Pakadali pano, mitundu ya ampelous ya zipatso zazikulu kwambiri imayamba kutchuka, zomwe zimapatsa zokoma komanso zokolola zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, zomerazi zimatha kukhala zokongoletsa zachilendo m'munda ndi kunyumba. Komabe mungatero! Kupatula apo, mabulosi amatha kubzalidwa kunyumba ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo maluwawo ndi a pinki yapadera.
Kodi sitiroberi ya ampelous ndi chiyani?
Dzina la mtundu uwu lidachokera ku Chijeremani, komwe mawu oti "ampel" amatanthauziridwa ngati nyali. Ndiye kuti, poyamba, zomerazi zimawoneka ngati zinthu zokongoletsa zomwe zimalimidwa mumiphika yamaluwa ndi miphika ndikuimitsidwa padenga ngati babu yoyatsa.
Ampel sitiroberi ili ndi zinthu zingapo, chifukwa chake wamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi amawakonda kwambiri:
- Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi mitundu ina ndikuti ma sitiroberi oterewa amabala zipatso pa peduncles ndi masharubu;
- Mitundu yambiri ya ampelous strawberries ndi remontant, choncho, zokolola zitha kupezeka nthawi yonse yokula;
- Gulu ili limaphatikizapo mitundu yolinganizidwa yolimidwa mozungulira, momwe mungakongoletsere nyumba yanu ndikupeza zipatso zokoma komanso zowutsa mudyo. Ngakhale anthu okhala m'mizinda amatha kulima mabulosi oterewa powaika pakhonde kapena pawindo;
- Mitundu yambiri imakula bwino mukawala kochepa.
Wamaluwa ambiri amatcha mtundu uwu wa sitiroberi wamaluwa wopindika, koma lingaliro ili ndilotsutsana kwambiri. Kuti masharubu a chomera ayambe kupota mozungulira zogwirizira, ayenera kumangidwa.
Zovuta zazikulu zomwe wolima dimba angakumane nazo ndizokhazikitsidwa payokha ndikusintha pafupipafupi:
- Pakukula mbande, ampelous strawberries amabzalidwa m'mabedi osiyana ndipo osasakanikirana ndi mitundu ina;
- pakatha zaka 2-3 zilizonse, chitsamba chikuyenera kubzalidwa m'nthaka yatsopano, yachonde yokhala ndi feteleza wambiri, apo ayi zipatsozo zimayamba kuchepa ndipo chomeracho chimatha kutaya zofunikira zake.
Mitundu yotchuka
- Tuscany - Mitunduyi idapangidwa posachedwa, koma idadziwika kale pakati pa wamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi. Tchire lokwanira, kutalika ndi mulifupi mwake ndi masentimita 25-30, kutulutsa mphukira zazitali, mita imodzi kukula kwake. Zokolazo ndizokwera kwambiri, zazikulu, zipatso zopangidwa ndi matope a ruby, zipatso zazitali zimakhala ndi kukoma komanso fungo labwino. Chomera choterocho chimakhala chokongoletsera paliponse, ndipo zipatso zake sizingasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi;
- Zokometsera zokometsera Palinso mitundu ina yokongoletsa yama strawberries ampelous yomwe imatha kubzalidwa m'miphika kapena miphika yapadera. Masamba obiriwira komanso owoneka bwino obiriwira amadyetsa zipatso zazing'ono zofiira. Ali ndi fungo labwino kwambiri komanso kukoma pang'ono;
- Mfumukazi Elizabeth 2 - chitsamba cha mitundu iyi ndi champhamvu kwambiri komanso champhamvu, zipatsozo ndizazikulu, kulemera kwake kumatha kufikira magalamu 40. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika, zimajambulidwa ndi utoto wofiyira, khungu limakhala losalala komanso lowala. Zamkati ndizolimba komanso zowutsa mudyo, kukoma kwake ndikwabwino. Zipatso zimatha kubwerezedwa mpaka 2-3 pachaka. Mfumukazi Elizabeth 2 imayenera kubzalidwa zaka 1.5 zilizonse;
