Kuwonjezera pa kukoma kwake, peyala ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino. Mitundu ya peyala ya Veles imasiyana ndi mitundu ina chifukwa cha zipatso zake zokoma komanso kusamalira kosavuta.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Tiyeni tiyambe ndikufotokozera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pear Veles ndi chifukwa chodutsa mitundu ya Lesnaya Krasavitsa ndi Venus, dzina lachiwiri la mitundu ndi "Mwana wamkazi Wabwino". Tidagwira ntchito yopanga mitundu yatsopano ya N.V. Efimova ndi Yu.A. Zamgululi Veles nthawi yomweyo anasangalala ndi wamaluwa ambiri, ndipo pachifukwa chabwino. Wosalala, wokhala ndi khungu loyera, mawonekedwe okongola azipatso, Peyala ya Veles ili ndi kukoma kwabwino... Zipatso zake ndi zotsekemera, zoterera, zowutsa mudyo, zonunkhira bwino.
Zipatso za peyala zimasintha mtundu, zipatso zobiriwira zobiriwira zobiriwira nthawi yotentha, zimasintha kukhala zachikasu pafupi ndi Ogasiti. Mbali ya peyala, pomwe kuwala kwa dzuŵa kumagwera, imapeza matani ofiira a lalanje, ndipo mbali yake mumthunzi imakhalabe yobiriwira. Chifukwa cha zoterezi, Zipatso za peyala zimawoneka zokongola komanso zachilendo. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a tochi, gawo lochepa la peyala lili pamwamba, mozungulira pansi. Peyala imodzi imatha kulemera mpaka magalamu 200!
Veles peyala ndi wa mitundu yophukira. Mtengo umamasula masika, wokhala ndi zoyera, zonunkhira inflorescence. Zipatso zimapangidwa nthawi yachilimwe, kucha zipatso kumayamba koyambirira kwa Ogasiti.
Kupsa kwa peyala kumatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi mtundu wa chipatso. Peyala ikangoyamba kusanduka chikasu, zipatso zake zakupsa. Kupsa kungadziwikenso ndi kachulukidwe ka peyala - ngati zipatsozo ndizokhazikika mpaka kukhudza, zipatso zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zipse.
Mutha kutola zipatso zakupsa kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, koma ... Mitundu ya peyala imasungidwa bwino nthawi yokolola mpaka nthawi yozizira. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kusunga zipatso mpaka nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kutola peyala ikakhala yolimba, kuchotsa mosamala zipatso mumtengowo popanda kuwawononga. Zipatso zowonongeka (zakugwa kapena zopindika pakhungu) zimaola mwachangu ndipo sizoyenera kusungidwa.
Kuti zipatso za peyala zisungidwe mpaka masika, ndibwino kuziyika m'bokosi, ndipo zipatso zilizonse ziyenera kukulungidwa munyuzipepala... Chifukwa chake, peyala ikhoza kusungidwa m'malo ozizira kwa miyezi ingapo.
Mtengo womwewo umaposa 4-5 m kutalika ndi thunthu lakuda ndi lofiirira. Nthambi zikukula, zokhota, zakulimba pakatikati, zotuwa ndi bulauni. Tsamba la mtengo wa munthu wamkulu ndi lobiriwira, masamba aang'ono ndi obiriwira mopepuka.
Peyala imayamba kubala zipatso pakatha zaka 5-7 mutabzala, koma ... Mosamala, zipatso zimawoneka kale kwa zaka 2-3, ngakhale simuyenera kuyembekezera zokolola zambiri mchaka choyamba.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kokongola kugulitsa. Mtengowo umagonjetsanso matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo, osawopa nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yovuta. Zokolola zimabweretsa chaka chilichonse, sizikusowa "kupumula", kupatula apo, kuchuluka kwa zipatso kumawonjezeka chaka chilichonse.
Chimodzi mwamaubwino a peyala ya Veles ndizothandiza zake. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi ma microelements: mavitamini PP, A, B1, B2, C. Zipatsozo zilinso ndi calcium, magnesium, iron ndi zinc.
