Wamaluwa ambiri amafuna kulima mbewu zachilendo paminda yawo., yomwe idzasiyana ndi ena, m'maonekedwe ndi kakomedwe.
Pamenepa, kungakhale koyenera kudzala mbewu za haibridikaphatikizidwe mikhalidwe yazikhalidwe zingapo.
Kwambiri hybrids wa apurikoti, pichesi, maula ndi apulo
Kwa nthawi yayitali, obereketsa akhala akuyesera kudutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mbewu wina ndi mnzake kuti apeze mbewu zabwino. Zipatso zawo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo okongola komanso kukoma kwawo.
Pali mitundu yambiri yosakanizidwaomwe ndi osakanikirana azikhalidwe ziwiri kapena zingapo, zachilendo kwambiri ndi izi:
- Sharafuga - wosakanizidwa wa maula, pichesi ndi apurikoti;
- Aprium ndi Plumkot - chisakanizo cha maula ndi ma apricot;
- Apple ndi maula timadzi tokoma;
- Maula / chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa chosakanizidwa;
- Wamkulu - kuphatikiza maula ndi okwera.
Maula a Apurikoti
Pali mitundu iwiri ya maula ndi ma apricot hybrids.
Aprium - wosakanizidwa ndi 75% apurikoti ndi 25% maula. Chipatso chachilendo ichi chidabadwa mzaka za m'ma 90 ndi woweta waku America a Floyd Zeiger.
Kuyesa kwakumapeto kwa maula a apurikoti kumanena za kukoma kwake komanso fungo labwino. Zonunkha za chipatsocho ndi zolimba, zopanda madzi ambiri kuposa za apurikoti, ndipo khungu limakhala losalala, ngati la maula.
Aprium ili ndi zinthu zambiri za fructose, zomwe zimawonetsa kukoma kwa chipatsocho.
Pulagi - wosakanizidwa wopangidwa ndi apurikoti ndi ¾ maula. Wobadwira ku California mu 1989, pakadali pano pali mitundu 11 ya haibridi iyi.
Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kokoma, kukoma kwa zipatso; zipatso zotere zimapanga kupanikizana kodabwitsa, ma compote kapena mavinyo. Kukoma kwa chipatso kumakhala ngati apurikoti, komanso mawonekedwe ake maula.
Khungu ndi losalala, lofiirira, pinki kapena wobiriwira. Zamkati ndi zokoma, zofiira.
Ma Plum timadzi tokoma
Peach ndi maula hybrid amatchedwa maula a timadzi tokoma. Anthu ambiri sazindikira ngakhale kuti chipatso chonga nectarine chimatha kukhala chamitundu iwiri, maula ndi apulo.
Amasiyana kwambiri pakati pawo pakulawa ndi mawonekedwe awo:
- Maula a timadzi tokhathamira osakhala ndi madzi ambiri, mnofu wake ndi wolimba komanso "wandiweyani", wachikasu, wopatukana bwino ndi mwalawo;
- mwakuwoneka, zipatsozo ndizozungulira mozungulira ndipo zimafanana ndi pichesi;
- khungu ndi lowonda, losalala komanso losalala.
Madzi a Apple
Peach wosakanizidwa ndi apulo amatchedwa apulo nectarine, mawonekedwe ake apadera amafotokozedwa mu izi:
- zamkati zimakhala zofewa komanso zowutsa mudyo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zonona kapena zoyera. Kukoma kwa chipatsocho ndi kokoma komanso kowawasa;
- timadzi tokoma ta maapulo timakhala tating'ono kakang'ono kawiri kuposa maula, okhala ndi mawonekedwe otakata pang'ono;
- khungu ndi losalala, lowala, pinki wotumbululuka.
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa maula, apurikoti ndi pichesi
Zipatso zomwe zidapangidwa ndikudutsa pichesi, maula ndi apurikoti wotchedwa Sharafuga, ndipo ali ndi makhalidwe awa:
- Mtundu wa chipatso umafanana ndi maula ndipo uli ndi utoto wofiirira-lilac;
- mawonekedwewo ndi ozungulira kwambiri, ofanana ndi apurikoti, koma kukula kwa chipatsochi kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi pichesi;
- zamkati ndi zowutsa mudyo komanso zotsekemera, kukoma kwake ndi kuphatikiza maula ndi apurikoti. Mwalawo ndi wozungulira, wosiyanitsidwa bwino.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mbewu za haibridi
Wosakanizidwa ndi chomera chomwe chimapezeka podutsa mitundu ingapo kapena mbewu. Monga chomera china chilichonse, ali ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa.
Ubwino wa hybrids:
- Maonekedwe a zipatso za mbewu zotere ali pafupi kukhala abwino, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kukula kwake. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosakanizidwa ndizosangalatsa m'maso. Izi ndichifukwa choti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imachita kuyesedwa ndi zolakwika, posankha zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri.
