse olimapo masamba, omwe ndi:
- konzani bwino mbewu;
- kufesa ndikukula mbande zabwino zathanzi;
- pitani mbande pansi molingana ndi malamulo onse;
- chitani zofunikira pazomera;
- Kololani zokolola popanda kutaya.
Kukonzekera woyera kabichi mbande
Kuti mupeze mbande zabwino zolimba kenako mutu waukulu wa kabichi ndi zokolola zambiri za kabichi yoyera, muyenera kusamalira mbewu zabwino kwambiri munthawi yake. Wamaluwa ambiri amalima mbewu zawo za kabichi.
Mbande zoyera za kabichi zimatha kubzalidwa m'nyumba zosungira, malo obiriwira, malo otseguka. Ndizotheka kunyumba, koma, monga momwe zokumana nazo zikuwonetsera, pamenepa, mbande ndi zofooka, zosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda.
Njira yofala kwambiri ikukulabe mbande za kabichi m'malo osungira mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi kapangidwe kake.... Ndikotheka kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha kuyambira koyambirira kwa Epulo. Malo omwe wowonjezera kutentha amakhala asanasankhidwe ndikukhala ndi zida. Kuunikira koyenera kwanuko ndi dzuwa ndikofunikira.
Mbewu zimafesedwa mosamala m'mitsinje yopingasa, osayikidwa osaposa 10 mm. Mutabzala, malowo amawerengedwa. Nthaka imakhuthala pang'ono, ndipo mbewu zimakutidwa ndi kanema. Wowonjezera kutentha amatsegulidwa nthawi zonse kuti alowe mpweya, pafupifupi kamodzi masiku atatu alionse.
Mbande zakonzeka kubzala kutchire pafupifupi masabata atatu mutabzala. Pomwe pepala lenileni la 4 limawoneka. Koma simuyenera kuthamangira, mutha kudikira mpaka mizu ndi chomera chonsecho zikulimba. Izi zidzatsimikizira kuti kabichi ikula ndikumaphuka molimba kutchire. Kawirikawiri Kukhala okonzeka kwathunthu kusamutsa kwamuyaya kumachitika masamba 5-6.
Mbewu za kabichi zoyambirira kucha mitundu zimafesedwa mbande mu Marichi, mitundu yakucha-pakati - kumapeto kwa Marichi-Epulo, mitundu yakucha mochedwa - mu Epulo.
Kudzala mbande masika pamalo otseguka
Mbande ikakhala yokonzeka kubzala panja, kuti zitsimikizike kuti zidzakula bwino, ntchito zotsatirazi zimachitika:
- Kutentha kumatsegulidwa kuti kuumitse mbewu.
- Sabata imodzi musanabzalale, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, koma kuti zisawonongeke.
- Dzulo lisanatengere malo kupita kumalo osatha, amapatsidwa feteleza ndi potaziyamu.
- Bedi likukonzekera kubzala kabichi: amakumba, kuchotsa namsongole, kufotokoza mabowo.
Kutengera nthawi yakucha, chomeracho chimayikidwa patali masentimita 50-60 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kabichi imabzalidwa m'mizere kapena papepala, poyang'ana mtunda woyenera pakati pazoyandikira. Ndikofunika kubzala mbande mosamala kuti zisaphimbe gawo lokula ndi dziko lapansi. Zitsimezo zimatsanulidwa kale ndi madzi ndikatha kubzala, ndipo kuthirira kowonjezereka kumachitikanso.
Kusamalira mukatera
Njira zaulimi zosamalira kabichi ndizosavuta ndipo zikuphatikiza:
- kuthirira;
- zovala zapamwamba;
- kumasula ndi hilling;
- kulamulira namsongole, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi, kutengera nyengo, masiku onse 2-3, mochuluka, popeza chomeracho ndi chosakanikirana, ndi madzi ozizira.
Kuthirira mitundu yakucha-pakati komanso yakucha mochedwa kumayimitsidwa kutatsala mwezi umodzi kuti mukolole. Lamuloli silikugwira ntchito kwa mitundu yakukula msanga.
Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka kuti mpweya ufike kuzu wazomera. Kutsitsa kumachitika pakufunika, pafupifupi kamodzi milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Kuvala bwino kabichi kutchire kumachitika kangapo.
Nthawi yoyamba sabata ziwiri mutabzala ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi pamlingo wa 1 lita pa 10 malita.
Kubwezeretsanso chakudya chimodzimodzi kumachitika pakatha milungu iwiri.
Feteleza feteleza ndi urea zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mitu ya kabichi ikayamba kukhazikika. Zonsezi mu kuchuluka kwa 10 g zimasungidwa mu ndowa ndipo kudyetsa masamba kumachitika.