Koma zosiyanasiyana zimakhalanso ndi zovuta zina, mwachitsanzo, ndi zokolola zochuluka, zipatsozo zimakhala zochepa kukula... Izi zitha kuthetsedwa mosavuta ndikudulira pafupipafupi. Kuzizira kwa impso kumawonekeranso pakamacha zipatso.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Powdery mildew - woyamba zizindikiro za matendawa ndi mapangidwe woyera woonda pachimake pa inflorescences, mphukira ndi masamba, amene pamapeto pake amasanduka bulauni ndi masamba kumbuyo madontho wakuda. Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi vutoli mphukira isanatuluke ndi Skor kapena Topazi. Musanayambe maluwa, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito Hom, koma mutatha kukolola, ndi bwino kupopera mtengo ndi mkuwa sulphate.
Zipatso zowola zimawoneka pazipatso ngati mawanga abulauni, pankhaniyi, pachimake pa chipatso pamakhala bulauni. Zipatsozo zimaola ndi kukhala zosayenera kudya. Musanayambe maluwa, mtengowo ungathe kuchiritsidwa ndi Hom, ndipo mutatha maluwa, ikani Oxykh.
Nthawi zambiri peyala imakhala ndi mabakiteriya oyaka, masamba amtengowo amasandulika wakuda, ndipo mphukira zake zapachaka zimauma. Mutha kulimbana ndi matendawa ndi yankho la mkuwa sulphate kapena Hom. Ndikofunikanso kudula masamba ndi mphukira zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka ndikuziwotcha.
Kuthyola khungwa ndi kowopsa kwa peyala; thunthu losweka limapangitsa kuti likhale losatetezeka ku tizilombo ndi matenda ena. Njira yothetsera laimu yodzitchinjiriza idzateteza mtengo ku ming'alu ya korona.
Kuphatikiza pa matenda, peyala "imakopa" tizirombo tambiri. Pakati pawo, hawthorn amadziwika, omwe amadyetsa mazira ambiri, inflorescence ndi masamba amtengo, komanso amatha kudya nthambi zazing'ono. Musanatuluke mphukira, muyenera kupopera mtengo ndi Karbofos kapena Entobacterin.
Copperhead ndi tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa masamba achikasu. Amadziphatika ndikugwa. Imadyetsanso maluwa ndi masamba amtengo. Mutha kulimbana nayo ndi Vermitic kapena Hom solution.
Njenjete imapangitsa zipatso kugwa ndi kuvunda. Muyenera kuthana ndi mankhwalawa Apollo kapena Vermitic.
Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala, ndikofunikira kuyesa njira zachikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa adyo ndi dandelions kuti muthane ndi tizilombo mchaka. Njira yokhazikika yatsuka sopo imathandizanso.
Kufika
Kusankha malo ndi nthawi yoti mukwere
Posankha malo oti mubzale peyala, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti peyala ndi chomera cha thermophilic, chifukwa chake chiyenera kubzalidwa pamalo owala, sikuti kukula kwa mtengo kumadalira izi, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga mu zipatso. Komanso, musabzale peyala m'malo otseguka, mphepo imasokoneza kukula kwa mtengo. Ndi bwino kubzala peyala pafupi ndi nyumba, pomwe padzakhala ndi kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa.
Ponena za nthawi yobzala, Veles zosiyanasiyana zimatha kubzalidwa nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yophukira. Kubzala masika kumateteza mtengo ku makoswe, komanso, nthawi yotentha, mizu ya mtengowo imakula, ndipo nyengo yake izikhala bwino. Komabe, pobzala mapeyala mchaka, dzenje liyenera kukonzekera kugwa. Kupatula apo, mtengo wobzalidwa mu dzenje latsopanoli umavutika ndi nthaka.
M'dzinja, kubzala peyala ndibwino kwambiri pakatikati kapena kumapeto kwa Seputembala, milungu ingapo chisanachitike chisanu. Muyeneranso kukonzekera maenje pasadakhale kuti peyala ikhale ndi nthawi yoti izika mizu m'malo atsopano osavutika ndi chisanu.
