Kuti akolole bwino anyezi, wamaluwa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito seti zomwe zimamera kuchokera ku nthanga ngati zinthu zobzala. Kukonzekera kosavuta ndi kukonza musanadzale kudzathandiza kupeza mphukira zabwino ndikupanga chitetezo cha mbeu ku tizirombo kapena matenda. Njira zomwe zatengedwa zidzakhudzanso nyengo yokula ndi kapangidwe kamutu.
Musanabzala ndi kufesa pamalo otseguka, mbewu za anyezi ziyenera kukonzekera mwapadera - mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena zonunkhira, chepetsa pamwamba, kuchiza ndi phytosporin kuchokera ku bowa kapena kuchepetsa kuwombera.
Kodi ndiyenera kuphika nyemba za anyezi ndisanabzala panja
Olima munda wamaluwa amakumbukira nthawi zomwe kunalibe zokonzekera za anyezi wobzala. Amakhulupirira kuti anyezi ndi chomera chokwanira odzichepetsa, osasowa chidwi chapadera... Amangoyendetsa ndi mutu waukulu kuti achotse mababu owonongeka.
Ndi chilengedwe chamakono komanso kusinthasintha kwa nyengo m'malo osiyanasiyana, sikoyenera kulota kuti chikhalidwe chidzakula chokha.
Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lirilonse la kukonzekera limapatsa chodzala ndi zabwino:
- kukula kolimbikitsa;
- kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya owopsa ndi kupha tizilombo;
- kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira (kukana matenda angapo ndi tizirombo);
- kupewa kuwola kwa mpiru;
- kuwonjezeka kukana masoka achilengedwe.
Kukolola mbewu yochuluka ya anyezi kumadalira zambiri kuposa kudzikongoletsa koyenera. Gawo la mkango wopambana limadalira mtundu wakukonzekera mbeu yodzala.
Momwe mungadzalare mbande masika
Mutha kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha sevka kukana tizirombo ndi matenda mwakunyowa... Pali maphikidwe ambiri amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njira yobzala kale; mutha kupanga mosavuta ndikusankha njira yabwino.
Zida zotchuka zimaphatikizapo:
- mchere;
- potaziyamu permanganate;
- sulphate yamkuwa;
- zotupitsira powotcha makeke;
- ammonia;
- Birch tar.
Mdani wamkulu wa uta ndi anyezi ntchentche... Chithandizo cha mbande ndi mchere chimathandiza kupewa kuwukira kwa mabedi. Momwemonso adzapulumutsa chikhalidwe kuchokera ku thrips ndi nkhupakupa.
Ndipo polimbana ndi ma fungus spores, zatsimikizika bwino potaziyamu permanganate... Kulowetsa yankho lofooka kumathandizira kuwononga tizilombo pazobzala, chinthu chachikulu ndikutulutsa yankho munthawi yake.
Kuti mupeze mphukira zachangu, zopatsa mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chithandizo choyambirira kubzala chimathandizira kumera kwa mphukira masiku 3-6. Mwa njira zothandiza - mayankho a zircon ndi humate, "Energen".
Konzani bwino
Zinthu zobzala zimayamba kukonzekera nyengo yobzala kumapeto.
Pakasungidwa, kayendedwe ka kutentha kuyenera kuwonedwa ndipo chinyezi mchipindacho sichiyenera kukulitsidwa. Mpweya wabwino kapena mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse pewani kuwonongeka kwazomwe mwakhazikitsa. M'chaka, nthawi yomweyo musanadzalemo, anyezi amakonzedwa bwino.
Kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Sevok yobzala imagulidwa kapena imagwiritsidwa ntchito yakeyake, yolimidwa kuchokera ku nthanga za nigella. Ndikosatheka kuti muwone bwino kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa ma spores a fungal ndi mabakiteriya ena owopsa mmenemo, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite Ndondomeko ya disinfection.
Pali mankhwala ambiri komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zitha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi. Iliyonse ili ndi zabwino zake ndi zovuta zake, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa musanagwiritse ntchito.
Wamaluwa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yakale yotsimikizika yosinthira kubzala - zilowerereni mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 20-25... Njira inanso imagwiritsa ntchito saltpeter (2-3 magalamu), omwe amasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi ofunda.
Kuonjezera chitetezo chokwanira ndikuchotsa mabakiteriya owopsa, mwachizolowezi mchere... 5-6 supuni zamchere zimasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi, pambuyo pake kumizidwa kwa maola 4-5. Madzi amchere ocheperako amathiridwa panthaka pansi pa mabedi kuti apange tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Musagwiritse ntchito mopitirira muyeso mchere kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi. Izi zithandizira kuteteza zomera ku matenda, koma zidzawononga dothi kwanthawi yayitali. Ndibwino kuti muzitsatira nthawi imodzi.
Anyezi amateteza ku matenda a mafangasi ndi mankhwala Kulimbitsa thupi... Sakanizani magalamu 35 mumtsuko wamadzi. Fitosporin ndi mitu yokonzekereratu amizidwa m'madzi kwa mphindi 20-30.
Kulimbikitsa kukula
Kuti mbewu ikule mwachangu ndikupereka zokolola zabwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizithira ndi zopatsa mphamvu musanadzalemo. Njira yofikirika komanso yotchuka ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuniwolemera potaziyamu ndi antiseptics zachilengedwe.
