Matcheri ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali komanso chopatsa thanzi. Masiku ano, okonda ulimi wamaluwa ambiri amakonda kudzichepetsa ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi zipatso zamtengo wapatali. Mitundu ya Cherry Molodezhnaya imaphatikiza izi, zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Makhalidwe apamwamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Molodezhnaya
Mitundu yamatcheri ya Molodezhnaya idapangidwa ndi woweta Kh.D Enikeev limodzi ndi S.N. Saratova. Adadutsa mitundu iwiri yamatcheri limodzi: Lyubskaya ndi Vladimirskaya. Mu 1993, mitundu yodutsa yamatcheri yotsatira idalowetsedwa m'kaundula wa boma.
Mitundu yamatcheri iyi imakula m'chigawo chapakati komanso ku Urals. Achinyamata a Cherry amatha kukula ngati mtengo kapena chitsamba. Mtengo kapena chitsamba chimakula mpaka 2.5 mita kutalika... Masamba a mtengo kapena chitsamba amapanga mawonekedwe ozungulira, akugwera pang'ono. Masamba a kukula kwake, mtundu wobiriwira wowala.
Ma inflorescence a chomeracho amakhala ndi maluwa asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri, m'mimba mwake mulitali mwake ndi 1.8-3 masentimita.Maluwawo ndi oyera, ma stamens ndi pistil ndi ofanana kutalika, komwe kumalola kuti mbewuyo idzipukutire yokha.
Achinyamata amatanthauza mitundu yodzipangira chonde... Zosiyanasiyana izi zidzakusangalatsani ndi zipatso zake posachedwa. Kale mchaka chachinayi, mtengowo umayamba kubala zipatso. Ndipo patatha zaka zinayi, zipatso zamphamvu zimayamba, zomwe zimatha mpaka chomeracho chifike zaka 15-20.
Maluwa amayamba mkatikati mwa Meyi, ndipo pofika pakati pa Julayi mutha kukolola zipatso... Nthawi yobala zipatso, mtengo umodzi kapena mtengo umatha kutulutsa kuchokera ku 10 mpaka 12 kg ya zipatso.
Mitundu ya Molodezhnaya imakhala yolimba nthawi yozizira. Maluwawo amalimbananso pang'ono. Mitengo yamitunduyi imakhala yolimbana ndi matenda monga coccomycosis ndi moniliosis., komanso tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tambiri.
Nyengo yamvula ndi yotentha imayambitsa kukula kwa matenda mmera.
Kufotokozera za zipatso za chitumbuwa
Zipatso zimapangidwa pa nthambi za chaka chatha kapena maluwa.
Zipatso zimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma komanso kowawasa, wandiweyani, mnofu wofiyira wakuda... Kulemera kwawo kumafika magalamu asanu. Fupa laling'ono limasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zamkati. Zipatso zake ndizazitali. Zipatso zowirira sizigwirizana ndi mayendedwe komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina.
Mitundu yamatcheri yamitundu iyi imakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso ma organic acid, komanso phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Kukoma kwa zipatso kumayang'aniridwa ndi kukoma, kotero awo Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamchere... Zipatsozi ndizabwino kudya mwatsopano.
Makhalidwe abwino komanso oyipa
Achinyamata ali ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yabwino.
Izi zikuphatikizapo izi:
- kulolerana kwabwino ndi masamba; kutentha kwapansi;
- chomera kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal;
- zipatso ndizosavuta kunyamula, popeza ndizolimba kwambiri;
- kudziletsa kubereka kwamatcheri kumalola mungu wochokera kumadera oyandikana osakhala achonde;
- chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa ndi kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nyengo zowuma nthawi yotentha;
- zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mavitamini ochulukirapo, zimawunika, ma pectins.
Komabe, pamodzi ndi maubwino ake, mitunduyi ili ndi zina zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa mukamalimapo:
- Chaka chilichonse chomeracho chimayenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides popewa matenda osiyanasiyana;
- Ndikofunikira kusankha malo okwerera, chigwa ndichabwino ndi mphepo yamkuntho;
- Chaka chilichonse ndikofunikira kupanga feteleza wa phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu;
- kotero kuti pasakhale kuchuluka, chomeracho chiyenera kudulidwa pafupipafupi.
Zinthu izi sizisokoneza kufunika kwa Achinyamata.
Kulima yamatcheri amtunduwu komanso malamulo oyisamalira
Kuti chomeracho chikondweretse ndi zokolola zambiri, muyenera kumusamalira moyenerab. Kusankha malo komanso nthawi yokwera pamafunika gawo lalikulu.
Kodi ndibzala nthawi yanji komanso nthawi yanji?
Ndikofunika kusankha malo a chitumbuwa cha Molodezhnaya paphiri laling'ono, lomwe silikuwombedwa ndi mphepo ndipo nthawi yomweyo limalandira dzuwa lokwanira.
Nthaka yabwino kwambiri yokula ana ndi mchenga wamchenga wopanda acidity.
Ndikofunika kubzala mbande mwina kumayambiriro kwa masika, kapena kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira (kumapeto kwa Seputembala). Chifukwa chake chomeracho chimazolowera kuzizira kwanyengo ndipo chimakhala chodutsa bwino kwambiri. Masiku obzala pambuyo pake amachulukitsa chiopsezo kuti mbeu singalandiridwe.
Magawo obzala mmera:
- Kumbani dzenje pafupifupi masentimita 80 m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 40 mpaka 50 kuya. Ikani mavalidwe apamwamba pansi pa dzenje, momwe mulinso: manyowa, nayitrogeni ndi mankwala. Chomera chokhala ndi mizu yowonongeka sayenera kubzalidwa - ndibwino kuzidula pang'onopang'ono. Kuvala pamwamba kumathandiza mmera kukhazikika bwino komanso mwachangu.
- Mosamala ikani mizu yazomera mdzenje ndi kuwaza ndi nthaka.
- Kuzungulira mozungulira mmera womwe mukufuna pangani dzenje... Kuyipaka ndi humus, utuchi, njerwa zazing'ono kapena dothi lokulitsa. Chifukwa chake mukamwetsa, madziwo amasunga ndi kudyetsa mizu ya mbewuyo.
Ndikofunika kuti poyamba dothi lomwe lili pafupi ndi mmera lisaume komanso lotayirira.
- Isanafike yoyamba fruiting, m'pofunika Chithandizo cha laimu zomera.
Mukamabzala mmera wazaka ziwiri, ndiyenera kudula... Choyamba, mphukira zonse zomwe zimafalikira pamakona a madigiri 90 kuchokera panthambi zimadulidwa. Chotsatira, "mafupa" a chomeracho afotokozedwa - nthambi zitatu zazikulu. Nthambi zonse zimadulidwa mozungulira nthambi zikuluzikulu, kupatula zomwe zimachokera pakona "thunthu".
Malamulo osamalira Cherry
Ngakhale chitumbuwa ndi chomera chosadzichepetsa. Kuti mukolole zochuluka, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena posamalira izi.
- Ndikofunika kuchita chithandizo ndi mankhwala apadera a fungicidal pachaka... Izi ndikuteteza chomera ku matenda osiyanasiyana a mafangasi. Ndikofunika kuyankha nkhaniyi mosamala kwambiri ngati mtengo womwe uli kale ndi kachilombo umakula pafupi ndi chitumbuwa.
- Ndikofunika kuyika zovala zapamwamba kumtunda... Kuti muchite izi, kumapeto kwa nyengo, muyenera kuthirira achinyamata feteleza wa nayitrogeni, komanso kugwa - ndi feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous. Kudyetsa kuchokera ku kompositi kapena manyowa kumathandizira pakukula ndikukula kwamatcheri.
- Pofuna kukonza zokolola, kudulira kuyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse... Nthambi zazitali kwambiri zimadulidwa ndipo nthambi zazing'ono zolimba komanso maluwa zimakula m'malo mwake. Zipatso zimapezeka posachedwa panthambi izi. Ndi bwino kusunga kutalika kwa mbewuyo kuyambira 2 mpaka 2.5 mita. Izi zithandizira kuchuluka ndi zipatso zake.
- Njira zodulira nthambi ndi nsonga zamatcheri perekani kuwunika kowonjezera kwa dzuwa ndikupewa kukulitsa korona.
- Chomeracho chimakonda madzi ndipo chimafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse... Izi ndizowona makamaka nthawi yotentha.
Mukamwetsa, nkofunika kuti musalowerere pansi, chifukwa chinyezi chambiri chimakhudza Achinyamata.
- Pokonzekera chomera kuti nyengo yachisanu, chisamaliro chachikulu chiziperekedwa ku mizu. Pofuna kuteteza makoswe ndi kuzizira mizu yake imakutidwa ndi peat kapena moss.
Ngati malingaliro onse atsatiridwa, chomeracho chimakondwera kwanthawi yayitali ndi zokolola zazikulu komanso zokoma.
Momwe mungatolere ndikusunga yamatcheri
Kukolola kuyenera kuyambira pa makumi awiri a Julayi. Nthawi yobala zipatso imatha mu Ogasiti.