- Cletter nyenyezi - Mitunduyi imadziwika chifukwa chokana chilala ndi chisanu, imatha nthawi yozizira yopanda pogona. Chitsamba ndichophatikizana, chimapanga ndevu zambiri. Ma peduncles ndi aatali, koma pansi pa kulemera kwa zipatsozo amagwada. Zipatsozo ndi zowutsa mudyo komanso zokoma, ndizokulirapo (mabulosi amodzi amatha kulemera mpaka magalamu 60). Khungu la sitiroberi ndi lofiira kwambiri ndipo thupi ndi lolimba. Kukhalapo kwa fungo lamphamvu ndizodziwika;
- Fresco - zipatso zimayambira kuyambira Juni mpaka Seputembara. Pachitsamba chaching'ono, chophatikizika, ma inflorescence ambiri amapangidwa, omwe amabweretsa zokolola zambiri. Zipatsozo sizokulirapo, kulemera kwake kwakukulu ndi magalamu 20. Amakhala ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kosawasa komanso fungo lolimba, mnofu ndi wolimba komanso wowutsa mudyo. Mitunduyi imalekerera kutentha kwambiri ndipo imadwala matenda ambiri.
Momwe mungamere mabulosi?
Ampel sitiroberi ndi chomera chachilendo chomwe chimalimidwa mumiphika kapena panja. Nthawi zambiri, pamapangidwa nyimbo zingapo zomwe zimatha kukongoletsa chipinda chilichonse kapena dimba. Mosasamala komwe ma sitiroberi amalimidwa, ndikofunikira kupanga dothi lachonde lokhala ndi:
- Magawo anayi adziko lapansi la sod;
- Magawo awiri a peat;
- Gawo limodzi mchenga wamtsinje wolimba.
Pofuna kukonza nthaka, imatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza musanadzalemo.
Pofuna kuti mbewuyo izizolowera mwachangu ndikukhazikika m'malo atsopano, isanachite ntchito yayikulu, mmerawo amaikidwa m'manda ndikuchotsedwa pamalo ofunda, amdima.
Nthawi zambiri, ampelous strawberries amabzalidwa mchilimwe, nthawi yomwe imakhala kuyambira pakati pa Juni mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Pali njira zingapo zoyikira shrub yosangalatsayi.
Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndikukula mabuloboti m'miphika yamaluwa kapena miphika:
- Kuti chomeracho chikhale chomasuka, kuya ndi kukula kwa beseni kuyenera kukhala masentimita 30;
- Poyamba, ngalande yocheperako imatsanulira pansi pamphika, wopangidwa ndi dothi lokulitsa, miyala kapena njerwa zosweka, kenako dothi limayikidwa pamwamba pake;
- Mmera umayikidwa mu chidebe, mokhathamira mwadothi ndi nthaka ndikuthirira mochuluka.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, masharubu adzatsika bwino. Amawoneka okongola kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa kapena zipatso.
Kukula kwam'madzi okwanira ampherous kutchire kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza njira zambiri zoyikiramo. Olima dimba ambiri amamangirira tinyanga ku trellis kapena mpanda wotsika. Lamulo lalikulu lomwe liyenera kuganiziridwa ndi kubzala koteroko liyenera kukhala mtunda pakati pa tchire, liyenera kukhala osachepera 30-35 sentimita.
Kuyenerera kwa piramidi kulinso kotchuka kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mabokosi atatu amapangidwa akuya masentimita 30 mpaka 40, pomwe kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwake ayenera kukhala mita imodzi, yachiwiri masentimita 60, ndi yachitatu masentimita 20. Zotulukazo zimadzazidwa ndi dothi ndikuziika pamwamba pa zinazo, pambuyo pake timabzala sitiroberi.
M'mabokosi oyamba ndi achiwiri, mbande zimayikidwa m'makona. Chitsamba chimodzi chokha cha sitiroberi chimatha kukwana pamwamba pake.
Mosasamala kanthu za chiwembu chodzala, gawo lomaliza lidzakhala kuthirira mbewu zambiri.
