Chokoma chokoma ndi chikhalidwe chosasamala, ndipo mpaka posachedwa zikuwoneka kuti ndizosatheka kukulira pakatikati pa Russia. Koma mitundu ya Fatezh imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chisanu ndi kukana kwa chilala.
Kufotokozera zamatcheri zosiyanasiyana Fatezh
Mitundu yamatcheri okoma Fatezh adabadwa mu 2001 ndi woweta A.I. Evstratov pamaziko a All-Russian Institute of Selection and Technology of Horticulture and Nursery. Kutulutsa mungu kwaulere kwa chikasu cha Leningrad kunagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yoswana.
Zosiyanazi zakhazikitsidwa m'chigawo chapakati, zangwiro m'chigawo cha Moscow. Kulimbana ndi chisanu kwamatcheri kumapangitsa kuti zizitha kupulumuka nyengo yosintha yapakati pa Russia, koma Fatezh sangapirire kuzizira koopsa kwa Siberia. Masamba a mtengowo sagonjetsedwa kwenikweni ndi chisanu.
Mitengoyi imatha kutalika mamita 3-5. Koronayo ndi yozungulira, yozungulira, ikufalikira, nthambi zimakula mwina pamakona oyenera kapena kupita pansi. Mphukira ndi yolunjika, yakuda, yofiirira.
Masambawa ndi akulu kukula, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe owongoka, otambalala. M'mphepete, tsambalo limakhala ndi utoto wabwino. Pamwambapa pamakhala posalala, chonyezimira komanso chamdima wobiriwira.
Fatezh maluwa a chitumbuwa ndi oyera. Thumba losunga mazira lopangidwa ndi mtima limapangidwa pa mphukira zapachaka ndi nthambi za maluwa.
Zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zapakatikati koyambirira, kukolola koyamba kumatha kupezeka zaka 4-5 zamitengo. Zipatso zimakhwima kwathunthu pakati pa Julayi. Kuchokera pamtengo wawung'ono, womwe zaka zake sizipitilira zaka 10, mpaka 30 makilogalamu a zipatso amapezeka, ndiye kuti chiwerengerochi chimakwera mpaka 50 kg.
Fatezh ilibe chipatso, chifukwa chake, kuti mtengo uyambe kubala mbewu, ndikofunikira kusamalira mungu wake. Olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kubzala mitundu ina yamatcheri pafupi, mwachitsanzo, Iput, Crimea, Raditsa, ndi zina zambiri.
Makhalidwe azipatso
Mitengo ya Fatezh yamatcheri imakhala yozungulira, makamaka yayikulu, pafupifupi, kulemera kwake kumasiyana magalamu 4 mpaka 6. Khungu ndi losalala, lonyezimira, lofiira-chikasu. Thupi la zipatso zotere ndizolimba, yowutsa mudyo, pinki wonyezimira. Mwalawo umasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zamkati, uli ndi mawonekedwe chowulungika ndi mthunzi wowala.
Kukoma kwa chipatsocho ndi kokoma komanso kowawasa. Zotsatira zake ndi 4.5-4.7 point. Fatezh zipatso amadziwika ndi alumali moyo wautali komanso wabwino mayendedwe. Komanso, nthawi yachithandizo chakhungu, khungu la chipatso silimasweka.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
- Mtengo umakula msanga ndikuyamba kubala mbewu kuyambira chaka chachinayi mpaka chachisanu cha moyo;
- Atakula, Fatezh chitumbuwa chimatha kupereka 50 kg yokolola:
- Kuchuluka kwa chisanu kukana:
- Chitetezo chamatenda a fungal;
- Zipatso zoterezi zimalekerera mayendedwe bwino, zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso zimakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino.
- Mtengowo umadzipangira wokha ndipo umafuna kuti munthu azinyamula mungu kuti aberekenso mbewuyo;
- Chizoloŵezi cha kutuluka kwa chingamu.
Kudzala ndikuchoka
Musanadzalemo yamatcheri patsamba lanu, muyenera kusankha mmera woyenera. Kuti mtengowo uzike msanga pamalo atsopano, muyenera kutsatira malangizo awa:
- Ndi bwino kugula mbande kuchokera ku nazale zovomerezeka.yomwe ili mdera lomwe ikulimidwa. Kupanda kutero, chomeracho chikuyenera kudutsa pakulowererapo.
- Chizindikiro chachikulu cha thanzi la mmera ndi mizu yolimba, yolimba nthambi. Malo odulidwa ayenera kukhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira;
- Korona wa mmera uyenera kukhala ndi nthambi 3-4, pafupifupi masentimita 40 kutalika;
- Zomera zapakati pa zaka 1-2 zimakhala zotheka kuzika mizu.
Ngati mmera udagulidwa ndi mizu yotseguka, kubzala kwake kudzachita bwino nthawi yachilimwe. Mitengo yotsekedwa imatha kubzalidwa mchaka chonse chakumapeto ndi kugwa.
