Festivalnaya sitiroberi ndi mabulosi otchuka m'munda osiyanasiyana, obadwanso mzaka za m'ma 50 zapitazo. Ngakhale ali ndi zaka zambiri, zosiyanasiyanabe ndizokondedwa pakati pa wamaluwa ambiri. Festivalnaya ndi ya mitundu yodzichepetsa, imakhala ndi kukoma kwapadera komanso kununkhira, komanso maubwino ena angapo, omwe afotokozedwa pansipa.
Kufotokozera sitiroberi Chikondwerero chamomile
Mitunduyi imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri pakati pa kucha kwa sitiroberi. Mitunduyi idapangidwa m'zaka zapitazi ndi wofalitsa wotchuka Yu.K. Katinskaya, wolemba kuwoloka mitundu Wambiri ndi Premier.
Chomeracho chili ndi tchire lalitali. Ma peduncles ndi olimba komanso olimba, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wosunga zokolola zambiri... Zili pafupi ndi masamba kapena pansipa. Nyumbayi imapatsa zipatso mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha ndi dzuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatsozo zimawoneka bwino kwambiri, motero ndizosavuta kutola. Maluwa pa tchire ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Kupsa zipatso kumachitika koyambirira kwa Julayikomabe, kumadera akumpoto nthawi imeneyi imachitika pambuyo pake. Zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zazitali. Nthawi zina zipatso zimatha kuoneka mpaka nthawi yophukira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi zokolola zambiri komanso pafupipafupi. Zipatso zoyamba zimapsa m'malo mwake - mpaka 50 g... Zipatso zotsatirazi zidzakhala zazing'ono, pafupifupi 20. Mtundu wawo ndi wofiira kwambiri, wonyezimira. Mawonekedwewo ndi ozungulira, osongoka pang'ono, okhala ndi ma grooves ang'onoang'ono.
Zamkati ndizowala pinki, sing'anga osalimba, yowutsa mudyo, yofewa, yosangalatsa kwambiri pakulawa. Peduncle imagawanika mosavuta, chifukwa chake, mukakolola, zipatso sizivulala, zimakhala zowuma komanso zoyera. Mabulosi amodzi apakatikati amakhala ndi pafupifupi 7% shuga, 1.4% acid, ndi vitamini C pafupifupi 90 mg... Chinthu china chosiyana ndi fungo lokoma, lotchulidwa.
Ubwino waukulu wazosiyanasiyana:
- Zipatso zokongola ndi Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri.
- Pamwamba, zokolola zonse, wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yobala zipatso.
- Kulimbana ndi chisanu ndi chilala, choncho ndi koyenera kukula m'malo osiyanasiyana.
- Zabwino amanyamula mayendedwe.
- Kawirikawiri kuwululidwa matenda.
Za zolephera titha kuzindikira kukana kufooka kwa matenda - powdery mildew ndi verticillary wilting.
Momwe mungapezere mbande zamitunduyi
Kuti mukolole bwino, muyenera kupereka zinthu zabwino kubzala. Zitha kugulidwa kwa ogulitsa payokha kapena m'masitolo apadera. Posankha mbande, muyenera kumvera mfundo izi:
- Mmera ayenera kukhala nawo masamba osachepera atatu.
- Masamba opanda zizindikiro za matenda, tizirombo ndi kuwonongeka kwina kowoneka.
- Pakatikati pake pali moyoosati youma kapena yowola.
- Muzu kolala olimba mokwanira, opanda zowola komanso zopanda banga.
- Mizu imakhala yathanzi, osati youma, yopangidwa bwino.
Muthanso kupeza mbande zabwino nokha.
Kuchokera mbewu
Pachifukwa ichi, mbewu zimafesedwa kumapeto kwa February komanso koyambirira kwa Marichi. Popeza ndi yaying'ono ndipo imamera bwino, iyenera kufalikira panthaka yothira.... Pofuna kuti zisagwe m'nthaka, pamwamba pake mutha kukonkha mchenga. Kenako chidebecho chomwe chili ndi nyembazo chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi zojambulazo kuti chinyezi chisatalike.
Mphukira zidzawoneka masiku 10-14... Masamba awiri oyamba akaonekera pa mbande, amayenera kumizidwa m'madzi. Kuti muchite izi, sungani chidebe choyenera, ndikubisa mizu m'nthaka. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala. Zomera nthawi zambiri zimalolera kutola bwino.
