Anthu ambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe mwina adakhumudwitsidwa kangapo chifukwa chakulephera kwa mavwende m'minda yawo. Mutha kusangalala ndi kukoma kwa mabulosi okoma kwambiri ngati mungaganizire upangiri wa akatswiri ndi odziwa ntchito zamaluwa. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana funso loti ngati ndizotheka kubzala mavwende kunyumba, momwe zimasamalirira, komanso kangati muyenera kuthira manyowa ndi kudyetsa kuti mukolole bwino.
Kodi ndizotheka kulima mavwende kunyumba komwe kuli kutchire?
Kulima mavwende m'munda mwanu si kovuta monga kumawonekera. Padziko lonse lapansi, kubzala kumachitika m'njira zingapo:
- mbewu;
- mmera.
Kufesa ukadaulo mwachindunji kumunda kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo otentha mdzikolo. Dothi likangotentha mpaka + 12 ° С, kukonzekera kwa mbeu kubzala kumayamba. M'madera ovuta kwambiri nyengo, kulimidwa koyambirira kwa mbande ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, zipatso zomangidwa pa tsinde sizikhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse chilimwe chisanathe.
Chinsinsi cha kulima mavwende kutchire ndi mitundu yoyenera ya mitundu, zomwe zikukula zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nyengo.
Musanadzalemo, muyenera kusiyanitsa mbeuyo ndi kukula, kuchotsa mbewu zomwe zawonongeka. Kukula (kusanja) kumathandizira kugawanika m'magulu kutengera kukula kwake kuti zitsimikizire kukula kwa mphukira. Kupanda kutero, mphukira zamphamvu sizimalola zazing'ono kukula.
Palinso njira ina yokonzekera yomwe wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito panjira yapakati. Uku ndikufalikira, komwe kumakhala kuwonongeka kwadala kumtunda kwa mbewu kuti ikulitse kukula. Ndikokwanira kupaka mphuno pa sandpaper yabwino. Poterepa, chinthu chachikulu sikuti muchite mopambanitsa.
Gawo loyenera ndikutenthetsa mbewu. Kuti achite izi, amasungidwa mu thermos ndimadzi otentha (+ 50 ° C) pafupifupi theka la ola. Njira zonse zamagetsi zimafulumizitsidwa chifukwa cha kutentha.
Disinfection amadziwika kuti ndi gawo limodzi la kukonzekera. Zinthuzo zimasungidwa mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate pafupifupi mphindi 20. Pambuyo pake, imatsalira kuti iume pansi pazachilengedwe (osagwiritsa ntchito uvuni kapena batri).
Mitengo yotchuka kwambiri ya mavwende yobzala ku Russia, Ukraine ndi Belarus
Mukamasankha mitundu ya mavwende, amakonda kupatsa mitundu yoyambirira komanso yapakatikati. Mosasamala komwe mudzabzala mavwende: ku Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, muyenera kusankha mtundu wa chivwende chomwe chingakhale choyenera ndipo chidzakhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse m'malo amenewa.
Shampeni yapinki
Nthawi yamasamba imatha masiku 80-95. Kulemera kwake kwa mwana wosabadwayo kumafika makilogalamu 5-7. Zamkati ndi pinki yakuya, yowutsa mudyo yokhala ndi mawonekedwe okoma kukumbukira uchi. Khungu ndi lobiriwira mdima wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yachikaso, makulidwe apakatikati. Chomeracho sichodzichepetsa, chimalekerera chinyezi bwino.
Catherine F1
Nthawi yobzala - masiku 58-62, kulemera kwa mabulosi - 7-8 makilogalamu. Chovala chogwiritsa ntchito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zinthu kuti zipse msanga. Masamba akulu ndi zimayambira zimalepheretsa mizu kuti isapse ndi dzuwa. Wosakanizidwa amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha shuga wambiri komanso wandiweyani, koma wosakhwima wa mnofu wofiyira.
Mphatso Kumpoto
Zipatso zimapsa m'masiku 75-85 ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 10-11 kg. Chomeracho sichimabala zipatso zambiri, koma chimabala zipatso modekha. Mabulosi ofiira ofiira owoneka bwino ndi okometsera komanso otapira ndi mavwende okoma. Khungu liri ndi utoto wambiri, makulidwe ake ndi ochepa. Zosiyanasiyana sizikhala ndi matenda komanso chinyezi. Mbewuzo zimasungidwa bwino ndikunyamulidwa.
Nelson F1
Mitunduyo ndi yamtundu wakukhwima woyambirira, chipatso chimapsa m'masiku 65 okha. Maonekedwe a mabulosiwo ndi otambalala, utoto wake umakhala ndi mizere ndi kusinthasintha kwa matanthwe obiriwira achikaso. Pafupifupi chivwende chimalemera makilogalamu 12-14. Tsabola wofiira ndi wowutsa mudyo komanso wofatsa wokhala ndi shuga wambiri.
