Nkhuku Leghorn (Leghorn) - mtundu wopindulitsa wa mayendedwe a dzira, woyamba kubadwa ku Italy. Lero, ichi ndiye maziko opangira mitundu ya mazira mumakampani opanga nkhuku. Pali mitundu yoposa 20 ya nthenga za nkhuku za Leghorn, kuphatikiza zoyera, zomwe zimadziwika chifukwa cha zokolola zawo komanso kudzichepetsa. Mizere yamitunduyi imakonzedwa mosalekeza ndikukulitsidwa.
Maonekedwe, kufotokoza ndi chithunzi
Ku Russia, makamaka ma Leghorns okhala ndi nthenga zoyera amabadwa. Poganizira kuti mitundu ya nkhukuzi imapangidwa, pali mbalame zokhala ndi bulauni, zakuda, buluu, motley, nthenga zagolide. Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe a Leghorn ndi awa:
- kukula pang'ono ndi kulemera;
- ofukula thupi mu mawonekedwe a tsamba;
- thupi lokulirapo;
- mutu ndi wausinkhu waukulu, mtundu wofanana ndi tsamba uli wowoneka bwino mu tambala ndikulendewera mu nkhuku, ma khubu oyera kapena abuluu, ndolo zofiira;
- iris ya maso mu nkhuku zazikulu ndi yotumbululuka chikasu, mwa achinyamata oimira mtundu wakuda wa lalanje;
- chifuwa chokwanira;
- molunjika kumbuyo;
- kutalika kwa mwendo mu nkhuku zazikulu;
- achichepere ali ndi khungu lachikaso, ndipo akuluwo ndi achikuda;
- mchira wautali wa tambala pamtunda wa 40 ° mpaka thupi;
- nthenga zakuda.
Kutentha - komwe kuli bwino kukhala mu khola kapena kuyenda
Nkhuku za mtundu wa Leghorn zimagwira ntchito, nthawi zonse zimayenda. Ndibwino kuti muziwasunga m'khola momwe mungayendere. Kukula pang'ono kwa mbalame kumapulumutsa malo posankha nkhokwe. Kukula kwathunthu mpaka kundende, ndikofunikira kupereka mwayi kwa mpweya wabwino komanso kuwala. Nkhuku ziyenera kukhala zaukhondo. Nkhokwe iyenera kukhala ndi zida, zodyetsera, zisa.
Poyenda, malo ang'onoang'ono otchingidwa ndi ukonde ndikwanira. Kutalika kwa mpanda sikuyenera kukhala wochepera 1.5 mita kuti nkhuku zisauluke mpandawo. Kuyenda kumafunikira odyetsa ndi omwera. M'nyengo yotentha, nkhuku zimakhala bwino kukhala panja. Amakonda kuyenda mozungulira pansi kufunafuna nyongolotsi, timiyala. Ndikofunika kuti udzu umere m'malo okhala ndi mipanda. Ngati kulibe, ndiye kuti nkhuku ziyenera kudyetsedwa kangapo patsiku ndi kaloti, beets ndi zomera zina. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalameyi imasungidwa m'khola.
Zofunika!Pakakhala kuti palibe njira yoyendetsera mbalame chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira, payenera kukhala matayala okhala ndi miyala yaying'ono m khola. Mbalame amazitola kuti zigayire chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri.
Nkhuku za Cage Leghorn zimaloledwa. Izi zipulumutsa malo, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti khola lokhala ndi zida silikhala lothinana. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake, nkhuku sizimva bwino pansi. Iyenera kupendekeka, ndipo zotengera za dzira zimafunikira kunja kwa khola. Mtunda pakati pa ndodo za ukondewo uyenera kukhala wokwanira kuti nkhuku ikwaniritse mutu wake mmenemo ndi kuukoka momasuka. Osayenera ayenera kutsukidwa kupewa matenda.
Nkhuku zantchito kapena zosangalatsa
Nkhuku za mtundu wa Leghorn ndizofala pakulima kwa nkhuku m'minda yamafakitale m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Mitengo yopitilira 20 yobereketsa ku Russia imagwira ntchito yosintha ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano yamtunduwu, monga Leghorn yofiirira, bulauni wa Dalmatian.