Kuti mabulosiwa azikhala oyera nthawi yayitali, ayenera kusankhidwa bwino. Zipatso zokha zokha ndizomwe zimatsalira kuti zisungidwe, popanda kuwonongeka kwakunja, mtundu wa phesi ndi wobiriwira... Phimbani chidebe chokonzekera (thireyi, bokosi) ndi pepala. Ikani zipatsozo pansi. Poterepa, zipatso zosanjikiza siziyenera kupitilira masentimita khumi. Chotsani chidebecho ndi zipatso ndikusunga mufiriji. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 0˚C ndi + 2˚C. Mwa mawonekedwe awa, zipatso zimasungidwa kwa milungu iwiri.
Ngati zipatsozo zasungidwa nthawi yomweyo, mashelufuwo adzawonjezeka kuyambira miyezi itatu mpaka isanu ndi umodzi.
Muthanso kupanga ma compote osiyanasiyana, kuteteza, kupanikizana kapena kupanikizana kwamatcheri ndikusangalala nawo chaka chonse.
Zomwe zimapezeka mu Molodezhnaya cherry zosiyanasiyana
- Ngakhale mutabzala mbeu imodzi yamtunduwu patsamba lino, zokololazo zidzapezeka m'milingo zana limodzi... Izi ndichifukwa choti amatha kudzipukutira payekha komanso maluwa ake amapangidwa bwino - pistil ndi stamens ndizofanana kutalika.
- Mukamabzala mmera ndi mizu yake, zokolola zidzakhala kale zaka 3-4... Ndipo ndikalumikiza bwino mtengo, zipatso zimatha kupangika kale kuposa nthawi imeneyi.
- Zabwino kwambiri kukana matenda osiyanasiyana a mafangasi.
- Mbali yoyipa ndikukula kwachangu... Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zosafunikira munthawi yake kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kusabisike.
Kuwonetsedwa kwamatcheri achichepere ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Achinyamata, mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yamatcheri, amalimbana ndi matenda a fungal.
Matenda owopsa pamitundu iyi ndi moniliosis.... Ndi matendawa, nthambi zimauma pang'onopang'ono. Poterepa, chomeracho chimatha kukhudzidwa ndi matendawa, kapena ziwalo zake.
Pokhazikitsa matendawa, m'pofunika kudula nthambi zonse zamatenda ndizolemba za 15-20 masentimita m'malo athanzi a nthambi. Nthambi zodulidwa ziyenera kutayidwa kuti zisawonongeke kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Achinyamata a Cherry amakonda kuwotchedwa monilial, yomwe imawonekera nthawi yamaluwa. Kuti muchiritse, m'pofunika kupopera masamba a chomeracho ndi yankho lapadera. Matendawa amafalikiranso mwachangu, chifukwa chake muyenera kuwunika mosamala mitengo yapafupi.
Masamba achikaso akaonekera pachomera chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kulipidwa. Makamaka ngati mtundu umasintha msanga ndipo masamba amasandulika. Izi zitha kutanthauza matenda kapena kusowa kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni m'nthaka.
Ndemanga zamaluwa okonda masewera aubwana
Vladimir: Zipatso za Achinyamata zakucha m'munda mwanga. Ndinkakonda kwambiri! Kukoma kwa zipatsozo kunandisangalatsa, kotsekemera kuposa wowawasa. Chokhacho chokha ndicho kutalika kwa chitsamba, masentimita 50 okha kuchokera pansi.
Nikolay: Kukula Achinyamata pafupi ndi Shokoladnitsa. Sindinawonepo zipatso zochuluka chonchi munyengo. Mitengoyi imakonkhedwa ndi yamatcheri!
Michael: Ndi zosiyanasiyana Molodezhnaya amadziwika bwino. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinthu zabwino. Chomeracho chimabala zipatso, chimadzipangira chonde, chimalekerera nyengo yozizira bwino. Zipatsozi zimapachikidwa pa tchire kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo sizimatha.
Mitundu yamatcheri Molodezhnaya ndiomwe amakonda kwambiri anthu ambiri okhala mchilimwe. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri chifukwa chobereka.... Amalimidwa ngakhale pamafakitale.
Mitengoyi ndi yayikulu, yokhala ndi zamkati zowirira komanso zowutsa mudyo, imasungidwa bwino ndikunyamulidwa.
Palibe zovuta zovuta pakulima kwa mitundu iyi. Ndikokwanira kungochita bizinesi ndiudindo komanso chikondi, ndipo zokolola zambiri zidzaperekedwa posachedwa.