Libya F1
Kuyambira pomwe mbande zimabzalidwa, chipatso chimapsa pakatha masiku 62-65, chomwe chimatanthauza mtundu wapakatikati. Mabulosi akilogalamu khumi ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, olumikizidwa pang'ono ndi mnofu wofiira komanso kukoma kokoma modabwitsa. Chomeracho chimasinthidwa kukhala nyengo yanyengo yapakatikati. Mwa mitundu ina, ndiye mtsogoleri wazokolola, kugulitsidwa komanso chitetezo cha zipatso.
Malamulo obzala mbewu pamalo otseguka
Musanabzala mbewu za mbande kunyumba, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzidziwe bwino za mavwende akukula panja. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupeza zokolola zabwino, poganizira nyengo.
Kusankha mbewu zoti mubzale kunyumba
Mbeu ziyenera kukhala zathanzi popanda kuwonetsa kuwonongeka. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti azikonda ma hybridi omwe sangatengeke ndi matenda ambiri, osagonjetsedwa ndi masoka achilengedwe, komanso nyengo yayitali yokula.
Kukonzekera kwa Inoculum kumaphatikizapo izi: kuyerekezera, kutentha ndi kuteteza matenda m'thupi. Kufalikira ndikosankha.
Musanadzafese, mutha kumera nyembazo pang'ono pomangiriza mu nsalu yonyowa. Pambuyo pa 1-3, mphukira idzatuluka kuchokera ku spout. Chinthu chachikulu panthawiyi ndikuti tisalole kuti chopukutira chiume. Ndiye mutha kuwabzala panthaka molingana ndi mtundu winawake.
Kukonzekera kwa nthaka kufesa
Chikhalidwe sichilekerera kuziika, choncho, nthaka iyenera kukonzekera kusamutsidwa pambuyo pake ndi mphukira mdzenje. Pachifukwa ichi, dothi losalala limatsanuliridwa mumphika kapena chidebe china. Mavwende ndi mipesa imakula bwino m'nthaka yolimbikitsidwa ndi humus ndi peat. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuthira feteleza pasadakhale. Ngati kuchuluka kwa dziko lapansi kuli kotalika, mchenga, peat uyenera kulowetsedwa mmenemo. Musaiwale za michere: superphosphate, phulusa lamatabwa, ndi zina zambiri.
Kubzala: Kodi mtunda wina ndi mzake uyenera kubzalidwa pansi?
Mbeu zimabzalidwa panja pasanafike pa 20 Meyi, nyengo yotentha ikamayamba kutentha kumakhala + 14 ° C ndi kupitirira apo. Mbewu zimabzalidwa mbande mu theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Mu mphika umodzi wokhala ndi masentimita 10 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 12-14, njere ziwiri pamasentimita atatu zimayikidwa. Mukatha kumera, muyenera kusiya mphukira yamphamvu, ndikuchotsa inayo. Zomwe zimayambira pakumera kwabwino kwa zinthuzo:
- kuthirira pang'ono;
- kutentha boma + 25-30 °;
- kusowa kwa zojambula;
- kuunikira kwabwino.
Pazifukwa zabwino, mphukira idzawonekera pakatha masiku 6-8. Komanso, kutentha kumatsikira mpaka 18 ° mpaka mapangidwe a mphukira wa masentimita 4-5. Mukachotsa mmera wofookayo, mutha kukulitsa mawonekedwe mpaka 25 °.
Nthawi yosamutsira kumunda, mphukira iyenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera 4 (masiku 30-35 masiku). Masiku 5-7 musanafike, mbande zimayenera kuthiriridwa pang'ono ndipo kutentha kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa osapitirira 20 °.
Ndi bwino kumuika m'mawa, choncho kuthirira miphika madzulo. Ndikofunikanso kuthana ndi mphukira ndi yankho la 1% la madzi a Bordeaux. Mmera umasunthidwa mu dzenje ndi dothi ndikukulitsidwa m'masamba a cotyledon. Kutalikirana pakati pa tchire ndi 70-100 cm.
Momwe mungasamalire mutabzala pamalopo?
Mphukira zazing'ono zimafunikira chitetezoChifukwa chake, mutapanda, bedi limakutidwa ndi kanema. Muyenera kupititsa pogona pafupipafupi kuti mvula isagundike. Mutha kuchotsa chitetezo chonse mu Juni.
Pofuna kukopa njuchi kuti zitsitsimutse, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu za uchi pafupi ndi mavwende. Ngati mvula imagwa nthawi yakunyamula mungu, muyenera kutero pamanja
Malamulo othirira
Mavwende ndi magulu amakonda chinyezi, koma simuyenera kupitilira ndi kuthirira. Ndikokwanira kuthirira mabedi kamodzi pa sabata. Kutsegulidwa kwa maluwa achikazi pa chomeracho, chinyezi chimachepa. Zipatso zitapangidwa, kuthirira sikofunikira.