Kupitiliza kupitiliza kwathandiza kuti nkhuku ziikire mazira masiku opitilira 200 pachaka. Pobzala Leghorns sikutanthauza malo ndi chakudya chambiri... Chifukwa chake, lero bizinesi yakulera nkhuku kuti ichite phindu yapangidwa.
M'mafamu a mafakitale, Leghorns amakula m'makola, omwe amakhala m'mizere m'khola. Maantibayotiki ndi mahomoni amathandizira kuthana ndi matenda obwera chifukwa chodzaza ndi dothi. Komabe, pakati pawo pali kutha kwa mbalame, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukokolola. M'makampani, nkhuku za Leghorn zimaleredwa kwa chaka chimodzi ndikuphedwa kuti muchepetse kupanga mazira.
Leghorns kumbuyo
Chifukwa chakuti Palibe mtengo wolimba wosungira mbalame, amalimidwa ngakhale ndi okonda nyama za nkhuku, malingaliro awo amapezeka pansipa. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kusunga Leghorns m'makola a nkhuku ndi nkhuku zina.
Ngati chifukwa cha malonda amakulitsa nkhuku za mtundu wa White Leghorn, ndiye kuti m'mabanja amakonda mbalame zamitundumitundu. Izi ndi nkhuku zofiirira, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mazira akulu. Zokolola ndizotsika, koma kunja ndizosangalatsa kuposa ma leghorn oyera, omwe amakopa okonda nkhuku. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Leghorn, zofiirira zimakhala zoposa 60%. Zafalikira chifukwa chofunafuna mahellegi abulauni.
Magawo abuluu amafunikira chidwikuposa zoyera. Zakudya ziyenera kuonedwa mosamala; ngati pali kuphwanya, kupanga dzira kumabwezeretsedwanso kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhuku zotere zimakonda kutenga matenda.
Makhalidwe a anthu
Nkhuku za Leghorn zimalemera pakati pa 1.5 ndi 2 kg, amuna amalemera 2.3-2.7 kg. Amayamba kuikira mazira miyezi 4-5, Pangani mazira 200-250 pachaka, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka zidutswa 300 kapena kuposa. Mazira a nkhuku za chaka chimodzi amalemera mkati mwa 60 g, chipolopolocho ndi choyera choyera.
Dzira lolemera magalamu 454 linaikidwa ndi nkhuku ya Blanche Leghorn mu 1956. Chigoba chake chinali chowirikiza; munalinso ma yolks awiri.
Kuchuluka kwa mazira ndi 95%. Anapiye amabadwa olimba, nthenga zimawoneka pakadutsa milungu iwiri. Kuti apange dzira limodzi mu nkhuku, 130-150 g wa chakudya amathera. Palibe chibadwidwe. Ma Leghorn amadya kuchokera pa 110 mpaka 130 g wazakudya patsiku... Ndizosatheka kufotokoza chiwerengerocho, chifukwa, kutengera mawonekedwe amitundu, mawonekedwe amasiyana. Kuti mulere nkhuku mpaka masabata 18, muyenera kudya 6-7 kg ya chakudya.
Mitundu ya mitundu
Leghorn yoyera
Mitunduyi imasiyana chifukwa imatha kukhala kumadera akumwera ndi kumpoto, chifukwa chokhoza kusintha msanga zinthu. Komabe, nkhuku za White Leghorn nthawi zambiri zimakulira mnyumba za nkhuku, ndipo mumakhala zinthu zabwino, mosasamala nyengo kapena nyengo.
Kutchulidwa.Nkhuku zoyera zaku Russia ndizofanana ndi leghorn zoyera. Otsatirawa adalumikizidwa powoloka Leghorns. Ndi ofanana m'mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe oyambira. Koma zoyera zaku Russia zimapambana chifukwa chazibadwa zopanga mazira.