- Zokolola zidzakhalabe zapamwamba.
- Kukaniza bwino matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo poyerekeza ndi mitundu yoyera.
- Zomera zimadzipangira mungu, kotero zimatha kulimidwa popanda kuda nkhawa kuti zichitike bwanji.
- Kuphatikiza apo, ma hybridi amakhala ndi kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana, ndipo kuwadya kumatha kudzaza kwambiri chakudya.
Zoyipa za haibridi:
- Simungapeze mbewu kuchokera ku mbewu za haibridi.
- Zomera zoterezi ndizosafunikira pakukula.
- Amatha kukula m'nthaka yachonde, ndiye kuti chomeracho chidzafunika mitundu yambiri yamavalidwe osiyanasiyana.
- Zomera zosakanizidwa ndizosavuta kuthirira, sizimalekerera chilala komanso chinyezi chochulukirapo.
- Kutentha kwamphamvu kumatha kuwononga mbewuzo.
- Chosavuta china chidzakhala mtengo wa mbewu ndi mbande, hybrids ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mitundu yoyera ndi mbewu.
Mbali za kubzala ndi chisamaliro
Mukamabzala hybrids, muyenera kumvetsera pa mikhalidwe yapadera ya mbewu ndi mitundu. Komanso, pakati pa onsewa pali zokonda zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange mbeu zotere.
Momwe mungadzere
Olima wamaluwa odziwa amalangiza kubzala hybrids koyambirira kwamasika, kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yolimba ndikuzolowera chilengedwe nyengo yozizira isanayambike.
Kufika kumachitika magawo angapo. Nthaka iyenera kukhala chonde, lotayirira, madzi apansi ayenera kukhala pamtunda wa osachepera 1.5 mita kuchokera padziko lapansi.
Posankha tsamba ayenera kukonda mapiri athyathyathya, momwe mvula ndi chisanu chosungunuka sizingadzikundikire.
Pafupifupi sabata imodzi musanadzalemo, muyenera kukumba dzenje lofanana kukula kwa mizu ya chomeracho. Kwa mitengo ya haibridi, dzenjelo liyenera kukhala lalitali masentimita 80 ndikuzama.
Ndiye muyenera kukumba, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wopangidwa ndi:
- Zidebe 2 za humus kapena kompositi;
- 70 magalamu a superphosphate;
- 40 magalamu a feteleza wa potashi.
Poganizira izi hybrids amakonda nthaka yopanda ndale kapena yamchere, ndikuchuluka kwa acidity, dziko lapansi ndi laimu wokhala ndi 0,3 kilogalamu ya laimu pa mita imodzi.
Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti mupange ngalande kuchokera ku dothi kapena miyala pansi pa dzenje, zithandizanso kukutetezani ku chinyezi chochuluka.
Mizu ya mmera imayikidwa mu dzenje ndikuwongoleredwa pang'ono, kenako imakonkhedwa ndi nthaka yachonde.
Chomera chikadzalidwa, chimafunikira madzi ndi mulch wochulukakuti mupewe kutuluka kwamadzi nthawi yayitali.
Kukula
Popeza mbewu za haibridi ndizosavuta kuzisamalira, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kutengedwa pakukula.
Zovala zapamwamba - haibridi imafuna kwambiri nthaka ndi nthaka, choncho iyenera kumangidwa munthawi yake mosamalitsa:
- kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, chipale chofewa chonse chikasungunuka, feteleza wa nayitrogeni monga urea kapena ammonium nitrate amathiridwa m'nthaka. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndi magalamu 25 pa mita imodzi mita;
- Mwamsanga mutatha maluwa, kuvala masamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri feteleza wama micronutrient amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala "Kemira-universal". Njirayi imabwerezedwa katatu komanso pakadutsa masiku 10-15;
- kugwa, dothi lozungulira chomeracho limakumbidwa ndipo zidebe ziwiri za humus, kompositi kapena slurry zimayambitsidwa.
Kuteteza tizilombo - Kulimbana ndi ma hybrids ku matenda osiyanasiyana kapena tizilombo kumathandiza kuti asamachite zina zowonjezera. Zikhala zokwanira kuti mudulidwe komanso kuyeretsa mitengo ya haibridi panthawi yake.
Zomera zophatikiza osalekerera kuuma komanso chinyontho chambiri cha nthakaChifukwa chake, njira yabwino yothirira iyenera kupangidwa, poganizira zofunikira za nyengo, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, chinyezi chamlengalenga ndi zina.
Ambiri amalakwitsa, amasokoneza zomera zosakanizidwa ndi zomwe zasinthidwa. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosakanizidwa sizimavulaza thupi ndipo ndizotsatira zakudutsa mbewu ziwiri mwachilengedwe.
Zipatso zoterezi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, koma, mwatsoka, ndizosavuta komanso zosasamala za chisamaliro cha nthaka.