Ndondomeko kuwonjezera pakukula mwachangu amaletsa kuwola zakuthupi pansi. Muyenera kuchepetsa 250 gr mu 5 malita amadzi. phulusa, ndiye kumiza anyezi mu yankho kwa mphindi 10. Kenako, aumitseni kwa maola 2-3.
Mankhwalawa amalimbana ndi ntchitoyi Epin-Zowonjezera... Onjezani kapisozi 1 kumadzi otentha mpaka madigiri 50. Nthawi yolowetsa mutu ndi mphindi 10-15. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina: Biostim, Silika... Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa mofanana ndi momwe akuwonetsera.
Mukamabzala anyezi musanafike nthawi yozizira ndikulimbikitsa, zinthuzo sizimakonzedwa.
Kuchepetsa mivi
Kukuwotha zofunikira kupewa mapangidwe oyambirira a mivi. Alimi ena amachita izi pansi pa dzuwa (kutentha kwa madigiri osachepera 20).
Ena amatumiza mbewu (mu katoni) ku batri, komwe, motenthedwa ndi kutentha osapitilira madigiri 40, zomwe zimabzalidwa zimasungidwa pafupifupi maola 10. Ndikofunika kuti musapangitse mopitirira muyeso kapena kutentha kwambiri anyezi.
Ngati palibe nthawi yotentha, ndipo nthawi yobzala yafika kale, mutha kuthira senchik anyezi ndi madzi otentha (pafupifupi 50 madigiri) kwa mphindi 15, pambuyo pake onetsetsani kuti mukuthirira ndi kuzizira. Kukonzekera mwachangu koteroko sikungathetseretu mivi, koma kuyimitsa nthawi yopanga.
Mukamayandama, tikulimbikitsidwa kumiza anyezi munjirayo mu gululi... Pamwamba pake, muyenera kuyika wothandizira pang'ono kuti sevok isayandikire. Ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolemera kwambiri, chifukwa zimawononga kukhulupirika kwa mitu, zomwe zimawononga zomwe zabzala.
Kukonzekera kusanachitike
Njira yokonzekera ili ndi magawo awa:
- kusanja zinthu zobzala;
- kuyanika;
- kutentha;
- akuwukha;
- kuyanika.
Mukamasankha, ndikofunikira osati kungochotsa mababu owonongeka, komanso kusanthula zinthu zoyenera kubzala. ndi kukula.
Ziphuphu zazikulu zimabzalidwa koyamba pamabedi, pambuyo pake zimatumizidwa m'nthaka, ndipo zazing'ono kwambiri zimamera mwachangu kuposa ena, ndiye kuti nthawi yawo ndi yomaliza.
Mwa kubzala mbande za m'mimba mwake mozungulira, Kukula kwa mmera kofananako komanso kutulutsa nthenga... Nawonso mizu yazipatso imapanga kukula kofanana, komwe kuli kosavuta kusunganso pambuyo pake.
Pambuyo pokwera, ndikofunikira kutsuka mbande m'madzi oyera, ndikusintha kawiri. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amatchulapo izi, ndipo wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri amasowa gawo ili.
Kodi ndiyenera kudula pamwamba pa anyezi musanadzalemo
Ngati kubzala kwakonzedwa m'dera laling'ono, ndiye kuti ndizomveka kuwonjezera njirayi podula mababu.
M'minda yayikulu, izi ndizovuta kudula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu. Kuchotsa pamwamba pamutu imathandizira kumera kwa mphukira ndipo imapangitsa nyengo yabwino kuzomera zabwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, kudulira kolondola kumapangitsa kuti njira yolowerera ikhale yothandiza; ndikosavuta kuti yankho lilowe pakati pamiyeso yamutu. Kukonzekera mokwanira kumachotsa zodabwitsa zosayembekezereka mukamabzala mbewu yayikulu.
Mukameta, musachotse gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Izi zithandizira kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zobzala kapena kupewa anyezi kumasula masamba.
Njira zopangira kudulira anyezi
Mukamakula anyezi nthenga kuchokera m'mitu yayikulu kudula 1/3 pamwamba... Izi zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuchotsa masambawo akafika msinkhu woyenera. Ngati cholinga chaukadaulo waulimi ndikupeza mizu, ndiye kuti mchira wokha uyenera kudulidwa osakhudza khungu loyera.
Mitundu ina (monga Msergey) imadulidwa mbali zonse ziwiri: onse pamwamba ndi pansi... Izi zachitika kuti muchepetse kukula ndikupanga mwachangu mizu. Kupusitsa kotere kumapereka zotsatira zake tsiku lotsatira, pomwe njira yakukula kwa mphukira yayamba kale. Pansi pouma, mizu imapangidwa pambuyo pake.
Malingana ndi ndemanga za wamaluwa wodziwa zambiri, mulimonsemo pali chifukwa chotsitsira gawo lokwera pamwamba. Ndizovuta kuti nthenga zitha kudutsa chotchinga, ichi ndi chinthu cholepheretsa zomera.
Titalemera zonse zabwino ndi zoyipa zakukonzekera sevka yobzala, titha kunena molimba mtima kufunikira kwa njirazi... Mtengo wa nthawi ndi ndalama zidzakhala zochepa, ndipo mababu ndi zokolola zonse zimawonjezeka kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali mwayi wopanga maphikidwe anu pokonzekera kubzala, kugawana nawo ndi zotsatira za momwe amagwiritsira ntchito ndi onse wamaluwa. Ngati cholinga chokula ndikupeza nthenga (amadyera), kukonzekera nthawi zambiri kumangokhala kungosanja.