Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yambiri, tomato wambiri amabala zipatso amakhala pakati komanso pakutha kucha. Komabe, mutha kupezabe zimphona zenizeni posankha mbewu kapena mbande za Mfumu Yoyambirira, muphunzira malongosoledwe ndi mawonekedwe amitundu iyi kuchokera munkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a tomato King koyambirira
Mpaka chipatso chikakhwima, zimatenga masiku 85-90 okha kuyambira pomwe mphukira zimawonekera pamwamba pa nthaka. Chomeracho ndi mtundu wokhazikika wokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 50-70 cm, nthambi ndi tsinde lalikulu ndi lamphamvu, lomwe limapatsa chitsamba chitsutso panthawi yazipatso. Tomato wolemera mu mawonekedwe okhwima amalemera magalamu 300, ndipo mitundu ina mpaka 400 magalamu. Mawonekedwe a tomato ndi ozungulira komanso osalala. Mwambiri, chitsamba chimawoneka chokongola: zipatso zoyera kwambiri zimayikidwa m'magulu pang'ono. Pafupifupi, makilogalamu 4.8-5.2 amachotsedwa pachitsamba chimodzi. Kuchokera mu zamkati zamkati, sauces ndi ketchups zomwe ndizabwino kulawa zimapezeka; King of the Early imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakumwa mwatsopano.
Mfumu yakumayambiriro ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa wa phwetekere, wopangidwa ndi obereketsa aku Russia (omwe adalembetsa mu 2005), wopangidwa kuti akule panja ndikubisala.
Za mtundu wofananira zikuwonetsa kudziwongolera pakukula ndi nthambi. Izi zimapangitsa kusamalira mbewu kukhala kosavuta.
Mfumu yoyambirira safuna tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, duwa limaphatikizapo ziwalo zamwamuna ndi mkazi. Koma alimi odziwa ntchito amalangizabe, ndi mvula yambiri kapena kutentha pang'ono panthawi yamaluwa, kugwedeza nthambi za tchire (kamodzi pamasiku 3-4).
Mafumu ena pakati pa tomato
Mwa zina za tomato wobala zipatso zazikulu, mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyodziwika: King of Kings, King of Giants, King of Large. Amasiyana ndi Mitundu Yoyambirira ya King, choyambirira, ndi nthawi yakucha (mkatikati mwa nyengo). Ndipo magawo ena ndi ovuta kusokoneza:
- kutalika kwa tchire ndikokwera kwambiri (1.6 mita pafupifupi);
- kulemera kwa fetal kumafika magalamu 500-800 ndi pamwambapa;
- chomeracho chimayenera kupanga chitsamba ndi garter;
- Mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, King of large) imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikule mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi pa chivundikiro cha kanema.
Kuti musasokoneze King of the Early zosiyanasiyana ndi tomato wina wobala zipatso, muyenera kutsogozedwa posankha mbewu zazing'ono (masiku 85-90).
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Kuti mumvetse mwachidule tomato, mutha kudziwa bwino zaubwino wake:
- Nyengo yochepa yokula imathandizira kuchotsa zipatso m'munda kuyambira Juni (kapena ngakhale Meyi ndikulima wowonjezera kutentha);
- Kukoma kwabwino sikuchepetsa njira zogwiritsa ntchito masamba;
- luso losavuta laulimi;
- chitetezo champhamvu champhamvu, kuthana ndi matenda ndi ma virus;
- chifukwa cha khungu lolimba, zipatsozo zimasungabe mawonekedwe awo kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe ndizofunikira kunyamula mbewu;
- zokolola zambiri.
Zoyipa zake zikuphatikiza kufunika kwa njira zodzitetezera kumatenda ndi tizirombo, komanso kukhazikitsa mwadongosolo feteleza wofunikira pachikhalidwe chotukuka kwambiri. Sizingatheke kukolola mbewu yabwino panthaka yomwe mulibe zakudya zokwanira.
Pa phwetekere wofulumira, khungu limatha kuphulika. Ming'alu imathanso kupanga mozungulira phesi chifukwa chosowa chinyezi.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Kukonzekera kwa zidebe ndi dothi
Makapu apulasitiki, zotengera zamakaseti, mabokosi amtengo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotengera. Ayenera kukhala ndi mabowo otchingira pansi kuti madzi asayime pansi panthawi yothirira.
Chidebechi chiyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi losakanikirana, lomwe limaphatikizapo:
- nthaka yachonde;
- mchenga;
- peat;
- humus (kompositi).
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi. Nthaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito iyenera kutenthedwa mu uvuni kapena kuthiridwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate yothira matenda.
Kufika
Kubzala kwa Mfumu yoyambirira kwakonzedwa mu Marichi (kuyambira tsiku la 15). Ngati mbande zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti masikuwo amasinthidwa mpaka theka lachiwiri la February. Mbewu zogulidwa kwa wogulitsa wosatsimikiziridwa ziyenera kuthiridwa mankhwala. Kuti achite izi, amizidwa mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 10.
Kufesa kumachitika m'nthaka yonyowa. Kuchokera pamwamba, nyembazo zimakonkhedwa ndi nthaka (0.8 mm). Galasi kapena filimu imayikidwa pamwamba pa chidebecho. Mwa mawonekedwe awa, chidebecho chimayikidwa mchipinda chofunda chomera (osachepera 18 °). Pa tsiku la 5-8th, mbande zidzawoneka, zotengera zimakonzedweratu m'malo owala bwino pomwe mulibe zojambula. Pambuyo masiku ena asanu, amayamba kunyowetsa nthaka ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, osakhudza gawo lobiriwira la ziphukazo. Pambuyo popanga masamba awiri, mbande zimadumphira m'madzi.
