Froberries amapezeka pafupifupi m'munda uliwonse, pomwe Mitundu ya Festivalnaya ndi yotchuka kwambiri.
Ili ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yabwino, yomwe ikuluikulu ndi yokolola kwambiri komanso kudzichepetsa pakukula nyengo, kuphatikiza kutentha kwa dzinja.
Kufotokozera za mitundu ya sitiroberi Phwando Chamomile
Strawberry chitsamba Festivalnaya wolimba, koma nthawi yomweyo yaying'ono, masamba ali pamtunda wokwanira komanso mosamalitsa.
Ma peduncles ndi wandiweyani komanso amphamvu, amatha kuthandizira kulemera kwa mabulosi akucha, nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana ndi masamba kapena pansi pake. Ma inflorescence ndiabwino kwambiri, maluwa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Malinga ndi malongosoledwe, fruiting imachitika pakatikati kapena mochedwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo imatenga nthawi yokwanira, mpaka pakati pa Okutobala-koyambirira kwa Novembala.
Zokolola za zosiyanasiyana ndi zabwino kwambiri, mpaka 500 magalamu a strawberries amatha kukolola kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zipatso zoyamba zimatha kufika pamtunda wokwanira magalamu 45, pomwe zokolola zomaliza zidzakhala zochepa (10-15 magalamu).
Zipatso za oblong ndizofiira kwambiri, khungu limanyezimira komanso. Khosi ndi lotambalala komanso lowongoka. Ofiira, ma achenes ang'ono amakhala pamwamba ponse pa sitiroberi.
Zamkati ndi pinki yopepuka, yofewa, koma nthawi yomweyo imakhala yolimba, chifukwa chake mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalekerera mayendedwe ndi kusungitsa kwakanthawi.
Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kosangalatsa, kokoma komanso kowawasa ndi fungo losalala. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma strawberries pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Mtundu wa Festivalnaya Chamomile ndiwodziwika chifukwa chokana matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo, komabe mutha kuwona powdery mildew kapena verticillary ikufota pachomera choterocho. Sitiroberi wotere imalekerera chisanu chisanu bwino.
Mbiri yakuswana ndi dera lokula
Festivalnaya sitiroberi anabadwira mumzinda wa Pavlovsk oweta zoweta, omwe akhala akugwira ntchito molimbika kwa zaka 4, kuyambira nthawi ya 1954 mpaka 1958.
Zosiyanasiyana adadziwika nazo polemekeza chikondwerero cha achinyamata ndi ophunzira padziko lonse lapansi, chomwe chidachitika mu 1997.
Ngakhale zili choncho Festivalnaya amadziwika kuti ndi wakale wakale, mitundu yambiri ya haibridi mpaka pano yalephera kubisa mikhalidwe yake.
Ndi chizolowezi kulima strawberries oterewa ku Central ndi kumpoto., ku Urals ndi Siberia.
Zokonda zosazolowereka izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti mitunduyo imapilira kuzizira bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo imatha kukhala ndi chilala ndi kutentha, kotero madera akumwera sioyenera kukulira.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana:
- zokolola zabwino;
- kukoma kwabwino kwa mabulosi;
- zipatso zomwe zimayambitsa zimalekerera mayendedwe bwino ndipo zimasungidwa kwakanthawi;
- zipatso zoyamba zimadzitamandira kukula kwakukulu;
- nthawi yobala zipatso nthawi yayitali;
- zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukula bwino mumthunzi wochepa;
- chomeracho sichiwopa chisanu chachisanu, masamba a maluwa samakhudzidwa nthawi yachisanu, ndipo tchire lowonongeka limachira mwachangu kwambiri.
Zoyipa:
- zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ena;
- chomeracho sichimalola kutentha ndi chilala.
Malamulo ofika
Ndichizoloŵezi kugwira ntchito yobzala Festivalnaya pamalo otseguka masikapamene chiwopsezo chobwerera chisanu chatha kapena koyambirira kwa masika. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chomeracho chili ndi nthawi yozika mizu ndipo sichimaundana m'nyengo yozizira.
Posankha malo a strawberries, muyenera kuganizira zofunikira zake:
- Nthaka yokhala ndi acidic pang'ono kapena yamchenga yoyenerera ndiyabwino.
- Malowa ayenera kukhala owala bwino, koma nthawi yomweyo amatetezedwa ku dzuwa.
- Zojambula zimasokoneza chomeracho.
- Madzi apansi panthaka ayenera kukhala osachepera masentimita 80.
Pofuna kupewa kusamutsa tizirombo kuchokera kwa omwe adalipo kale, ma strawberries amalimbikitsidwa kuti azilimidwa m'malo omwe nyemba, kaloti, katsabola ndi parsley zidakula kale.
Kukula bwino kwambiri kwa mbande, kugwa, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi musanadzalemoNthaka imakumbidwa mozama masentimita 25, kutsukidwa namsongole ndipo feteleza otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito (pa 1 mita imodzi):
- 5-6 kilogalamu ya manyowa kapena peat;
- 50 magalamu a superphosphate;
- 20-30 magalamu a mankhwala a potashi.
Njira yobzala strawberries kutchire amawoneka motere:
- Poyamba, maenje osazama otsika amakumbidwa, mtunda pakati pake uyenera kukhala osachepera 30 sentimita.
- Mabowo obwera chifukwa chake amathiriridwa ndi madzi.
- Mu mbande, mizu imafupikitsidwa pang'ono ndipo masamba amapinidwa, kusiya 3-4 mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri.
- Chomeracho chimayikidwa kotero kuti kolala yazu ikhale pansi.
- Gawo lomaliza lidzakhala kuthirira kochuluka.
