Amaluwa ambiri am'madzi samadziwa kuti kulibe nkhaka zamtchire. Kutalika kwa zimayambira kwawo kumangofika masentimita 30-50 okha. Kusamalira chikhalidwe chotere ndikosavuta, nthawi yakucha ndi yochepa. Mutha kuzindikira ngakhale mbewu zotere ndi mayina awo: Baby, Kustovoy, Korotyshka, etc. Nkhaka Malysh ndi yotchuka m'malo athu, zipatso zake zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse. Malongosoledwe ndi mawonekedwe amitundu iyi amapezeka pansipa.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a nkhaka zosiyanasiyana Kid
Nkhaka zamtunduwu ndizamitundu yakukhwima koyambirira, zipatso zimapsa patatha masiku 40 kumera. Kutalika kwa chikwapu kumangofika masentimita 30-40 okha, zipatso - mpaka 9 cm... Khungu lobiriwira lakuda limakhala lolimba mopindika.
Chomeracho chimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, chomwe chimalola kuti chitha kulimbana ndi matendawa, matenda a nkhaka komanso matenda ena. Zokolola sizimaphwanya mbiri, koma khola, 2-2.5 makilogalamu amatha kuchotsedwa pachitsamba chimodzi (pafupifupi 40-45 zelents). Kuchuluka kwa mtundu umodzi wapakatikati ndi magalamu 80-90.
Mitundu ya Malysh idapangidwa ndi obereketsa oyambitsa Volgograd station yoyeserera VNIIR.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Mitundu ya Malysh yayamikiridwa kale ndikukondedwa ndi wamaluwa oweta. Pakuwunika kwawo zakuthupi ndi zikhalidwe za ndiwo zamasamba zokulitsa, zabwino izi nthawi zambiri zimawunikiridwa:
- kopitilira muyeso kukhwima msanga, kumera bwino;
- wokondeka mikhalidwe ya kukoma popanda kuwawidwa mtima;
- kugwiritsa ntchito konsekonse (mwatsopano komanso kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu);
- zipatso kutengeka bwinokusunga ulaliki;
- m'dera laling'ono chimakwanira tchire zambiri;
- kufupikitsa kutalika kwa tsinde imakupatsani mwayi wosuntha pakati pamizere osawopa kuwononga nthambi kapena zipatso;
- Kutalika alumali moyo osatayika (masiku 10);
- kukana kwabwino pamaso pa tizirombo ndi matenda.
Chikhalidwe sichikhala choperewera, chachikulu chomwe chimakhala fruiting. Kukolola kumalimbikitsidwa tsiku lililonse kuti nkhaka zisapitirire.... Chikhalidwe chimakondanso madzi kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kuswa boma lothirira. Mitundu ya Malysh imabzalidwa kumtunda kokha, zomwe zimachepetsa njira zolimerera.
Zofunika panthaka yobzala
Nthaka ya nkhaka za Malyshok ndi yopepuka, yopanda acid. Kukonzekera kwa malo ogona mabedi kuyenera kuchitika kugwa. Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa bwino komwe kuli. Iyenera kukhala yoyatsa bwino komanso yopuma mpweya wabwino. Ngati pali mitengo yayitali pafupi, ndiye kuti kumeta pang'ono sikusokoneza nyengo yokula ndi zipatso. Oyang'anira akale ndi awa:
- tomato;
- mbatata zoyambirira;
- chimanga;
- nandolo.
Pambuyo pa zukini, dzungu, sikwashi, adyo, sizoyenera kulima nkhaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthaka.
Malo omwe mabedi amayenera kukumbidwa ndikupanga manyowa munthawi yomweyo (chidebe pa 1 m2)... Njira ina ndikuthira nthaka ndi mchere wa potaziyamu (25 g) ndi superphosphate (40 g). Ntchito ya masika imatsagana ndikukumba kwa tsambalo ndikukhazikitsa ammonium nitrate m'nthaka (15-20 magalamu pa 1 m2).
Mitundu ya mchenga ndi loamy imawerengedwa kuti ndi dothi loyenera kulimidwa nkhaka.
Kufesa malamulo
Mbewu za kubzala zakonzedwa pasadakhale. Ayenera kusankhidwa ndikuviika kwa mphindi 20 mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate yophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pambuyo pochita izi, mbewu imatsukidwa m'madzi oyera ndikuuma. Mbeu zisanabzalidwe, ziyenera kukulungidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza kuti zimere. Ndikofunikira panthawiyi kuonetsetsa kuti nsaluyo imakhala yonyowa.
Mbeu zokonzeka zimabzalidwa molingana ndi chiwembu:
- mtunda pakati pa mizere pali 45 cm;
- mpata pakati pa mabowo - 25 cm;
- kuya kumiza mbewu - 3 cm.
Mukabzala, bedi limakutidwa ndi kanema yemwe samachotsedwa mpaka mphukira ziwonekere. Nyengo yovuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiphimbe mphukira zomwe zikubuka usiku kuti zisazizire pakagwa chisanu.
Pofuna kukolola msanga kumadera ozizira, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira yobzala nkhaka. Pachifukwachi, mbewu zokonzedwa (zothiridwa mu yankho la nitrophosphate) zimafesedwa kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi m'makapu osiyana omwe ali ndi gawo la peat, humus ndi nthaka. Muthanso kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni ndi nitrophoska (supuni 1.5 pa chidebe chilichonse cha osakaniza). Pambuyo pa masamba 4-5 atapangidwa pa mbande, mutha kuzisamutsa kuti zizitseguka.
