Mbewu yokhwima msanga iyi imabala zipatso nthawi yonse yotentha. Chomeracho sichodzichepetsa, koma chimafuna chisamaliro. Kubzala ndi kulima kumachitika m'mabedi otseguka; kuti mukakolole koyambirira, mbande zimabzalidwa m'nyumba zosungira. Munkhaniyi tiona momwe tingabzalidwe bwino mafuta a masamba pamalo otseguka, komanso momwe tingawasamalire kunyumba ndi zomwe tingadyetse nthawi yonse yokula.
Madeti obzala mbewu za zukini pamalo otseguka
Yambani kubzala mbewu panthaka nthaka ikafika mpaka madigiri a12, osati koyambirira kwa Meyi. M'nthaka yozizira, mbewu sizimera, zidzaola ndi kufa. Chifukwa chake, kutsika kumatsalira mpaka nyengo yotentha. Ndikumazizira kwambiri usiku, mphukira zabwino zimaundana. Kubzala mbewu za zukini kwa mbande kumachitika mwakufuna kwawo, popeza zipatso zimakhala ndi nthawi yakupsa ndipo zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi mbewu mpaka kuzama kwa nthaka.
Mutha kuchita izi koyambirira kwa Meyi (pamsewu wapakati), mutathira dzenje ndi madzi ofunda. Malo obzala amafundidwa ndi pulasitiki wa 5-lita wowonekera bwino wokhala ndi khosi lodulidwa. Zimatulutsa wowonjezera kutentha wa mbeu iliyonse. Musaiwale kuti kubzala masamba panthaka komanso wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha ndi osiyana kwambiri.
Kutentha kokhazikika kudayamba komanso kusakhala ndi chisanu usiku, chidebecho chimachotsedwa ndipo nyembazo zimatha kudzalidwa
Kukonzekera bwino mabedi ndi kubzala mbewu kunyumba
Njira yabwino yokonzera zitunda ndikugwa. Mukamakumba, manyowa ovunda kapena kompositi, feteleza ambiri - superphosphate, mchere wa potaziyamu, ammonium nitrate amayambitsidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, amalembedwa koyambirira.
Kodi kubzala mbewu ndi mbali iti? Zukini amathanso kufesedwa pamulu wa manyowa. Dothi lotayirira, lokhala ndi humus ndi malo abwino pachikhalidwe ichi.
Osabzala zukini pafupi ndi dzungu. Kubzala mungu kumachepetsa zokolola zonse ziwiri.
Ndikokwanira kumasula bedi lomwe lakonzedwa nthawi yophukira ndikupanga mabowo pamenepo. Chitsamba cha zukini ndi chopepuka, chodzalidwa patali ndi 0,5-0.8 mita. Mbeu zimathandizidwa ndi 1% yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, phulusa kapena nitroammofoska, yogwira mphindi 20. Ndiye kutsukidwa ndi madzi. Izi ziteteza nyemba ku matenda ndikuonetsetsa kuti zikumera bwino.
Ikani mbeu 2-3 mdzenje, kuti mwina ina singadzuke. Mphukira zikawoneka, siyani mmera umodzi, tsinani zotsalazo.
Kusamalira nthawi yokula
Zukini amakonda kutentha ndi chinyezi. Nyengo youma, kuthirira kamodzi pamlungu ndi madzi, osazizira kuposa +22 madigiri. Ndikukula kwakukulu kwa zipatso - masiku atatu aliwonse. Mpaka malita awiri amadzi amathiridwa pansi pa mbeu iliyonse. Musamwe madzi musanakolole kuti kukoma kusakhudzidwe.
Chikhalidwe sichimalola chinyezi pamasamba. Madzi pansi pa muzu kuchokera kuthirira popanda utsi. Pambuyo pake, amatulutsa ndi kuphimba.
Chitsamba chachikulu ndi zipatso zazikulu zimafuna zakudya zambiri. Feteleza imayamba masamba atatha masamba ndikupitilira nthawi yonse yobala zipatso. Feteleza ndibwino kuyika mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Koposa zonse amakonda zachilengedwe. Kuvala kwamagulu kumathandizira pakukula kwa masamba. Kupopera mbewu m'tchire masiku khumi aliwonse ndi njira yothetsera feteleza kumatha kukulitsa zokolola.