Mavalidwe apamwamba ndi feteleza wa mavwende
Pambuyo masiku 12, mbande zimafunika kudyetsedwa ndi zosakaniza. kutengera mullein wofesa (magawo 10 amadzi ndi gawo limodzi la manyowa). Patatha milungu ingapo, chakudya chachiwiri chowonjezera chimayambitsidwa ndikuwonjezera superphosphate (50 g pa lita imodzi ya yankho), ammonium sulphate (15 g), potaziyamu sulphate (30 g) ku mullein.
Zolemba zapansi zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula mbewu panja.
Kubereka
Chikhalidwe chimafalikira mothandizidwa ndi mbewu. Mwachilengedwe, izi zimathandizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira a mabulosi. Pambuyo pokolola, imatseguka ndipo mbewu zimatuluka pamodzi ndi msuzi. Eni ake achangu, akudya chivwende chokoma, amatsuka njere zakuda m'madzi oyera ndikuumitsa. Sungani firiji m'malo ouma mpaka nyengo yotsatira, pambuyo pake amakula mbande kapena osakhala mbande.
Momwe mungamere mavwende m'munda: zolakwitsa zazikulu
Pofuna kuti musabwereze zolakwitsa za wamaluwa ena, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzidziwe bwino kwambiri.
- Kupereka zokonda zamtundu wina kapena zina, Ndikofunika kuphunzira nthawi yakucha ya mabulosi. Mitengo yapakatikati komanso mochedwa iyenera kutayidwa, ngakhale atakhala ndi kukoma kotani.
- Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimaponyedwa m'nthaka yolimba. M'malo otere, chomeracho sichikula bwino. Dongo kapena nthaka yolemera iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi mchenga ndi peat kuti nyumbayo isasunthike. Muyenera kubzala mbewu kutali kwambiri.
- Simuyenera kusankha chiwembu chodzala ndi udzu wosatha wa vwende. Burian idzakhwimitsa mphukira zazing'ono, kuilepheretsa kufalikira ndi kufalikira.
- Malingaliro ena okhala m'nyengo yachilimwe kuti chivwende chimakonda mthunzi pang'ono amaonedwa kuti ndi olakwika. Kubzala pansi pa mitengo ndi tchire sikulola kuti mabulosiwo akhwime, chikhalidwe chimakonda dzuwa.
- Kulima mavwende popanda mankhwala kwa tizirombo ndi matenda kumabweretsa kukayika pakupeza zokolola zambiri.
- Kuperewera kwa michere m'nthaka kumachepetsa nthawi yobala zipatso komanso zipatso zake. Mabulosi amafunikadi kuvala bwino ndi feteleza.
Tizilombo ndi mavuto akukula mavwende
Chikhalidwe chimayambukiridwa ndimatenda omwewo monga nkhaka. Ndi:
- peronosporosis;
- ascochitis;
- powdery mildew;
- anthracnose.
Pakukula, njira zodzitetezera zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbewu zamatungu: Ordan, colloidal sulfure, Abiga-Peak, HOM, ndi zina zambiri.
Mwa tizirombo timaonedwa kuti ndiwowopsa:
- nsabwe
- mbozi;
- dambo njenjete;
- amanyamula;
- ntchentche ntchentche.
Mukazindikira kupezeka kwa tizilombo kapena zinthu zina zofunika kuchita, musazengereze pokonza, mbewu zambiri kapena vwende onse amatha kufa. Ngati zinthu zachilengedwe sizinapereke zomwe zingafunike mutagwiritsa ntchito, tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tigwiritse ntchito: Tantrek, Aktaru, Decis, Fufanon.
Kukolola kolondola
Muyenera kuchotsa zipatso mumunda nthawi ina. Mukachita izi pambuyo pake, chivwende sichidzasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutalika pakati pa gawo loyamba la kukhwima ndi kukhwima kwathunthu ndi masiku asanu okha, motero ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye nthawi imeneyi. Mbewu yokololedwa moyenera siyimataya kukoma ndi kulimba kwa zamkati kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kupsa kwa chipatso:
- kuyanika kwa mchira;
- mapangidwe omveka bwino pa kutumphuka;
- kusowa kwa chikwangwani chofiirira;
- kupezeka kwa mawanga achikasu pamwamba pa mabulosi;
- kununkhira kumafanana ndi udzu wongomangidwa kumene;
- mukugogoda, kumveka mawu akulira.
Chizindikiro cha kuphulika kwa mabulosi ikhoza kukhala nthawi yakukhwima zipatso:
- mitundu yoyambirira - masiku 32-35;
- mitundu yapakatikati - masiku 40-45;
- mitundu yochedwa - masiku 50-53.
Ndizotheka kulima mabulosi okoma kwambiri patsamba lanu, atapatsidwa ma nuances onse ndi malamulo. Ngakhale mutakula mavwende ku Khabarovsk kapena Bashkiria.Chikhalidwe cha mavwende, ngakhale ndichopanda ulemu, chimafunikirabe chisamaliro. Khama ndi ntchito zidzapindula ndi zokolola zochuluka ndi mabulosi osweka kwambiri.