Nkhuku za mtundu wa White Leghorn ndizodzichepetsa pachakudya ndi mndende. Akakulira kuti apeze phindu, amasungidwa m'makola ang'onoang'ono osayenda. Chifukwa cha kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa mtunduwo, White Leghorn imatha kuyikira mazira masiku opitilira 200 pachaka, zomwe zimabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa oweta nkhuku zazikulu. Nkhuku zamtunduwu zimayikira mazira ambiri, osati chifukwa choti asinthidwa, komanso chifukwa amapatsidwa chakudya chamawonekedwe. Zovala izi zimawononga thupi la nkhuku, chifukwa chake nkhuku sizisungidwa kwa nthawi yoposa chaka. Mahomoni ndi maantibayotiki amathandizira kupulumuka m'malo okhala anthu ambiri komanso matope. Pabizinesi, chinthu chachikulu ndikupanga mazira, chifukwa chake zitsanzo zoyesera kuwaswa mazira zimawonongeka.
Ziphuphu zazing'ono
Mitunduyi imadziwika kuti B-33 nkhuku kapena White Mini-nkhuku. Mbalame zimawoneka zazing'ono chifukwa chakuti zimanyamula jini yochulukirapo yocheperako. Kulemera kwake kwa tambala kumachokera ku 1.4 kg mpaka 1.7 kg, nkhuku zolemera zosakwana 1.4 kg. Kupanga mazira ndi kuchuluka kwa moyo ndiokwera, monga ma Leghorns onse. Nkhuku zazikulu ndi zoyera, nkhuku zachikasu.
Ziphuphu zazikuluzikulu, ngakhale zili ndi ntchito, sizikusowa malo ambiri osungira, osayenera aviary ndiabwino kwa iwo. Nkhuku zazing'ono zimadya chakudya chochepa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame zomwe zimakhala zazikulu ndi 35 - 40%. Kuwonjezeka kwa nkhuku kukuyenda bwino, sawopa kutentha kwa subzero.
Ng'ombe zazing'ono zimasiyanitsidwa ndiubwenzi wawo wina ndi mnzake, zimakhala bwino ndi mbalame zina. Kubereka kwa mazira mumtundu uwu ndikokwera kwambirikuposa ma Leghorns ena ndipo ndioposa 95%. Izi ndichifukwa cha zochitika za mini-cockerels. Monga nkhuku zonse za Leghorn, nkhuku zazing'ono sizimaswa mazira; simungachite popanda chofungatira. Mbali ina ya mtundu wa B-33 panthawi yamasamba ndi kuzirala kwakanthawi kotalikirana ndi kukula kwa mazira.
Nthanga zazing'ono zimayenera kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chabwino komanso chopatsa thanzi. Kukhalapo kwa jini losinthasintha kumasintha njira zamagetsi, chakudya choperewera chimakhudza thanzi la nkhuku. Makamaka, kupezeka kwakukulu kwa mapuloteni mchakudya ndi chifukwa cha kupindika zala za nkhuku Masiku 8-10 a moyo. Kuphatikiza apo, amataya miyendo ndikufa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikudya kosayenera, kupanga mazira amtundu wa leghorns kutsika kwambiri.
Chakudya: nkhuku, nkhuku zazikulu, zouma nkhuku
Zakudya za Leghorn ziyenera kukhala zatsopano. Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala choyenera kuti mapuloteni ndi michere ifikire nkhuku mbali zonse. Komabe, menyu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Leghorns ndi osiyana:
- Anapiye amafunikira mapuloteni ambiri mchakudya chawo. Tsiku loyamba la moyo, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa ndi dzira yolk ndi kanyumba tchizi, tsiku lachiwiri, mapira amawonjezeredwa ku zakudya. Alimi ena a nkhuku amadyetsa Leghorns yaying'ono kuyambira pomwe adabadwa ndi chilinganizo chapadera cha "Start for Layers", chomwe sichotsika mtengo. Atakwanitsa masiku 4, anapiyewo amaphatikizidwa ndi zakudya zobiriwira, monga anyezi, dandelions, lunguzi. Zipolopolo zophwanyidwa zimapindulitsanso thupi lomwe likukula. Choko amawonjezeredwa pachakudya patsiku lachisanu la moyo. Patatha masiku 10 mwana wabadwa, anapiye amafunika kudyetsedwa kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku. Pazaka 21 zakubadwa, nkhuku zimasamutsidwa kuti azidya zakudya zachikulire ndipo chakudya chimangokhala 3. Pokhala ndi chakudya choyenera, Leghorns samafa, koma imakula ndikulemera.