Kusankha malo oyenera pofika ndikofunikira pakufika bwino.
- Cherry Fatezh amafunikira kuyatsa bwino ndi kutetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho. Ndikofunika kusankha mbali zakumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa tsambalo.
- Komanso, izi zimakula bwino m'mapiri, koma osati m'mapiri. Mutha kudzikweza nokha mwa kukonkha nthaka ndi masentimita 50.
- Pofuna kupewa chinyezi chokhazikika, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha malo okhala ndi madzi akuya pansi.
Cherry wokoma amakonda mchenga kapena mchenga wapakatikati, chifukwa amakhala ndi chinyezi chabwino. Fatezh imakula kwambiri m'malo omwe ali ndi mchenga, peat kapena dothi.
Dzenje lodzala yamatcheri lakonzedwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira, kuti nthaka izitha kupatsa nthawi yozizira. Maenje amatulutsidwa mtunda wa mamita 3 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 80, ndipo kuya kwake ndi 50-60. Kenako pansi pake amamasulidwa ndipo zidebe ziwiri za humus zosakanikirana ndi nthaka yachonde, yachonde imatsanulira pamenepo.
Musanabzala m'dzenje, onjezerani:
- 1 kilogalamu ya phulusa;
- Magalamu 400 wa superphosphate;
- Magalamu 100 a sodium sulfate.
Kuti mtengo ukhale wabwino ndikupatsa zokolola zabwino, onjezani zidebe ziwiri zadothi panthaka yamchenga, ndi zidebe ziwiri za mchenga panthaka yadothi. Thirani chisakanizo cha nthaka pamwamba.
Mukamabzala yamatcheri, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amatsata izi:
- Choyamba, msomali wakhazikitsidwa, womwe ungathandize ngati mmera.
- Pakatikati pa dzenjelo, muyenera kumanga mulu ndikuyika mmera pamenepo, ndikufalitsa mosamala mizu.
- Kenako amamangirira mtengowo pachilichonse kuti azimata ndi dothi, ndipo kenako amaulimbitsa. Mzu wa mizu uyenera kukhala masentimita 3-5 pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Pomaliza, chowongolera chimamangidwa kuchokera pansi ndipo yamatcheri amathiriridwa kwambiri, kenako nthaka imadzazidwa ndi peat kapena humus.
Kukula
- Madzi yamatcheri katatu pa nyengo, 30-40 malita amadzi amawonongedwa pamtengo wawung'ono, ndi malita 50-60 kwa munthu wamkulu.
Pamaso kuthirira kulikonse, ndikofunikira kumasula bwalo lapafupi ndi thunthu kuti chinyezi chitha kulowa mizu mwachangu.
- Kudulira.
- Cherry Fatezh amadziwika ndi kukula kwa mphukira, ndipo kuti korona usakule kwambiri, imayenera kudulidwa chaka chilichonse. Njirayi imachitika mchaka, masamba asanafike pamtengo. Nthambi zapachaka zimadulidwa ndi 1/5 gawo.
- Mtengo ukafika zaka 5, gawo lokula kwambiri lidzaima, ndipo popanga korona ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zomwe zikukula mkati mwa korona kapena mphukira zosafunikira.
- M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira ukhondo, pomwe nthambi zonse zodwala, zowuma kapena zowonongeka zidzachotsedwa.
Mabala onse ayenera kukonzedwa ndi varnish wam'munda.
- Cherry Fatezh, monga mitengo ina, imafunika kudyetsa panthawi yake komanso moyenera.
Manyowa onse ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakatikati pa korona, koma osati pansi pa thunthu palokha, chifukwa mizu yoyandikira kwambiri siyamwa zakudya.
- Musanaphukire pansi pa mtengo, muyenera kuwonjezera supuni 2 za carbamide, potaziyamu sulphate ndi mchere wambiri "Agricole", wosungunuka m'malita 20 amadzi.
- Pambuyo maluwa, yamatcheri amafunika mphamvu kuti athetse zokolola. Mzere wapafupi ndi thunthu umathiriridwa ndi malita 30 a madzi ndi supuni 6 za feteleza wamafuta ndi magalasi 6 a feteleza.
- Mukakolola, magalamu 200 a superphosphate, magalamu 100 a feteleza amchere ndi magalamu 100 a potaziyamu sulphate amatsanulira pansi pa mtengo uliwonse, ndiye yamatcheri amathiriridwa kwambiri.
- Pakutuluka kwamaluwa, korona amapopera ndi chopatsa mphamvu.
Simungathe kuthira yamatcheri ndi manyowa, chifukwa zimatha kuzunza mizu m'nyengo yozizira.
- Komanso Fatezh amafunikira kupalira ndi kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse.
Kufalitsa Cherry
Kutulutsa kwamtengo wapatali kwamatcheri, ndiye kuti, ndikusunga mawonekedwe onse amitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndizotheka pokhapokha polumikiza. Mtengo ukamakula kuchokera mu mbewu, sudzalandira cholowa cha kholo.
