Sitha kuonedwa ngati matenda osafalikira kapena kuvunda komwe kumakhudza phwetekere mu wowonjezera kutentha. Choyamba, uku ndikuchepa kwa zokolola ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwamagawo atatu, zomwe zingapangitse kuchepa kwa ndalama ngati tomato akulimidwa pamalonda. Koma ngati muwona njira zosavuta zodzitetezera pakulima kwawo, mutha kupewa mavuto ambiri, amodzi mwa omwewo ndi owola kwambiri. Tidzakambirana za njira zothetsera matendawa m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi kuvunda pamwamba pa tomato kumachokera kuti?
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:
- kutentha kwakukulu, chinyezi chosakwanira... Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu. Pa masiku owuma komanso otentha, chinyezi chimasuluka m'masamba ake, mizu yake imatha kudzaza chomeracho ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. Zotsatira zake ndikutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera kuzipatso kupita masamba, pomwe kuchuluka kwamaselo a phwetekere kumangofa;
- kashiamu wochepa padziko lapansi. Pamalo oterowo, mawonekedwe owola apical ndiotheka;
- ndizoopsa ndipo malo amchere amchere.
Olima minda nthawi zambiri ndiwo amachititsa kuti matenda awonekere. Sanasonyeze kukhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo amchere m'nthaka, kuthiriridwa mosasunthika.
Matenda osiyanasiyana
Matendawa amatha kukhala amtundu wapawiri, wophatikizidwa ndi fungal kapena agronomic. Tomato amatha kukhudzidwa ndi tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayikidwa pansi ndikutumiza kuzitsamba zathanzi m'mlengalenga.
Tchire nthawi zambiri limadwala mbewu, yomwe nthawi imodzi idatengedwa kuchokera ku tomato wokhudzidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chisamaliro cha mbewu.
Zosagwilizana
Cholinga chake ndi kashiamu osakwanira, zosasunthika pakuthilira, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwamalamulo otentha usiku ndi usana.
Gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa la phwetekere silifewa, minofu imayamba kukhala yakuda, nthawi zina ngakhale yakuda. Mukamachita zikhalidwe, ndikofunikira kukonza kuwongolera kutentha kwa mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha, kupumira, kuthirira mbewu moyenera pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda.
Mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana
Chifukwa chake chachikulu ndi mabakiteriya. Matendawa amadziwonetsera kale mu gawo loyambirira la kukula. Chinyezi chikakwera, madera omwe akhudzidwa kukhala ofewa, fungo lapadera limapezeka.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kunyamulidwa ndi mbewu za nightshade kapena tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala kale m'mbewu, chifukwa chake mumayenera kuthana ndi zowola kuyambira nthawi yobzala. Mukungoyenera kuthira zobzala mu njira ya manganese kuti muzithiramo mankhwala.
Ngati tomato wowonjezera kutentha amadwala ndi zowola zowola, zotsalira zonse zazomera ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Njira zowola kwambiri ndi chithandizo
Njira zotetezera tomato ku matendawa zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zifukwa zomwe zimawonekera - nthaka youma komanso kusowa kwa calcium.
Ndizofunikira kuthirira munthawi yake, osabweretsa nthaka kuti iume ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kudyetsa masamba kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito, momwe mipangidwe yapadera imagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Ngati mbewuzo zilibe calcium yokwanira, yankho labwino kwambiri ndikuthandizira kukonza mbewu zomwe, kuwonjezera pa nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, zilinso ndi boron ndi calcium. Kusakaniza koteroko kumagwirira ntchito limodzi, zinthuzo zimakulitsa zochitika za wina ndi mnzake.
Muyeso wina - mankhwala a Brexil Caokhala ndi calcium mpaka theka la zana la boron. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira masamba, kuthira madzi pamlingo wa magalamu khumi pa chidebe cha lita khumi. Ndondomekoyi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike kamodzi masiku khumi ndi asanu.
Sitiyenera kunyalanyazidwa liming - njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira kudzaza nthaka ndi calcium. Njirayi imagwiridwa bwino nthawi yophukira, pomwe mbewu zimakololedwa kwathunthu.
Njira zodzitetezera
Njira yayikulu yolimbana ndikuteteza matenda. Choyamba, simuyenera kupanga zinthu zabwino.
Izi zimafuna:
- kusankha kubzala mbewu nthaka yowononga chinyezi... Ngati dothi mu wowonjezera kutentha ndilopepuka kwambiri, m'pofunika kuwonjezera nthaka ya peat ndi turf, yomwe ingathandize kusunga madzi;
- Madzulo a kubzala, simuyenera kuwonjezera nyimbo zambiri za feteleza kuti musawononge chikhalidwe;
- musabzale tchire mopitilira muyeso kwambiri. Zomera za phwetekere ziyenera kukhomedwa ndikupangidwa munthawi yake;
- kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse, pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi chokwanira;
- kupyola kuphimba padzakhala mwayi wabwino wosunga chinyontho m'nthaka, kokha kokha ndiyomwe kuyenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Pachifukwa ichi, udzu wodula, lunguzi, namsongole wopanda mbewu, kompositi, udzu wouma, zinthu zoyera ndizoyenera;
- nyengo yotentha ikutsatira mpweya wabwino wowonjezera kutenthamthunzi wa zomera ndi nsalu yoyera. Ngati wowonjezera kutentha amapangidwa ndi galasi, ndiye kuti akhoza kupukutidwa ndi mandimu.
Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi madzi, nthaka, namsongole wa nightshade mbewu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda... Chifukwa chake, njira zovuta za matenda aliwonse a bakiteriya ndizoyenera. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati matendawa adadziwika kale pazomera zaka zapitazi.
Ntchito zoterezi ziyenera kuphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga zotsalira za mbewu, tomato wokhudzidwa, kulimbana ndi tiziromboti ndi namsongole, kusunga kasinthasintha wa mbeu ndi kusinthasintha kwa mbeu.
Ngati sizingatheke kusinthanitsa mbewu, ndiye kuti pakati pa nyengo ndikulimbikitsidwa pakama pitani manyowa obiriwira, yomwe ikatha kulima idzaikidwa m'nthaka.
Malo obiriwira obiriwira pamwamba pa tomato amakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, amatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, dothi lomwe lasinthidwa limasinthidwa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro omwe ali pamwambapa, mutha kuteteza mwangwiro mbewu zanu za phwetekere ku zowola pamwamba, ndikupatsirani zikhalidwe zokula ndikukula. Ndiye mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti zokololazo zidzakupindulitsani ndi zokolola zabwino.