- Pofuna kudyetsa akuluakulu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi:
- chimanga;
- zowonjezera mchere;
- laimu wonyezimira;
- choko;
- ufa wamfupa.
Leghorns ayenera kudyetsedwa katatu patsiku. Chakudya cham'mawa ndi chamadzulo chimakhala ndi chimanga monga balere, tirigu. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera mchere, choko ndi mavitamini apadera kwa iwo. Chakudya chamasana ku phala la Leghorns, komwe kaloti, mbatata, maapulo, kabichi, komanso lunguzi, quinoa amawonjezeredwa. Muthanso kuwonjezera zukini, beet ndi nsonga za karoti. Chakudya cha nthambi ndi mafupa ndi gawo limodzi la chakudya cha nkhuku kuti chikule bwino.
- Ngati nkhuku zimafuna mapuloteni, ndiye zigawo, kuwonjezera, amafunikira calcium ndi mavitamini owonjezera popanga dzira pafupipafupi. M'chilimwe, kuyala nkhuku kumadya mavitamini kuchokera amadyera, ndipo nthawi yozizira amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi masamba owiritsa. Kalisiamu mthupi la nkhuku imabwezeretsedwanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zosweka, zigamba za mazira sizigwira ntchito kwenikweni. Nkhuku ziyenera kukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira kupanga mazira, chifukwa iyi ndi njira yowonjezera mphamvu. Madzi oyera oyera ayenera kuikidwa pafupi ndi chakudya. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuti zikhale zotentha. Izi ndizofunikira pakupanga dzira.
Makhalidwe azomwe zili mu Leghorns
Leghorn ndi mtundu wa nkhuku zomwe zimasinthidwa kuzizira chifukwa chokhala ndi nthenga zambiri. Komabe, amaikira mazira m'chipinda chofunda, pomwe kutentha sikufika pansi pa 5 C. Zoyeserera komanso kudumpha kwadzidzidzi sikuyenera kuloledwa m khola. Payenera kukhala zofunda zofunda 50 cm zakuda zopangidwa ndi utuchi, udzu, udzu kuti nkhuku zisadwale ndikupanga dzira lawo lisachepe. M'nyengo yozizira, zokutira izi zimakhala ngati gwero lotentha. Pewani kutumphuka pamwamba.
Mpweya m'khola usakhale woumachifukwa ndi zoopsa kwa nkhuku. Mtengo wotsika kwambiri ukhoza kukhala 45%. Komanso chinyezi chochuluka sichiyenera kuloledwa. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya ndi kuwala zikulowera kumalo komwe mbalame zimasungidwa powapatsa mawindo ndikupereka mpweya wabwino. Ngati Leghorns sanakule mchipinda choyera, ndiye kuti tiziromboti timakhala nthenga. Mutha kuthana nawo kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zotengera phulusa. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera mwapadera ngati zowonjezera mu zakudya zomwe zimachotsa tizirombo. Malo omwe Leghorns amasungidwa ayenera kukhala ndi zida.
Chenjezo!Kugona mokwanira kumakhudza kupanga dzira la nkhuku. Malo ogona ayenera kukhala omasuka kotero kuti chisa chimagwidwa mwamphamvu ndi mawoko. Mitengoyo imayenera kukhala yopingasa mozungulira ndikuzungulira.
Zowonongekazo zimayikidwa patali masentimita 80 kuchokera pansi mbali mbali moyang'anizana ndi zenera. Zisa zimamangiriridwa pafupi ndi zowonekera pakhoma.