Nthaka
Peyala imakula bwino pafupifupi panthaka zonse, sichiopa dothi ladothi ndi dothi lokhala ndi feteleza ochepa. Koma pakukula ndi zokolola, ndibwino kusankha dothi lachonde.
koma musabzale mitengo m'nthaka ya zithaphwikumene madzi apansi amakhala pafupi ndi mizu. Kuchokera ku chinyezi chowonjezera, mizu ya mtengo imavutika ndipo imadwala.
Kudzala peyala Veles
Pakukula kwa peyala, ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zoyenera kubzala.
Ndi bwino kusankha mtengo wa peyala wa zaka 1-2.
Mukamagula, muyenera kusamala osati mawonekedwe amtengowo, nthambi zake siziyenera kuthyoledwa, kuwonongeka ndi ming'alu ndi matenda. Masambawo ayenera kukhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndipo mitsempha iyenera kuwonekera pansi pamunsi pa tsamba - izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengowo ndi wathanzi, ndipo nazale anali kusamalidwa bwino. Komanso, mizu siyiyenera kuwonongeka, mizu sikuwonetsa zizindikilo za matenda, zofiirira kapena zotuwa.
Mukamabzala mmera, muyenera kukonzekera dzenje moyenera. Kukula kwake kumadalira mizu ya mmera, koma siyeneranso kupanga dzenje lakuya komanso lalikulu kwambiri, mutha kungodula mizu. Amakumba mozama osapitilira theka la mita. Peat kapena manyowa amaikidwa pansi, chisakanizocho chimasakanizidwa ndi nthaka.
Musanabzala, ndikofunikira kutsitsa mahatchi amtengowo mu njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Tsopano chidebe chamadzi chimatsanuliridwa mu dzenjelo kuti nthaka ikhazikike pang'ono. Kotero kuti mtengowo umakula mofanana komanso osapindika kumbali, mutha kukhazikitsa phesi laling'ono lamatabwa nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo pake, mmerawo umayikidwa mu dzenje, kuti kolala ya mizu ikhale yayitali masentimita 8-10 kuposa nthaka.
Komanso, mmera ukhoza kumangirizidwa ku kudula, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mumathirira mtengowo ndi zidebe 2-3 zamadzi ofunda. Kutsirira kowonjezera kumafunikira pamtengowo masiku 3-4. Nthaka yoyandikira iyenera kudzazidwa ndi udzu kapena masamba, kuti dothi lisunge chinyezi nthawi yayitali.
Peyala la Veles limayamba mizu m'malo atsopano, sachita mantha ndi kuziika. Mukabzala bwino mtengowo, pakangotha milungu ingapo masamba ake ayamba kupangika (ngati kubzala kunachitika mchaka), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wachinyamata wazika mizu m'malo atsopano ndipo wakonzeka kukula.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira ndikofunikira osati kokha mmera wachinyamata, komanso mtengo wachikulire. Mutabzala, nthaka yoyandikira mmera iyenera kuthiriridwa kawiri pa sabata. Zidebe 2 zamadzi ofunda ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kukula.
Chomeracho chakhwima, makamaka pamene chinayamba kubala zipatso, chimafunikanso kuthirira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhetsa mtengowo masika, usanafike maluwa. Thirirani mlungu uliwonse ndi madzi pang'ono. Kuthirira kwachiwiri koyenera kuyenera kuchitika asanakhazikitse zipatso, ndi nthawi ino kuti peyala imafunikira chinyezi.
Osadzaza mtengo, mizu ya peyala imakula mokwanira kuti mtengo udye chinyezi chokha.
Pali njira zingapo zothirira mtengo:
Choyamba, mothandizidwa ndi njira zosinthasintha, i.e. njira yamvula. Madzi adzathandiza nthaka kugwa ndi dontho. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, madzi amafika patali mozungulira mtengo, chifukwa chake padzakhala namsongole ochulukirapo.