Ndikofunika kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kukhale pamwamba + 16-18 ° С masana. Usiku, ndi bwino kubisa bedi ndi agrofibre koyamba kuti muteteze zomera ku kuzizira.
Mukamabzala mbande m'mabedi, muyenera kusamutsa chitsamba chilichonse mdzenje limodzi ndi gawo lapansi. Mizu imakula bwino mu mphukira zazing'ono, imawonongeka mosavuta ikasamalidwa mosasamala.
Kusamalira mosiyanasiyana mutabzala
Kupalira ndi kumasula nthaka panthawi yake kumathandizira pakukula, chifukwa chake muyenera kuchotsa udzu pafupipafupi... Malo oyandikana nawo amatha kuwononga mizu ya mbande, kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu. Aeration ndi gawo limodzi la chisamaliro chabwinobwino; kusowa kwa mpweya kumafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi, ndikupangitsa kuti chisatengeke ndi matenda.
Nkhaka amakonda madzi, mitundu ya Malysh ndizosiyana. Ndi bwino kuthirira tchire ndi vuto lofooka, mtsinje wamphamvu umaulula mizu, chifukwa chake chomeracho chimauma. Mitundu yothirira yotsatirayi imadziwika kuti ndi yabwino:
- kukonkha;
- kukapanda kuleka dongosolo.
Kuchuluka kwa njira kamodzi patsiku, ndipo pakapanda mvula, chinyezi chimachitika kawiri.
Mitundu yokhala ndi nyengo yakucha msanga imadziwika ndi zomera zazikulu. Izi zikufotokozera zakufunika kothirira pafupipafupi ndikuyambitsa njere zapansi. Gawo loyamba limayambitsidwa nyengo isanakwane, zomwe zimatsatira - masiku khumi aliwonse. Yankho limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, chomwe chimakonzedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zotsatirazi:
- chidebe chamadzi;
- supuni ya tiyi ya urea, potaziyamu sulphate, superphosphate;
- kapu ya mullein (kusasinthasintha kwa mushy).
Njira ina yopangira mullein ndi yaumunthu (supuni 1 pa chidebe chamadzi). Feteleza ndi oyeneranso:
- Wopatsa mkate;
- Chiberekero;
- Zolemba;
- Zothandiza.
Olima wamaluwa odziwa zambiri amachenjeza oyamba kumene za zolakwitsa zomwe zimachitika ndikamakula nkhaka zamtchire:
- Mukamapanga masamba 6-7 kutsina nsonga pa nthambi kuti apange nthambi ina. Pankhani ya nkhaka, Kid, njirayi imawonedwa ngati yopepuka.
- Sikoyenera kuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa mabowo mukafika, kukulitsa kumapangitsa kuvunda... Kuphatikiza apo, nkhalango zimakhala zokopa tizilombo.
- Mukamamera mbande, m'pofunika masabata 1-2 Limbikitsani mbewu musanasamuke kupita kumtunda... Kupanda kutero, adzagwa pakama mphepo yoyamba.
- Kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi nthaka. Pewani kuchepa kwa madzi mmenemo, apo ayi zitsogolera kuwonongeka kwa mizu.
- Ngakhale mitundu yosagwirizana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, simuyenera kubzala mbewu chaka chilichonse pamalo omwewo.
Matenda ndi kupewa kwawo
Nthawi zambiri, nkhaka zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungal. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka kapena mbewu. Monga njira yodzitetezera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthira mbewu musanadzalemo. mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate. Muthanso kuthirira mabedi amtsogolo nawo. Pachifukwa ichi, njira ya saline ndiyofunikanso (galasi 1 pa chidebe chamadzi).
Matenda otsatirawa amadziwika kuti ndi owopsa pachikhalidwe:
- imvi zowola;
- zoyera zoyera;
- nkhaka zithunzi;
- malo a azitona;
- mizu zowola.
Kuwunika pafupipafupi, chisamaliro choyenera komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu pakawonekera zizindikiro zoyambirira zowononga mbewu zidzathandiza kuteteza mbewuyo ku imfa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chitsamba chathanzi komanso cholimba chimatetezedwa ku matenda kuposa mphukira zofooka. Muyenera kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira ndi zakudya zapanthawi yake... Zakudya za m'nthaka zimadzaza nkhaka ndi zinthu zothandiza.
Mukamakula nkhaka, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu okwanira. Koma nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono.
Malamulo okolola ndi kusunga
Pa tsiku la 39 mpaka 40 pambuyo poti mbande zibaluke padziko lapansi, nthawi yokolola imafika. Nthawi yomalizira ikugwa theka loyamba la Julayi. Kukhwima kwakukulu kumakupangitsani kuyendera mabedi tsiku lililonse. Kubala zipatso mwachangu kumatha milungu iwiri... Masamba omwe adakololedwa amasungidwa m'malo ozizira kwa masiku 10 ngati kuli kofunikira. Munthawi imeneyi, zipatso sizimataya mawonekedwe awo ndikuwonetsera.
Chitetezo cha zokolola chimakhudzidwa ndi njira yochotsera chipatsocho. Ndikofunika kusiya mchira wawung'ono pamasamba osawononga khungu.... Nthawi yomweyo, zimayambira siziyenera kuti zitembenuzidwe, makamaka kuti zisunthike mbali kuti zizindikire zobiriwira.
Malamulo osavuta osamalira ndi kukana nkhaka kumatenda amakulolani kuti mulimitse mbewu kumadera osiyanasiyana nyengo. Ndipo nyengo yakucha msanga imatsimikizira zokolola zambiri.