Nthawi zambiri, yamatcheri amezanitsidwa pamatcheri, koma pakadali pano, chitsa, ndiye kuti, mtengo womwe udalumikizidwa, umayenera kukhala wolimba komanso wolimba. Muthanso kumezanitsa zipatso zamatcheri, njirayi ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imatha ndi kupambana, kuwonjezera apo, zimakhala zotheka kukolola mbewu zosiyanasiyana pamtengo umodzi.
Ankalumikiza Cherry zitha kuchitika kuyambira koyambirira kwa Marichi mpaka pakati pa Seputembala. Pochita izi, muyenera kuwerengera nthawi kuti katemera azikhala ndi mizu nyengo yozizira isanayambike... Nthawi yabwino imawerengedwa kuti ndi nthawi yamasika, pomwe kuyamwa kwamphamvu kumachitika.
Pali njira zingapo zolumikizira yamatcheri, koma kulumikizanitsa ndi kukhathamiritsa (cuttings) kumapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Kuti mugwirizane ndi kasupe, m'pofunika kukonzekera cuttings pasadakhale, nthawi zambiri amadulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, masamba onse atagwa. M'chilimwe ndi Seputembala, yamatcheri adalumikizidwa ndi cuttings omwe angodulidwa kumene, m'lifupi mwake ayenera kukhala mamilimita 5-7, ndipo kutalika kwake kukhale masentimita 10-15.
Kuti ntchito yolumikiza ndi kulumikizana, ndikofunikira kuti chitsa ndi scion ndizofanana. Zodula zomwe sizipitilira zaka ziwiri zimazika mizu bwino.
- Pa mphukira zokonzeka, odulidwa oblique amapangidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa, pafupifupi masentimita atatu m'litali.
- Pakatikati pa mabalawa, malilime (zomata) amapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zidutswazo zizilumikizana bwino.
- Katundu womangirizidwa ndi kulumikizidwa wokutidwa ndi tepi yamagetsi, tepi, zokutira pulasitiki kapena zina zofananira.
- Kenako amatenga thumba la pulasitiki pa phesi lolumikizidwa ndi kumangika kumunsi kwenikweni kwa malo olumikiza. Mtengo uyenera kukhala mmenemo milungu iwiri. Munthawi imeneyi, katemerayu amayenera kuzika mizu ndipo zida zonse zothandizira zitha kuchotsedwa.
Makhalidwe azosiyanasiyana izi
- Chosiyanitsa chachikulu chidzakhala mtundu wa zipatso za chitumbuwa "Fatezh", zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina yotchuka ya mitengo yotere. M'malo mwa burgundy wamba kapena utoto wofiirira, zipatsozo zimakhala ndi utoto wofiyira wowala ndi mawanga achikasu.
- Fatezh imasiyananso ndi korona wake, womwe uli ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo nthambi zimakula pansi. Kapangidwe kameneka sizofanana ndi mitengo yamatcheri.
- Kukula kwa mtengo nthawi zambiri kumayima pafupifupi 3 mita, pomwe mitundu ina, imakula mpaka 4.5-5 mita.
- Zokolola zamtunduwu zimakhalabe zapamwamba kwambiri, mtengo wachikulire umatha kubala zipatso mpaka kilogalamu 50.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Mitundu yamatcheri Fatezh imadziwika ndi kulimbana bwino ndi tizirombo ndi matenda ambiri, makamaka moniliosis ndi coccomycosis. Koma mitengo yotere imakonda kutuluka chingamu.
Gum ndi chinthu chokhuthala, chonyezimira, chomata chomwe chimatuluka ku khungwa la mtengo. Pali zifukwa zingapo zowonekera:
- Mabala ndi zovulala pamtengo;
- Osadulira bwino nthambi;
- Chisanu;
- Tizirombo;
- Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi;
- Matenda a fungal;
- Mafuta owonjezera a nayitrogeni kapena ma phytohormones.
Monga njira yodzitetezera, muyenera kusunga khungwa lakale pamtengo, chifukwa ndiye amene amateteza monga wodalirika. Zimalimbikitsidwanso kuti zizitsuka pamtengo ndi kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, zimathandiza kupewa kutentha kwa dzuwa. Ndipo kuteteza yamatcheri ku chisanu chozizira komanso mawonekedwe a ming'alu, kukulunga nthambi zamatumba ndi thunthu ndi pepala kapena matting kudzakuthandizani.
Ngati nthendayo ikuwonekera, bala limatsukidwa ndi mpeni mpaka malo abwinobwino atawonekera, ndiye kuti malowa amatetezedwa ndi mankhwala a sulphate wamkuwa ndipo nigrol putty amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja oyera.
Gawo lofunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda ndikuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa.
Fatezh ndi mulungu wamaluwa yemwe akufuna kulima yamatcheri pakatikati pa Russia. Mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukana kwabwino komanso kudzichepetsa nyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zake ndizabwino kwambiri pakulawa ndipo ndizabwino pantchito zamalonda.