Mbande ziyenera kuyatsidwa nthawi yayitali masana, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuyatsa kuyatsa kwina, ngakhale atakhala pawindo.
Mu thanki yobzala, mbande zimakula mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa June. Kenako amauika pamalo otseguka. Mbande zidzatulutsa chaka chamawa chokha.
Kubereka masharubu
Mu tchire lomwe limabala zipatso, masharubu ayenera kuchotsedwa. Popeza izi zimawachotsera mphamvu, chifukwa chake zokolola zimachepa. Chifukwa chake, pakukula mbande, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe tchire, ndikukolola kuchokera kwa ena onse. Pofuna kuti masharubu akule mwachangu, ma peduncle amachotsedwa pachiberekero cha uterine... Kuti muberekenso, chitsamba cholimba chimasankhidwa, pomwe tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tomwe tiyenera kutsalira.
Pamene rosette ikuwonekera pa masharubu, iyenera kukhazikika panthaka (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito waya), ikulitseni pang'ono, ndikudikirira kuti mizu iwonekere. Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa mmera kuchokera ku chitsamba cha mayi mutakhazikika kale.... Mbande za chaka chamawa zimakololedwa kumapeto kwa Novembala. Mbeuzo zimayikidwa m'malo amdima, ozizira ndikusungidwa mpaka koyambirira kwa masika.
Kukonzekera nthaka yobzala
Strawberry ndi chomera cha thermophilic chomwe chimakonda dzuwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale m'malo amvula kwambiri komanso m'malo otsika.... Madera okhala ndi mthunzi akuyeneranso kutulutsidwa. Mumthunzi, monga lamulo, chinyezi chowonjezera chimapangidwa, kotero chomeracho chimatha kudziwika ndi matenda a fungal.
Strawberries ndi odzichepetsa pamtundu wa nthaka... Kupatula kwake ndi dothi louma kwambiri kapena lamchenga. Nthaka yotere imatha kuchepetsedwa powonjezera humus. Chifukwa chake chikhala chodzaza ndi chosavuta.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande kawiri pamalo amodzi kapena pamabedi pomwe kabichi, tomato, mbatata kale zidamera. Malo abwino adzakhala nthaka pomwe kaloti, adyo, anyezi, maungu kale anali obala zipatso.
Pamene malo obzala asankhidwa, ayenera kukonzekera. Malowa ayenera kumasulidwa ku namsongole, makamaka kuchokera ku mizu yawo. Kenako feteleza wamafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito (manyowa a nkhuku, ndowe za ng'ombe), malowo amakumbidwa ndikuwerengedwa.
Kudzala Festivalnaya strawberries
Zomera zimatha kubzalidwa pamzere umodzi komanso mzere wamagulu awiri. Pachiyambi, Mipata m'mizere ndi 60 cm, ndipo pakati pa mbande 20 cm... Kubzala kumeneku kumalimbikitsidwa kubzala masika-nthawi yophukira. M'chaka choyamba, sitiroberi sichimabala zipatso, koma imayika tinyanga pakati pa mizere.
Kubzala mizere iwiri kumawerengedwa kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri, koyenera kasupe. Zomera zimapezeka pakati pawo pambuyo pa 15 cm, pakati pa mizere - pambuyo pa 30 cm, pakati pa nthiti - 70 cm... Mutha kudzala tchire palimodzi kwambiri. Izi zidzachotsa mizere ya mbande zomwe sizinaphulike mchaka choyamba cha kukula kapena kupezeka ndi matenda. Pochotsa mbande zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, padzakhala malo aulere azomera zathanzi.
Kubzala zamitunduyi kumachitika mchaka (koyambirira kwa Epulo) kapena nthawi yophukira (koyambirira kwa Seputembala). Popeza Festivalnaya imafunikira dothi lokwanira bwino kuti likule bwino, sikoyenera kubzala nthawi yotentha. Mizu yabwino kwambiri yobzala mbande ndi 8-9 cm.