Ngati strawberries amabzalidwa kugwa, ndiye kuti iyenera kuphimbidwanso.
Kusamalira mabulosi am'munda
Kusamalira Festivalnaya ndikosavuta ndipo ngakhale oyamba kumene amatha kuthana nawo.
Kuthirira strawberries muli malamulo angapo oyambira.kuganizira posamalira:
- kubzala kuthirira kumayamba mu Epulo;
- Malita 10-12 amadzi ofunda amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 mita mita imodzi yanthambi;
- kutentha pang'ono, zitunda zimathiriridwa kamodzi pamasabata awiri;
- munthawi yotentha, padzakhala kofunika kunyowetsa nthaka masiku awiri kapena atatu;
- ngati mvula imagwa pang'ono kugwa, kuthirira ma strawberries kuyenera kupitilizidwa ndikubwerezedwa masiku asanu aliwonse;
- panthawi yogwira ntchito, madzi sayenera kuloledwa kufika pachomera chomwe chili maluwa kapena kubala zipatso.
Masiku 7-10 aliwonse, mabedi ayenera kumasulidwa mosamala ndi kuchotsa namsongole. Izi ziwathandiza kupeza mpweya wochuluka momwe angathere.
Pofuna kuteteza kufulumira kwa chinyezi ndikuletsa kukula kwa udzu, timipata timalumikizidwe udzu, udzu kapena peat.
Kuti chomeracho chikhale ndi mizu yamphamvu komanso yothandiza, ndevu zonse ndi ma peduncle amachotsedwa mchaka choyamba cha moyo.
Festivalnaya sitiroberi imafunikira kudyetsedwa pafupipafupi, komwe kumachitika malinga ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, chisanu chimatha kusungunuka | Manyowa ovuta amchere |
Pakati pa maluwa, feteleza amathiridwa kamodzi pa sabata. | Mamililita 200 a ndowe za mbalame amachepetsedwa m'malita 4 amadzi ndikuthirira chisakanizo ichi pa chitsamba chimodzi |
Pamapeto pa kubereka | Superphosphate, magalamu 50 omwe amachepetsedwa mumtsuko wamadzi |
Odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kudyetsa mukangomaliza kuthirira.
Kubereka
Madyerero a strawberries amatha kufalikira m'njira zingapo, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti njira zamasamba nthawi zambiri zimayenda bwino, ndipo ikamamera mbewu, pamakhala chiopsezo chotenga chomera chosiyana ndi mayi.
Kuti mutenge mbande kuchokera ku mbewu, Chitani izi:
- kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi, chisakanizo chachonde chimakonzedwa, chokhala ndi magawo ofanana a mchenga ndi peat, mbewuzo zimanyowetsedwa ndikuyika pansi, zomwe zimakanikizidwa pang'ono;
- chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena zojambulazo ndikuyika pamalo otentha, nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuthirira;
- Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3 mphukira zoyamba ziyenera kuwonekera ndipo mbande zimatha kulowa m'madzi osiyana;
- Mwamsanga pamene ma rosettes 3-4 amamera pa mbande, amatha kusamutsidwa kupita kumtunda.
Kuti mupeze zinthu zobzala kuchokera ku masharubu, ndikwanira kusankha mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yayitali kwambiri, yonseyo imachotsedwa.
Mzu wa rosette ukangopangika, umayikidwa mumphika wosiyana ndikugwera pansi, kenako umayang'aniridwa ngati mmera. Pambuyo pa masabata angapo, chitsamba chaching'ono chimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi chomera cha mayi.
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa tchire, molingana ndi momwe chomera chachikulire chimakumbidwa pansi ndikugawana magawo angapo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti masamba a rosettes 3-4 ndi mizu yathanzi, yamphamvu iyenera kupezeka pamadulira onse.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Festivalnaya sitiroberi, monga zomera zina, zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mumatha kuwona zowola zakuda, powdery mildew kapena verticillary ikumera tchire.
Matenda | Njira zowongolera |
Kuvunda imvi | Kumayambiriro kwa masika, masamba asanapangidwe, chomeracho chimapopera mankhwala ndi "Topsin M", "Zuparen", "Derozal", ndi zina zambiri. Ngati chilimwe chimagwa, ndiye kuti chithandizocho chimabwerezedwa pambuyo maluwa. |
Powdery mildew | Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, mankhwalawa "Trichoderma" ndi othandiza; |
Verticillary kufota | Ngati chithandizo cha matendawa chayambika munthawi yake, zinthu zachilengedwe ("Fitodoctor", "Fitosporin", etc.) zitha kukhala njira zabwino. Pamagulu apamwamba, madzi a Brodsky kapena "Fundazol" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. |
Kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo ndi izi:
- Kumayambiriro kwa dzinja, mulch amachotsedwa pamabedi ndipo masamba a zomera amachotsedwa, pambuyo pake dothi limamasulidwa mpaka kuya kwa masentimita 6-8 ndikuchiritsidwa ndi Brodsky madzi kapena mkuwa sulphate.
- Kumapeto kwa Seputembala, mbewu ndi nthaka yozungulira iwo amathandizidwa ndi izi:
- 5 malita a madzi;
- Supuni 2 za mafuta a masamba;
- Supuni 1 yamadzi sopo
- Supuni 1 ya phulusa;
- Supuni 1 viniga
- Pambuyo 2 milungu mankhwala mobwerezabwereza ntchito madzi Brodsky.
Festivalnaya sitiroberi ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino yosankha zoweta, yomwe sinathenso kutchuka kwazaka zopitilira 50.
Mitengo yotere imabweretsa zokolola zochuluka, zokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu komanso zokoma kwambiri.