Tizirombo
White kabichi imatha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo tosiyanasiyana: kabichi yoyera, utitiri wa cruciferous, slugs ndi ena. Chikhalidwe ichi chimakhudzidwanso ndi matenda a fungal. Chifukwa chake, panthawi yonse yokula, ndikofunikira kuchita zoteteza, zodzitetezera komanso zochiritsira. Lero, mutha kugula njira zothanirana ndi zovuta zakumunda ndikukonzekera kubzala molingana ndi malangizo omwe akukonzedwa. Mankhwala azitsamba amaperekanso zotsatira zabwino.kutsimikiziridwa kwazaka zambiri.
Njira yothandizira kupopera mbewu kuchokera ku kabichi azungu, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizirombo tina: wiritsani fumbi la fodya 400 g kwa maola awiri mu 2 malita a madzi, kenako sungani msuzi, onjezerani sopo wochapa mu 50 g ndikubweretsa yankho mpaka malita 10. Utsi kabichi ndi mankhwalawa.
Momwe mungapezere mbewu za kabichi
Kabichi ndi chomera chomwe chimatha zaka ziwiri. I.e mbeu zake mutha kuzipeza chaka chachiwiri chokhapomwe chomeracho chimapanga maluwa ndi zipatso.
Chifukwa chake, pokhala ndi mitu yayikulu ya kabichi kuchokera mmera, timangodutsa theka kuti tipeze mbewu. Ndikofunika kusankha zomera zoyenera amayi. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kuzitsanzo zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsa chochepa thupi, masamba ochepa akunja okhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono.
Ngati ndi kotheka, kabichi amakula pa zakumwa zoledzeretsa mwa kubzala mbewu m'nthaka. Poterepa, ndizotheka kupeza zomera ndi mizu yamphamvu ndi chitsa chachifupi, chomwe chimasungidwa bwino.
Amayi amakololedwa chisanu chisanachitike, amasungidwa ndi mizu, ndikuviika kaye mumphika wadongo.
Ikasiya mutu wa kabichi wokhala ndi masamba okutira awiri, imasungidwa mosiyana ndi chakudya m'chipinda chapansi kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa moto + 2 ° C. Mwezi umodzi musanabzala, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimasamutsidwa kupita kuchipinda chotentha + 5 ° C.
Chakumapeto kwa Marichi - koyambirira kwa Epulo chaka chamawa, kukonzekera amayi kubzala kumayamba. Mizu yovunda imatsukidwa ndipo mutu umadulidwa mu kondomu kuti m'mimba mwake mukhale masentimita 12 mpaka 20. Pokula ziphuphu musanadzalemo panthaka, zimasungidwa poyera kwa masabata 2-3, zokhazikika, mizu mkati, yolumikizana ndi humus. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zobzala sizimauma panthawiyi, sizimaundana ndipo sizipuma.
Podzala zakumwa zoledzeretsa za amayi, madera omwe matalala amasungunuka amachotsedwa. Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, pokumba, tsamba lotereli limakhala ndi manyowa pamlingo wa 4-5 kg / m2. Kompositi itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. M'chaka, feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous amadziwikanso pano pamlingo wa 10g / m2 ndi 20g / m2, motsatana. Ngati ndi kotheka, umuna wa nayitrogeni umachitika (15 g / m2).
Nthawi yoyenera kubzala testes m'nthaka
Tsiku lofika - kumapeto kwa Epulo... Musanadzalemo, mizu ya mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi mullein ndi dongo. Amabzalidwa m'mabowo omwe ali pamtunda wa masentimita 60 wina ndi mnzake, pansi pa mutu wa kabichi. Zomera zimathiriridwa ndi kutenthedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchokera ku dzuwa, komanso zimatetezedwa ku chisanu. Kusamalira ma testes ndi chimodzimodzi kubzala masamba ena: kupalira, kuthirira, kumasula, kuthira feteleza.
Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, mbewu zomwe zimazika mizu zimamasulidwa ku zotsalira za masamba akale ndi masamba kuti zisawonongeke. Pomwe ma peduncles amakula, garter amapangidwa pazowonjezera. Mphukira zopanda maluwa ndi matenda zimachotsedwa.
Ma peduncles owonjezera nawonso amadulidwa. Maluwa amatha pafupifupi mwezi.
Mbewu mu zipatso za nyemba zipsa mwezi ndi theka kutha kwa maluwa. Mbewu imakololedwa osadikirira kuti chipatso chikaphukire kwathunthu, apo ayi yoyambayo itayika, ndikutaya nyemba. Mpaka 50 g ya mbewu ingathe kukololedwa kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi. Mbeu zochokera ku nyembazo zauma ndi kusungidwa.
Sizovuta kwenikweni kukolola kabichi yoyera ndikupeza mbewu zabwino chaka chamawa, muyenera kutsatira mfundo zonse zaukadaulo wazamunda wamundawu. Malangizo athu okuthandizani.