Namsongole ndi owopsa pokhapokha atakula mtsogolomo, sangakwanitse kukula pansi pa korona wofalitsa.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji ndi kuthira feteleza wa zukini?
Zomwe feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala, timazilemba:
- Mchere.
- Zachilengedwe.
- Feteleza kuchokera munjira zosakanikirana.
Manyowa amchere
Pakukula kwa chikhalidwechi, feteleza wathunthu wathunthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito motere: 1 tbsp. supuni ya potaziyamu sulphate, iwiri superphosphate, urea imasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi. Pambuyo kusungunuka kwathunthu, kuthirira pansi pa mizu ndi 1.5 malita pachomera.
Mavitamini zimayambitsa kukula kwa mbeu yobiriwira. Ikani kumapeto ndi chilimwe. Pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikofunikira. Izi ndi urea, ammonium, calcium ndi sodium nitrate, ammonium sulphate.
Phosphoric thandizani zipatso kucha msanga, kuchepetsa nyengo yokula. Awa ndi superphosphate, superphosphate iwiri, ufa wa phosphoric.
Potashi kuonjezera kulimbana kwa zomera chifukwa chosowa chinyezi ndi kutentha. Kuchulukitsa kukana matenda ndi tizirombo. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa potaziyamu sulphate, potaziyamu mankhwala enaake, mchere wa potaziyamu.
Mankhwala a magnesium ndi chitsulo amaphatikizapo magnesium oxides, boron, iron. Onjezani zokolola ndi zipatso. Magnesium imathandizira kuti nthaka iwonongeke. Ndi bwino manyowa kugwa malinga ndi chiwembu china, chowonetsedwa m'malamulo.
Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wokonzeka. Ali ndi zofunikira zamagulu azinthu monga peresenti. Azofoska, nitrophoska, diammophos amaphatikizapo phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu m'malo osavuta kupanga mbewu.
Ma Microadditives ndiofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa zomera: boric, molybdenum, manganese, mkuwa. Amafuna pang'ono, amawonjezerapo zovuta.
Manyowa achilengedwe
Zachilengedwe - gawo lofunikira pa zakudya za zukini. Mulinso zinthu zazikulu - nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu, kufufuza zinthu, mavitamini. Zonsezi ndizosavuta kukumba. Chifukwa chake mutha kudyetsa zukini nthawi iliyonse.
Manyowa. Zachilengedwe zanyama. Osakhala ovala bwino kwambiri. Imasintha nthaka. Kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo feteleza wamchere ndi manyowa kumathandizira kukulitsa kwa feteleza amchere.
Humus. Manyowa owola. Imasintha nthaka ndi nthaka. Amakonzekera pambuyo ntchito pansi pa chitsamba mu nthawi yochepa.
Manyowa. Amapezeka pambuyo pakuwonongeka kwa zinyalala zamasamba ndi zakhitchini. Kupsa kwake kumatha zaka zitatu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zovala zapamwamba.
Ndowe za mbalame... Muli zofunikira zonse, feteleza wamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Zimatenga nthawi kukhala wokonzeka kuyitanitsa mbeu. Watsopano, umakhala wonyezimira ndipo umatha kutentha mizu ndi masamba.
Peat... Zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yopepuka, imadyetsa. Sikuti peat yonse ndi yathanzi. Peat wowawasa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kompositi.
Manyowa ena opangira feteleza ndi feteleza
Udzu ndi masamba, yisiti, phulusa, zinyalala za chakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa thanzi.
Udzu wobiriwira, nettle ndi wabwino kwambiri, amaviika mbiya yamadzi, amasungidwa masiku 10-15, ndikulowetsedwa ndi zitsamba. Limbani ndikupeza feteleza wosavuta m'kanthawi kochepa.
Kuvala zitsamba zobiriwira kumapezeka ndikukumba ndikukhazikika panthaka yomwe yakula pabedi lam'munda.
Zimalimbikitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa zukini, zowonjezera yisiti. Yisiti ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku infusions wa zitsamba kapena kuchepetsedwa m'madzi ofunda ndi shuga.
Kulowetsedwa kwa anthu nkhuni phulusa kumakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofufuza, kumachepetsa nthaka acidity. Alibe nayitrogeni, ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Tizirombo ndi nkhondo yolimbana nawo
Zukini ali ndi matenda otsatirawa:
- Kuvunda koyera
- Kuvunda imvi.
- Powdery mildew.
- Fusarium yowuma.
Kuyera koyera ndi imvi chimakwirira masamba, zimayambira ndi thumba losunga mazira ndi pachimake, iwo pansi ndi youma. Ndi bowa. Amawoneka nyengo yozizira, yamvula m'malo obzala wandiweyani. Mbalamezi zimapitirizabe pansi. Kuwononga matenda, utsi ndi mkuwa sulphate, sulfuric zinki, urea yankho. Osakhwima kubzala, kuthirira madzi ofunda.
Powdery mildew. Masamba amakhudzidwa koyamba, ndiye matendawa amawononga mbewu yonse. Imayamwa chakudya chamagulu, imachepetsa zokolola. Imafalikira ndikusinthasintha kwa kutentha, nayitrogeni wambiri. Amathandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi colloidal sulfure, kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa, potaziyamu permanganate solution.
Fusarium yowuma zimakhudza mizu. Ndikukula kwina, imadutsa pamtengo, ndipo imamwalira. Zitha kuwonongedwa pokhapokha posintha nthaka.
Matenda onsewa amapitilira pazinyalala za nthaka komanso m'nthaka. Maonekedwe awo amatha kupewedwa pokonzekera mizere, kutsalira zotsalira zazomera, kukonza pokolola, ndikuwona kasinthasintha wa mbewu.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a sikwashi:
- Mavwende nsabwe.
- Kangaude.
- Whitefly.
Mphutsi vwende nsabwe nyengo yozizira pazinyalala zazomera, zimachulukitsa mwachangu masika. Amawononga zimayambira ndi masamba, kenako amauma. Kutsuka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa mizere ndikuwotcha zinyalala zazomera kumathandiza kupewa tizilombo. M'chilimwe, mbewu zimapopera ndi kulowetsedwa kwa tsabola wotentha, anyezi, nsonga za mbatata, zopukutidwa ndi fumbi la fodya.
Kangaude kachilombo kakang'ono kosaoneka. Zimapezeka kumapeto kwa tsamba. Amachititsa tsamba mottling ndi kuyanika. Njira zowongolera ndizofanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Whitefly amapanga zokutira shuga potsatira masamba. Awa ndi malo omwe amapangidwira nthenda zosiyanasiyana za matenda. Tizilombo tikhoza kutsukidwa ndi madzi, osalola kuti akhale pansi pambuyo pake. Pakakhala tizilombo tambiri, thirani nthaka mukakolola ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a Komandor.
Kukolola ndi kusunga
Zokoma kwambiri komanso zathanzi ndi zipatso zobiriwira mpaka masentimita 25. Zili ndi khungu lowonda komanso nthanga zazing'ono zosapsa. Pochotsa zukini munthawi yake, timathandizira kupanga ndi kukula kwa thumba losunga mazira atsopano. Poterepa, tidzakhala ndi masamba obiriwira nthawi yonse yotentha. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, timayamba kupanga zopanda kanthu posungira nyengo yozizira. Sonkhanitsani zipatso zokhala ndi khungu lolimba ndi tsinde lalitali kuti musungire bwino. Timasonkhanitsa zokolola mpaka chisanu.
Sikwashi wokhwima bwino akhoza kusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira kwa miyezi 4-5 mpaka Marichi.
Zukini ndi chikhalidwe chakucha msanga, timayamba kukolola masiku 20 mutatha maluwa. Kukolola koyambirira kumakupatsani inu mavitamini atsopano kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Ntchito zawo zosiyanasiyana zimapangitsa zukini kukhala mbewu yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa.