Zimakhala zovuta kupeza munthu yemwe alibe chidwi ndi nkhaka. Zachidziwikire, ndiwo zamasambazi zimakhala zokoma kwambiri ngati wazilimira zokha ndikuzula m'munda ndi manja ake. Koma ndi mitundu iti yomwe mungasankhe kuti muchepetse nkhawa komanso chisangalalo chachikulu mukamagwiritsa ntchito? Mitundu ya nkhaka Zosangalatsa zimakwaniritsa izi.
Kufotokozera mwachidule ndi mawonekedwe a nkhaka zokongola
Malinga ndi ndemanga za owerenga athu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka yadzipezera ulamuliro woyenera. Amakula, monga lamulo, kutchire, kumene mwachilengedwe amawotchera mungu ndi tizilombo.
Kulima m'malo otentha kumalumikizidwa ndi kupukusa mungu kwazomera.
Makhalidwe abwino amatanthauza kukhwima msanga, yemwe amapirira molimba mtima zovuta zonse zakunyumba miyezi yachisanu.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mkati mwa masabata 6-9 mutabzala, chomeracho chimapanga nthambi 4-5 zoyambira, ndipo zimatheka kukolola mbeu yoyamba. Malinga ndi malongosoledwewo, zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola a ellipsoidal ndikufika kutalika 13 masentimita, kulemera mpaka magalamu 140.
Zamkati za nkhaka zakupsa zilibe kanthu, ndipo zimakhala ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zimapatsa kuwawa. Chipatsocho chimakhala ndi kukoma kosavuta komanso fungo lokoma la nkhaka.
Zabwino komanso zoyipa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Ubwino wa mitundu iyi ndi:
- kukana matenda akulu, kukana kwambiri majeremusi obzala;
- zosiyanasiyana zimasinthidwa kutsika kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kochepa, ndi zosagwira ozizira chikhalidwe;
- ali ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa komanso kukoma kwambiri;
- pakutha kwa Meyi, koyambirira kwa Juni, idzakondweretsa okonda ndiwo zake zatsopano, pafupifupi masiku 50 mutabzala mbewu panja;
- amathandizira pakuyendetsa mungu mitundu ina, amakhala chothandizira pakuyendetsa mungu;
- zokolola zovomerezeka mpaka 7 kg pa mita imodzi yamunda;
- suti yokwanira yokonzekera masaladi atsopano, koma siyimataya mawonekedwe ake mukamamata.
Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwama inflorescence amphongo, peel yolimba ya chipatso, yomwe imawonekera kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano.
Komanso ukadaulo waulimi umavuta mukamakula wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
Kukonzekera bedi lodzala
Kukonzekera kwa malo ndi nthaka yobzala nkhaka Zokongola sizimasiyana ndi zofunikira zoyambirira, komabe, kuti mukhale abwino
zokolola zimalimbikitsidwa kutsatira malamulo angapo okonzekera nthaka, ndipo osayiwala zakusintha kwabwino kwa mbeu.
- Monga mitundu ina, Wachisomo zithunzi zokongola komanso zosankha za chinyezi cha dothi ndi mpweya... Mabedi ayenera kupangidwa m'malo opanda mthunzi, opanda mphepo. Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito yobzala mbewu, pewani malo omwe mpumulo umatsikirako: kuzizira kumawunjikira m'malo otsika, omwe amawatsendereza.
- Nthaka yabwino kwambiri yobzala ndi loam ndi mchenga wa mchenga wothira bwino dothi losakanikirana ndi acidity kapena pang'ono acidity.
- Monga mitundu ina yambiri ya Chisomo imayankha bwino kwambiri poyambitsa zinthu zakuthupi, kotero, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamafuta kumathandizira pa zokolola.
- Malinga ndi malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbeu, nkhaka zimamvekera bwino m'malo omwe anyezi, kabichi, tomato, ndi mbatata zimabereka zipatso. Ndikosayenera kubzala nkhaka pambuyo pa zokolola za banja la dzungu: mavwende, mavwende, zukini ndi sikwashi.