Thirani tomato pamalo otseguka
Pansi panja, mbande za King of the Early zikukonzekera kubzalidwa mu Meyi (mu wowonjezera kutentha, tsikulo limasinthidwa mpaka Epulo). Poterepa, mbande ziyenera kufikira zaka 60-65.
Chiwembu chodzala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muyezo wazomera zamtundu wosankha. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa tchire mzere ndi 50-70 cm, mzere wa mzere ndi 0.7-1 m. Ngati wina akuwona kuti njirayi ndi yowonongeka, ndiye kuti mabowo angakonzedwe pamtunda wa masentimita 45-55 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 60, koma chiwembu choterechi chidzafunika chisamaliro chosamalitsa: muyenera kutsina nthawi zambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Kusamalira mosiyanasiyana mutabzala
Kuthirira
Kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kochuluka, koma kosowa. Nyengo isanakwane, kamodzi pamlungu ndikokwanira.
Pambuyo popanga inflorescence, pafupipafupi kumawonjezeka mpaka 2-3 sabata. Madzi othirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha. Ndi bwino kuthirira tchire muzu madzulo.
Zovala zapamwamba
Kukula kwakukulu kwa tomato kumafuna kudyetsa nthawi zonse, kamodzi kamodzi masiku khumi. Njira yoyamba imachitika milungu iwiri mutabzala mbande (kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena ndowe za mbalame). Kudya mobwerezabwereza kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zamoyo zonse ndi mchere. Nthawi zambiri, nitrophosphate imasankhidwa ngati chakudya (60 g pa chidebe chamadzi).
Kumasula ndi kupalira
Patatha masiku 10 mutabzala, kupalira koyamba kumachitika, komwe kumabwerezedwa kangapo nthawi yokula. Kutsegula kumachitika nthawi yomweyo. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa namsongole ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa udzu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisunge mabedi. Mzerewu umathandiza kuti dothi lisaume.
Kupanga kwa Bush
Zikhalidwe zotsimikiza sizimakonda kukhala ana opeza, koma lamuloli silikugwira ntchito kwa King of the Early. Nthambi zomwe zikubwera mtsogolo ziyenera kuwongoleredwa, apo ayi chomeracho sichingakoke mbewu yolemera. Ndipo zipatso sizikhala zazikulu. Maburashi oyamba akamayamba, masamba otsika kwambiri amadulidwa pang'ono. Ngati kukula kwachitsamba kukuzindikiridwa, mazirawo amayeneranso kukhala okhazikika, kuchotsa maluwa owonjezera.
Mukamasamalira tomato, simuyenera kubwereza zolakwika za ena wamaluwa. Zina mwazomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza:
- kusasunga nthawi pakati pa mabowo nthawi yobzala (mabedi olimba nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo cha tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda ndikupanga malo abwino pakukula bowa);
- kuphwanya boma lothirira (kuphuka kwa zipatso kumapangidwa, chikasu chimawonekera pamasamba);
- mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa zipatso wokhala ndi malo obiriwira komanso otumbululuka (kusowa kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka);
- Kukula kwakukulu kwa nsonga ndi mapangidwe ochepa a thumba losunga mazira (owonjezera feteleza a nayitrogeni).
Ngakhale chikhalidwechi chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chotsikirako, nthambi zimatha kupindika komanso kuphwanya zipatso zolemera. Chifukwa chake, garter iyenera kupangidwa koyambirira kwa zipatso.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Mfumu yakumayambiriro ili ndi chitetezo champhamvu, koma kuti iteteze ku matenda ndi tizirombo, ndikofunikira kutsatira ulamuliro wamasana, kuthirira, ndi kuyambitsa mavalidwe. Komanso, musaiwale za njira zodzitetezera zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kwa zomera pakukula kwa bowa.
Ndi nthaka ndi chinyezi chowonjezeka, chomeracho chimakumana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mafangasi ndi bakiteriya: choipitsa mochedwa, imvi ndi zowola zoyera, kuwola kwa mizu, ndi zina. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikapezeka, m'pofunika kukonza chikhalidwe pogwiritsa ntchito izi:
- Phindu la Golide;
- bordeaux osakaniza;
- Nsonga ya Abiga;
- Fitoverm ndi njira zina.
Ndikofunikanso kuwongolera namsongole, omwe amachulukitsa chinyezi, amapanga shading ndikukopa tizilombo.
Zowopsa kwambiri ku tomato ndi: whitefly, nthata za kangaude ndi slugs. Monga njira yodzitetezera, mabedi amawaza phulusa la nkhuni, opopera mankhwala ndi chowawa chowawa kapena kulowetsedwa kwa mankhusu a anyezi. Komabe, njira zoterezi ziyenera kusinthidwa pakapezeka tiziromboti kapena zinthu zamagetsi. Mwa otchuka kwambiri:
- Aktara;
- Zolemba;
- Fitoverm;
- Iskra-Bio ndi ena.
Ndizotheka kulima phwetekere lalikulu kwambiri patsamba lanu ngati mutsatira malamulo onse aukadaulo waulimi. Udindo waukulu muukadaulo waulimi umaseweredwa ndi njira zodzitetezera kuti zisawonongeke ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.