Matenda ndi momwe angawathandizire
M'minda yamafakitale, pamakhala phokoso lowonjezeka. Izi zimayambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka mu nkhuku za Leghorn - chisokonezo cha phokoso... Zigawo zimakonda kudwala matendawa posanjikiza. Matendawa amawonekera chifukwa nkhuku zimakhala zankhanza kwa wina ndi mnzake, kufuula, kukupiza mapiko awo ndi kumenyera khoma. Chifukwa cha izi, a Leghorns amadzivulaza komanso kuvulaza ena, amataya nthenga zawo, ndipo kupanga mazira kumagwa. Kuukira kumachitika kangapo patsiku. Zikatere, muyenera kuchepetsa phokoso nthawi yomweyo ndikupanga njira zabwino zopangira dzira.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Pambuyo pofufuza kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu wa Leghorn, ndikofunikira kuwunikira zabwino ndi zoyipa za mtundu uwu.
Makhalidwe abwino:
- Kutha msanga msanga (miyezi 4-5), umuna wokwanira (mpaka 95%), kutulutsa nkhuku (mpaka 83%).
- Kutulutsa dzira lokwera, kudya kochepa, mazira akulu.
- Chipolopolocho ndi chofiirira. M'sitolo, kawirikawiri pamapezeka mazira oyera okha, amabulawuni samagulitsidwa kawirikawiri, amagulitsidwa mwachangu.
- Mbewu za leghorn zimamera m'dziko lathu kuchokera ku Caucasus mpaka ku Siberia. Mbalame zimalekerera kuzizira mosavuta chifukwa cha nthenga zowirira ndikusintha msanga kuzinthu zatsopano, zimadziwika ndi kukhazikika.
Makhalidwe oyipa:
- Makhalidwe anyama amtunduwu samakula bwino chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwa dzira
- Kupanga dzira lokwanira pakatha chaka, kenako kumatsika mwachangu
- Palibe chibadwidwe kapena chibadwa cha amayi. Chofungatira chimafunikira polera nkhuku
- Phokoso ndi nyali zowala zimatha kuyambitsa chisokonezo cha nkhuku chomwe chimafala mumtundu uwu.
Ndemanga
Olga, dera la Vologda Kharovsk
Ndimakweza Leghorns m'makola akuluakulu, komwe kuli bwino. Amakhala ndi ine monga mabanja, ngakhale chilimwe. Sindinazindikire kuchitirana nkhanza wina ndi mnzake. Paulendo, nkhuku ndi atambala amanjenjemera, amathamangira uku ndi uku, akufuna kupita kwinakwake, sadziwa komwe angathamangire. Zili m khola, mbalame zimaikira mazira pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Iwo anasungunuka kamodzi kokha. Msonkhano wa Nkhuku
Daria Rocheva
Ndimakumbukira kuti agogo anga aakazi ankakonda kuweta nkhuku za mtunduwu. Amayikira mazira pafupifupi tsiku lililonse popanda zosokoneza. Maonekedwe awo ndi okongola. Ndikuganiza zopeza Leghorns, chomwe chatsala ndikumanga nkhokwe momwe mbalame zizimasuka. Magazini ya Mbalame
Alirezatalischi
Aliyense akuti Leghorns yatha pambuyo pa chaka, sindinazindikire izi. Mbalame zanga zimapitilizabe kuuluka zambiri, zimawoneka bwino. Za chakudya, zipolopolo zosweka, mapira, mapuloteni amapezeka nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri ndimapatsa nkhuku zinyalala zakakhitchini: kuchokera kuzipanda mpaka tchizi. Kuti mubereketse Leghorns kunyumba, mumafunikira chofungatira kapena nkhuku yankhuku yomwe imatha kutulutsa mazira a Leghorn. Kusungira nkhuku
Kubereketsa nkhuku za Leghorn m'munda wa banja zimabweretsa zabwino kwa mlimi wa nkhuku. Kukula pantchito zamakampani kumathandizanso. Kukonza mopanda ulemu kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza mazira okoma pamtengo wotsika. Kukula kwa mtunduwu kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza mazira ndi nkhuku zazing'ono nthawi iliyonse pachaka popanda zovuta.