- Manyowa pa mabedi a nkhaka amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito m'dzinja. Kutembenukira ku humus, imakhala michere yopezeka mosavuta pa mbeu iyi, yomwe imakhala ndi mizu yomwe ili kumtunda kwa dziko lapansi.
- Musanadzafese, mchaka, ndibwino kuti mupange manyowa 4 kg ya humus kapena manyowa. Nthawi yomweyo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa ngati cholowa m'malo mwa feteleza wa potashi, pamlingo wa magalamu 200 pa mita imodzi ya dera. Ngati ndi kotheka, kumayambiriro kwa masika, ammonium nitrate ndi superphosphate zimayambitsidwa m'nthaka 15 ndi 40 magalamu pa mita imodzi, motsatana.
- Kuchepetsa acidity wa nthaka, ayenera layimu... Tisaiwale kuti kupanga liming sikuyenera kutsatiridwa ndikutulutsa manyowa, chifukwa momwe zomwe zimapangidwira zimathandizira kuchepa kwa zinthu za nitrogeni. Ngati njira zotsutsana ndi acid zimachitika kugwa, ndiye kuti umuna umachitika mchaka.
Malamulo oyambira kubzala, kusamalira ndi kusunga
Chiwembucho chakonzedwa, timayamba kufesa nkhaka. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani njira yotsatsira - mbewu kapena mbande, ndikusunga malamulo awa:
- chodzala mbewu za mitundu ya nkhaka Mwachisomo, kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kotenthetsera maimelo ndi 15-18 madigiri;
- nthaka m'mabowo obzala imamasulidwa limodzi ndi michere yokhala ndi peat, humus, feteleza wamafuta ndi mchenga, ndipo imathiriridwa kwambiri ndi madzi ofunda;
- nthanga zimatsitsidwa mpaka dothi lokonzedwa bwino 1.5-2 masentimita, pambuyo pake bedi la m'munda limakulungidwa ndikudzazidwa ndi kanema wam'munda.
Kubzala mmera kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zokolola zochuluka ndikuchepetsa zoopsa.
Mbande zimabzalidwa panja, zikamapangidwa mu chomera Masamba 3-5 ndi kutentha kwapakati Madigiri 20... Mukamabzala mbande, kubzala zidebe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: nkhaka imalekerera kutuluka. Sitinyalanyaza njira yolimbitsa mbewu zazing'ono.
Kusamalira nkhaka zokoma ndichikhalidwe ndipo sikutanthauza kukonza kwa agrotechnical. Ndipo ili ndi:
- kuthirira mbewu nthawi ndi nthawi madzi ofunda ndi kumasula dothi lapamwamba;
- kuthirira zaka khumi zilizonse kumayendera limodzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa zovala zapamwamba;
- chitsamba cha ziphuphu 5-6 chimapangidwa ndikulekanitsa tsinde lalikulu pakati pa tsamba lachitatu ndi lachinayi;
- nthawi yachilimwe yogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira njira yowazazomwe zimakhudza njira ya photosynthesis;
- kalasi yopatsidwa osatengeka ndi matenda akulu, koma kuti mukhale otetezeka kwambiri, ndibwino kuti muzitha kupopera mankhwala mosamala milungu iwiri kapena itatu iliyonse.
Anakolola zipatso zokonzeka kale pamene zipsa, ndikupeza kukula kwake kosiyanasiyana. Simuyenera kudikirira kuti nkhaka ziyambe chikasu: zipatso za zipatso zomwe zimasankhidwa ndi kuchedwa zimakhala zopanda pake, nkhaka zimataya kukoma ndi kugulitsa.
Malo abwino osungira nkhaka watsopano ndi alumali m'munsi mwa firiji kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, m'malo awa amasungabe mwatsopano komanso thanzi lawo kwanthawi yayitali.
Musagwiritse ntchito phukusi losindikizidwa posungira: kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino kumathandizira kukulitsa kuyenera kwa amadyera ndikuwonongeka msanga.
Ubwino wa mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka ndiyowonekera. Tikukhulupirira kuti malingaliro athu azikhala ndi phindu pazokolola.