Kusamalira mbewu
Ampel sitiroberi amaonedwa ngati chomera chodzichepetsa, Chifukwa chake, kulima kwake kudzakhala m'manja mwa wolima dimba komanso katswiri. Komabe, chikhalidwe ichi chimakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa ndikamakula. Choyamba, ziyenera kudziwika kuti zomera zotere sizimalola kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, chifukwa chake, masiku otentha kwambiri, amafunika kuti aziphimbidwa.
Thirirani chomeracho kawiri patsiku, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ochepa. Mukamabzala zipatso, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale osamala, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse, koma kuchepa kwa chinyezi sikulimbikitsidwa.
Ngati sitiroberi imamera mumphika wamaluwa kapena mumphika, m'malo kuthirira, mutha kuthira madzi poto ndikuyika chidebecho pamenepo kwa mphindi 30. Munthawi imeneyi, nthaka imakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira ndipo imamwa madzi oyenera.
Chomeracho chimadyetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi, pogwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo chokhala ndi mchere wochepetsedwa m'madzi, otengedwa mofanana:
- superphosphate;
- potaziyamu permanganate;
- asidi boric;
- ammonium nitrate;
- mkuwa;
- nthaka.
Ngati strawberries amalimidwa kunyumba, ayenera kukhala ndi mungu wochokera okha. Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi:
- Mungu umasonkhanitsidwa pa burashi ndikusamutsira ku duwa;
- Maluwa awiri pafupi ndi inzake amapendekeka wina ndi mnzake;
- Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito zimakupiza zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi chomera.
Kudulira
Mbali yofunikira pakulima zipatso idzakhala yolondola komanso yodulira munthawi yake, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe mungapeze zipatso zabwino:
- Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha zipatso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa kwathunthu ma peduncles;
- Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti asasiye ndevu zosaposa 5 pachomeracho, zomwe zingabweretse zokolola zochuluka;
- Mukalandira zipatso zoyamba, ndikofunikira kudula masamba am'munsi ndi maluwa ake.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira kunyumba
Ngakhale ma strawberries otere amakhala ndi chisanu cholimba, amafunikiranso kukonzekera nyengo yozizira:
- Njira yabwino yozizira ndiyo kusamutsa tchire kuchoka pansi kupita kuchipinda, pakadali pano, chiopsezo choti chomeracho chizizizira chidzachepetsedwa;
- Ngati sitiroberi imakhalabe kutchire kutchire, ndiye kuti masharubu amachotsedwa pamtengo ndikuyika pansi, pambuyo pake amadzazidwa ndi nthambi za spruce, polyethylene, burlap kapena china chilichonse.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta zipatso za remontant
Ampel sitiroberi ndi malo okondedwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana., Nthawi zambiri mumatha kupeza sitiroberi mite kapena nematode.
Pakakhala nthata za sitiroberi, zipatsozo zimafota ndi kufota komanso kufota. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chomeracho chimathandizidwa katatu ndikukonzekera mwapadera ("Nero", "Fufanon", "Actellik", ndi zina) ndi masiku 7-10. Ngati mankhwala sathandiza, m'pofunika kudula masamba onse kuthengo ndikuwotcha.
Ndi nematode, zipatsozo zimauma ndipo zimayambira zimakhala zowirira komanso zazifupi. Poterepa, ndikosatheka kuchiritsa chomeracho; imakumba nthawi yomweyo ndikuwotcha.
Komanso, ampelous strawberries amatha kutenga matenda a fungal, omwe amatha kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fugnicides osiyanasiyana. Kupewa pankhaniyi ndikuti mabulosi amathandizidwa ndi madzi a Brodsky kawiri pachaka, masika ndi nthawi yophukira.
Ampel sitiroberi ndi chomera chosangalatsa komanso chachilendo chomwe chitha kulimidwa panja komanso kunyumba. Phindu lalikulu la subspecies lidzakhala zipatso zochuluka, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa choti zipatsozo zimapangidwa pazi peduncles komanso masharubu.