Musanadzalemo, mabowo osaya kapena mizere imapangidwa, yothira bwino. Mizu ya tchire imayenera kuwongoledwa ndikutsitsidwa m dzenje pamalo owongoka... Pang'ono pang'ono uzani nthaka, pewani pang'ono. Thiraninso madzi ndikuphimba nthaka pansi pa chitsamba ndi mulch, humus kapena udzu. Izi zidzateteza kuti namsongole asamere ndikusunga chinyezi.
Kusamalira mabulosi am'munda
Kusamalira tchire la Chikondwerero kuli motere:
- Kuthirira... Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite izi kutengera kuyanika kwa nthaka. Kuthirira ndibwino kwambiri m'mawa. Malingana ngati kulibe mtundu, madzi osamba amatha kutsanulidwira masamba a chomeracho. Mtundu ndi zipatso zikayamba, muyenera kuthirira pansi pa chitsamba. Masiku otentha, njira yothirira imachitika kawiri pa sabata. Ndi maonekedwe a zipatso, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
- Kupalira ndi kumasula... Kupalira kumayenera kuchitika pamene udzu ukuwonekera. Musalole kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa mabedi, chifukwa namsongole amatenga zakudya ndi chinyezi m'nthaka. Mukakolola namsongole, nthaka imafunika kumasulidwa kuti ipume.
- Feteleza... Njira yodyetsera imachitika masika ndi nthawi yophukira. Feteleza sakuvomerezeka panthawi yamaluwa ndi zipatso. Podyetsa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuthupi (ndowe za ng'ombe, ndowe za nkhuku, humus) kapena feteleza wapadera wamafuta omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo.
Monga mbewu zilizonse zolimidwa, sitiroberi amatha kulimbana ndi tizirombo. Izi zikachitika, chithandizo chimafunika. Kusintha kumatha kuchitika musanadye maluwa komanso mukakolola.
Tizirombo
- Transparent mite... Zimakhudza masamba, chifukwa chake, masamba amatembenukira chikasu, ndipo zipatsozo zimakhala zochepa. Mukakolola zipatso, zomerazo zimafunikira chithandizo ndi karbofos.
- Ma Nematode... Amapezeka m'masamba ndipo amakhudza tchire. The strawberries asiya kukula. Zomera zoterezi ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'munda.
- Nyerere... Amawononga zipatso za zomera. Kuti muwachotse, muyenera kuwaza pansi pafupi ndi tchire ndi soda.
- Slugs, nkhono... Amakonda kudya zipatso zokoma. Ngati alipo ambiri, atha kuwononga mbewuzo. Mutha kuthana nawo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe agulidwa mwapadera. Muthanso kupanga mpanda wa nthambi zaminga kapena zipolopolo kuzungulira bedi. Ndizovuta kuti ma slugs athetse chopinga chotere. Komanso nkhono zam'madzi zimaopa soda.
Pofuna kupewa, kugwa, nthaka imathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pa nthawi yake ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba owuma ndikuwongolera chinyezi cha nthaka.
Matenda
Matenda a Strawberry amaphatikizapo:
- Powdery mildew... Chomeracho chimadzaza ndi pachimake chakuda, zipatso zimayamba kuwumba. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, muyenera kupopera tchire ndi yankho la soda mtundu usanayambe.
- Verticillary kufota... Mawanga akuda amayamba kuwonekera pamasamba, kenako masamba amayamba kufa. Chomeracho chimawoneka chikufota ndipo posakhalitsa chimaferatu. Tchire lomwe lili ndi kachilomboka liyenera kuchotsedwa m'munda nthawi yake ndikuwotcha kuti matendawa asafalikire.
Komanso, chisamaliro cha strawberries chimaphatikizapo kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu. Choyambirira, tchire liyenera kulumikizidwa. Ndi bwino kusachotsa udzu kuti usawononge mizu.
Chipinda chimazizira bwino pansi pa chipale chofewa, koma ngati m'dera lanu nyengo yachisanu si chipale chofewa, tchire liyenera kuphimbidwa.
Pazolinga izi, fit: udzu, masamba, masamba a spruce, mpesa. Kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito agrofibre. Kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitika ngakhale isanayambike chisanu.
Kukula kwa strawberries a Festivalnaya chamomile zosiyanasiyana ndi njira yosavuta. Komabe, kupeza zokolola zabwino za zipatso zokoma, ndikofunikira kupatsa mbewuzo chisamaliro choyenera.