Kachiwiri, mutha kukumba ngalande yaying'ono kuzungulira thunthu la mtengo ndikutsanulira madzi.
Zovala zapamwamba
Mapeyala amadyetsedwa kangapo pachaka. Kuvala koyamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito maluwa asanayambe. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nitrate, carbimide, kapena urea.
Kudya kwachiwiri kumachitika pambuyo maluwa... Ndi bwino kuyika feteleza yemwe amatchedwa "wobiriwira". Ngalande yaying'ono imakumbidwa mozungulira mtengowo, momwe chakudya, udzu, masamba ndi manyowa zimayikidwa. Mu misa iyi, kupezeka kwa nthaka ndikofunikira.
Feteleza "Wobiriwira" amaikidwa mu ngalande ndikuyika pansi. Kuzizira kale, chisakanizocho chidzavunda, ndipo peyala ipezanso chakudya china.
Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa Seputembala, ndi bwino kudyetsa mtengowo ndi feteleza amchere, utuchi kapena phulusa. Koma kukhazikitsidwa kwa nayitrogeni m'nyengo yozizira ndikoletsedwa.
Kudulira
Kudulira peyala kumachitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti nthambi zonse zimalandira kuwala kuti zikule. Kwa nthawi yoyamba zaka ziwiri, mtengo wawung'ono sifunikira kudulira, umangopanga nthambi, kotero kudulira mopitilira muyeso kumangochepetsa kukula kwa peyala.
Koma kuyambira chaka chachitatu chakukula, peyala imafunika kudulira, komwe kumatha kuchitika ndi mpeni kapena pruner. Gawo loyamba ndikudula nthambi zomwe zimakula pakona yolondola. Pa nthambi zotere, zipatso sizimapezeka kawirikawiri, komanso, zimatchinga kuwala kwa mphukira zomwe sizikukula. Nthambi zimasiyidwa zikukula pamtunda wa madigiri 60-70, zimapirira zipatso zolemera mdzinja.
Nthambi zotsalazo zafupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake. Nthambi yapakati imadulidwanso, koma kutalika kwake kuyenera kupitilira kutalika kwa mphukira zina pofika masentimita 20-30. M'chaka chachinayi, mphukira zazing'ono zimadulidwanso.
Komanso, mosasamala kanthu za chaka chokula kwa mtengo, kudulira ukhondo kumachitika, i.e. nthambi zosweka, zouma zimadulidwa. M'nthawi yotentha, ngati nthambiyi ili ndi matenda kapena tizirombo, musayembekezere mpaka nthawi yophukira. Ndikofunika kudula nthawi yomweyo kuti mtengo wonse usatenge kachilomboka.
Mukadula nthambi, mutha kusiya chitsa chaching'ono pamtengo.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Peyala ya Veles ndiyabwino kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Koma kukonzekera mtengo m'nyengo yozizira kumateteza ku kutentha ndi tizirombo tomwe timabisala m'mizu kapena khungwa la mtengowo.
Kugwa, muyenera kusonkhanitsa zipatso zonse mumtengowo. Kenako, muyenera kusonkhanitsa masamba mozungulira thunthu ndikukumba pansi. Njirayi ndiyofunikira kuti mizu ilandire mpweya wochuluka ndikuchotsa tizilombo.
Komanso, thunthu la mtengo ndi tsinde la nthambi zikuluzikulu ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la choko ndi laimu.
Veles peyala ndipopeza kwenikweni kwa wamaluwa. Sikuti mitundu iyi imangokhala ndi zipatso zokongola komanso zazikulu, koma sikuti ndi yotsika pang'ono kuposa mitundu ina yambiri. Zipatso zokoma, zokoma ndi mnofu zimakhwima pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, khalani pamtengowo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mu mawonekedwe ong'ambika amasunga kukoma kwanthawi yayitali. Komanso, zosiyanasiyana sizikusowa chisamaliro chapadera, zimagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yozizira, matenda ndi tizirombo.